Producing a Sustainable Landscape for Conserving Water, Soil & Vegetation Resources: Florida-Friendly Yard/Neighborhood, City & County

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1 Producing a Sustainable Landscape for Conserving Water, Soil & Vegetation Resources: Florida-Friendly Yard/Neighborhood, City & County John J. Pipoly III, Ph.D., FLS, Urban Horticulture Extension Agent Sandra Granson, Urban Horticulture Technician UF-IFAS/Broward County Extension Ed, Parks & Recreation Division

2 Problems Polluted water runoff is a major water quality issue across South Florida Storm water runoff carries pollutants directly into canals, rivers and the ocean owing to increases in impervious surfaces such as pavement. Aquifer recharge in natural systems runs ca. 36% in FL, whereas in urban systems it might reach 15%, with over 35% lost as runoff. Our current drought threatens the security of our water supply, and threatens the health of our urban landscape. An average of one new exotic pest, threatening native or exotic plant species, is introduced into Broward County EACH MONTH. Poorly designed, planted and maintained landscapes waste water, cause runoff, and often endanger workers and the public increasing liability and wasting money.

3 Runoff Water that flows off of yards, roads parking lots, and other impervious surfaces and washes into canals, streams, bays and other water reservoirs. Storm water runoff refers to runoff during storm events.

4 Runoff can carry pollutants into water bodies without going through a treatment process. Pollutants can also leach through the soil into groundwater (water supply).

5 Runoff In much of Broward County the storm sewers in the streets drain DIRECTLY into the canals PLEASE be careful!

6 Natural Conditions Courtesy May, U of W

7 Developed Conditions Courtesy May, U of W

8 Florida-Friendly Landscaping An approach to landscape design and maintenance that emphasizes the: health of the landscape, resistance to salt, drought, and storms, with minimal inputs an understanding of the connection of the yard to the larger ecosystem, including reducing contributions to climate change.

9 LID Site Lot Level Source Controls Conservation Porous Pavement Amended Soils Narrower Streets Open Drainage Rain Gardens Rain Barrel Low Impact Development

10 Multiple Systems LID Development Conservation Minimization Soil Amendments Open Drainage Rain Gardens Rain Barrels Education Disconnected Decentralized Distributed Multi-functional Water Use

11 Comparison of Developments

12 Site Fingerprinting

13 What is a "Florida-Friendly Yard"? A Florida-Friendly Friendly Yard can take any form, unique or traditional. You can create a Florida-Friendly Friendly Yard, or any landscape by: -- changing the way you take care of your landscape -- changing landscape plants or features

14 A Florida-Friendly Yard incorporates 9 principles: Right plant, right place Water efficiently Fertilize appropriately Mulch Attract wildlife Manage yard pests responsibly Recycle yard waste Reduce stormwater runoff Protect the waterfront

15 Plan First! This is a process, not a one-time event! Know the plants and what they require to thrive Know the site characteristics (light, soil type, soil drainage, structures and obstructions like utility poles, etc.)

16 Principle 1: Right Plant, Right Place Choose low-maintenance plants. Reduce the need for water, fertilizer, pesticides and pruning by using plants suited to the specific site conditions. Use turfgrass for specific purposes.

17 Remove Invasive Exotics Invasive exotics are altering native plant communities by: changing soil chemistry, plant community structure and ecological function displacing native species hybridizing with natives Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

18 STRATIFY your Design to increase HURRICANE resistance Canopy Subcanopy or Understory Shrub layer The greater the number of strata (layers) The greater the protection from hurricane damage and The greater the reduction in temperature at ground level Herb & Groundcovers

19 DIVERSIFY the Species to Protect Against Pests and Disease Do NOT plant the same species in a single row, even if it is native Try to compose a hedge with several species instead of only one

20 Install Plants Correctly!

21 Install Plants Correctly! How Far to Plant from Structures Shrubs and foundation plantings should be planted half their mature width PLUS one foot from the wall. 5 foot wide at maturity House 2 ½ feet + 1 foot =3 ½ feet ½ the mature width plus one foot from wall

22 Principle 2: Water Efficiently Efficient watering is the key to a healthy landscape and to reducing runoff.

23 Use micro-irrigation irrigation for plant beds. Group plants with similar watering needs.

24 Check and maintain the irrigation system. Use a rain shut-off device and a rain gauge. Rain shut-off devices are required by state law on all new irrigation systems installed after 1991.

25 Soil Moisture Sensors

26 Calibrate Irrigation Systems Determine time to apply 1/2-3/4 inch water.

27 Watering Rules For residents and businesses in Broward County (except Dania and Hallandale Beaches) effective 4/18/08 Odd addresses may irrigate Wednesdays and Saturdays from 12 am to 10 am OR 4 pm to 11:59 pm. Even addresses may irrigate Thursdays and Sundays from 12 am to 10 am OR 4 pm to 11:59 pm. SFWMD recommends ¾-1 water once/wk early morning Hand-watering 10 mins/day for stress relief Low-volume drip or microjet irrigation not limited but should be reduced. No restrictions to car/boat washing, pressure cleaning or fountains Golf courses must reduce by 30% Dania and Hallandale Beaches, must follow modified Phase III RDER_NO_2007_191_LOSA_MOD_PHASE3.PDF

28 Water Efficiently Design and maintain a yard that thrives predominantly on rainfall once plants are established.

29 Principle 3: Fertilize Appropriately Use Design landscapes to minimize need for fertilizers. slow-release fertilizers, compost or other organic materials to decrease the risk of nitrates getting in to the water system. Proper handling and applying of fertilizers is essential.

30 DISADVANTAGES OF: Water Soluble Nitrogen (Quick Release) The potential for leaching and burning is greater due to misapplication Apply no more than ½ lb. N/ 1000 ft 2 per application Irrigate fertilizer in with ¼ of water Postpone fertilization if rainfall is expected Too much water can move the nutrients past the root zone, where they can leach into groundwater Fertilizer burn

31 ADVANTAGES OF: Water Insoluble Nitrogen (Slow Release) Slowly released to plants Useful in hot, rainy weather Drop-type spreaders can damage coating Apply no more than 1 lb. N/ 1000 ft 2 per application

32 Principle 4: Mulch Keeping a 2-3 layer of mulch will Help to retain soil moisture Suppress weeds Buffer soil temperature Minimize erosion Improve soil by adding organic matter

33 Use by-product or recycled mulches Pine bark mulch Melaleuca mulch Melaleuca chemicals inhibit seed germination; Eucalyptus mulch repels many insects

34 Leaves can remain under trees for a self mulching area.

35 Principle 5: Attract Wildlife Use a diversity of plants in your garden and provide food, water and shelter to diverse wildlife.

36 Managing for Wildlife Vertical layers of vegetation Plant natives for pollinators Limit use of pesticides! Stop mowing- Weeds add wildlife value to your yard! Bidens alba Long-tailed skipper feeding on Bidens alba. Callicarpa americana

37 Principle 6: Manage Yard Pests Responsibly Unwise use of pesticides can harm people, pets, beneficial organisms and the environment. Bacterial organisms Safer soaps Use management techniques that reduce the need for chemical spraying. When needed, use low risk products such as oils and soaps.

38 Integrated Pest Management Focus on prevention: -plant pest-resistant species/cultivars -keep plants healthy -attract beneficial insects -plant for diversity Monitor growth, development, flowering Know key plants/key pests Spot-treat when necessary Use least-toxic controls Consider acceptable damage Minimize pesticide use to keep beneficial insects

39 Principle 7: Recycle Yard & Household Waste In a Florida-Friendly Yard, grass clippings, leaves and yard trimmings are recycled on site to provide added nutrients to the soil and to reduce waste disposal.

40 Apply to plant beds as a soil amendment. Use as mulch. Blend with sand, peat, and perlite for a potting medium. Use Compost Layer 1-2 of compost underneath decorative mulch to save money and improve soil fertility.

41 Grasscycling Grass clippings can be left on the lawn Saves money- This is equivalent to about one fertilizer application per year! Saves time Remove only 1/3 of the grass blade Grasscycling does not result in thatch build-up. Thatch is stem and root overgrowth caused by overfertilization and over-watering.

42 Principle 8: Reduce Stormwater Runoff Even if fertilizer is applied at proper rates, too much water following fertilization can result in leaching or runoff Use a fertilizer deflector shield when fertilizing near water bodies Do not apply fertilizer within at least 10 ft of waters edge Sweep spilled fertilizer back into lawn or landscape and clean up other sources of pollution (pet waste, car oils, etc.)

43 Minimize runoff by using pervious surfaces for walkways, patios, and driveways

44 Reduce runoff by directing irrigation to plants, not streets

45 Rain Barrels Collect and harvest rain water for irrigation purposes. Rainwater runs off roof into the barrel from the downspout. A screen fastened over the inlet prevents leaves or insects from entering. See

46 Residential Rain Gardens

47 All water falling in your yard should remain in your yard. Direct downspouts toward beds or lawn.

48 Principle 9: Protect the Waterfront Landscapes bordering surface waters need to be maintained with special sensitivity to the environment. Establish a no fertilizer, no pesticide zone along the shoreline (at least 10 feet)

49 Protect the Shoreline Vegetated slopes Buffer wave action Absorb nutrients Prevent erosion Attract wildlife After Before

50 Resources for Florida Friendly Landscaping UF-IFAS/Broward County Extension Ed, Broward County Urban Horticulture Florida Yards and Neighborhoods FYN Handbook available online On-line Floridafriendly plant list

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58 Florida Yards & Neighborhoods (FYN) UF/IFAS Extension program developed to address the serious problem of soil and water quality degradation caused by stormwater runoff and non-point source pollution. Implemented through Broward County Extension, Parks & Recreation Division in collaboration with Broward NatureScape, Water Resources Division, Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department. Provides educational materials, workshops, yard evaluations, outreach to homeowners and landscape professionals (varies by county).

59 Florida Yards & Neighborhoods and Florida Master Gardeners Florida Master Gardeners of Broward County are here to assist you. Local Master Gardener Coordinators are located in 26 of the 33 Broward Cities and serve over 31,000 residents annually. for all your diagnostic needs and information. NatureScape Broward sends out Master Gardener Yard Inspectors when you have finished planting your Florida-Friendly Yard for Recognition in the FYN and NatureScape Programs.

60 State FYN program: Broward County FYN program: Dr. John Pipoly, FYN Coordinator; Sandra Granson, Horticulture Technician; Broward County NatureScape: Diana Guidry, NatureScape Outreach Coordinator

61 Roles of Broward County Urban Horticulture Extension Formulates Implementation Policy for the Florida Yards & Neighborhoods residential and commercial developments in Broward County Passes FYN policy, new science-based BMPs to Broward NatureScape for Implementation Coordinates the activities of over 130 active Master Gardeners who serve as FYN Yard Advisors with NatureScape, Instructors in 4-H Junior Master Gardeners, advisors to municipal tree giveaways, city and county parks, homeowner associations, and deliver lectures and demonstrations in schools Works with BC Commercial Horticulture Extension to formulate new Best Management Practices for increasing sustainability of landscapes. Is the Identification authority for pests, poisonous plant identification and landscape disease diagnosis.

62 Urban Horticulture Extension, using UF-Science-based Best Management Practices (BMPs), prepares original Planting Guides for use in plant giveaways to empower landscapers and homeowners to SELECT, INSTALL and MAINTAIN the most DROUGHT-, HURRICANE- and COST-EFFICIENT plants

63 Urban Horticulture Extension Provides the Public Answer Hotline with intensively trained (12- week lecture, lab and field course) Master Gardeners who answer nearly 11,000 residents inquiries/yr on sustainable landscape & integrated pest management Supervises 130 Master Gardeners through a series of 31 Local Master Gardener Coordinators operating Mobile Extension Offices, in 26 Cities, and serving nearly 31,000 residents/yr

64 Roles of Broward County Commercial Horticulture Extension Works with UF-IFAS Research & Education Centers (RECs), UF Environmental Hort Department, International Arboriculture Society, Florida Nursery Growers & Landscapers Association, Landscape Inspectors Association of Florida and others to design, formulate, test and teach research-based Best Management Practices Teaches four courses in tree trimming that cover selection, site preparation, planting, establishment, maintenance, recovery after hurricanes and safety. Holds workshops with RECs in the areas of nursery management, sustainable landscaping for municipalities and resident associations, integrated pest management and water conserving irrigation Best Management Practices Updates irrigation BMPs for South FL Water Management District and Pesticide BMPs for FL Dept. Ag & Consumer Services

65 Objectives for Sustainable Landscape, turf, irrigation and pest control BMPs Reduce off-site transport of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides through surface water or ground water. Increase landscape drought-, wind-, and disease tolerance Severely reduce water use and maintenance costs; reduce hazardous trees and lower liabilities while increasing worker and public safety Control or eradicate pests (including Africanized Honeybees) without hurting other wildlife Through: Use of appropriate site design, location and management. Use of appropriate rates and methods for applying fertilizer, pesticides and irrigation.

66 In Summary Programs in Urban & Commercial Horticulture from Broward Co Extension can effectively assist with training of personnel to achieve a sustainable landscape that will increase cost-effectiveness and conservation of water, soil and plant resources Master Gardeners trained at BC Extension can assist municipalities in managing landscapes of parks and museums while educating residents on sustainable landscaping and integrated pest management. Contact: Mastergardener@broward.org or

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