Neuroscience Compiled by Charles D. Lawrence, MPH, Ph.D.

Transcription

1 Neuroscience Compiled by Charles D. Lawrence, MPH, Ph.D. The Heart-Brain Connection: The Neuroscience of Social, Emotional, and Academic Learning Neuroscientist Richard Davidson presents his research on how social and emotional learning can affect the brain. Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections This web site provides browsers with images and information from one of the world's largest collection of well-preserved, sectioned and stained brains of mammals. Viewers can see and download photographs of brains of over 100 different species of mammals (including humans) representing over 20 Mammalian Orders. The Sheep Brain Dissection Guide Contains a guide for college level dissection. A later edition will contain elementary level & high school level dissection. psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/

2 The Neuron Connection The Neuron Connection is a resource that is available on line to all Neuroscience instructors and students. It contains tested labs that span the breadth of the discipline from cells to behavior, and also the depth of the field from community college to first year graduate school level. Html/theneuronconnection.html Brain Facts and Figures These data were obtained from several textbooks. All numbers are for humans unless otherwise indicated. facts.html Neuroscience for Kids Neuroscience for Kids has been created for all students and teachers who would like to learn about the nervous system. Discover the exciting world of the brain, spinal cord, neurons and the senses. Use the experiments, activities and games to help you learn about the nervous system. There are plenty of links to other web sites for you to explore.

3 Synapse Animation When the wave of Action Potentials reach the end of the axon the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal. This chemical or neurotransmitter crosses the space (Synapse) between adjacent neurons and initiates an Action Potential on another neuron. synapse.htm Synaptic Transmission This web site is structured around the educational content which it provides. There are four fundamental steps in the process of synaptic transmission; likewise, there are four primary divisions of content in this web site. pages/using_site.html Neuroscience Tutorial An illustrated guide to the essential basics of clinical neuroscience. Created in conjunction with the first-year course for medical students. Introductory Biological Psychology Tutorials The Psychology Centre of Athabasca University has developed a series of online tutorials primarily for use by students in the introductory psychology course. index.shtml?sso=true

4 MOTION PERCEPTION An essential quality that distinguishes all animals from plants is their capacity for voluntary movement. But the ability to move brings with it the requirement to sense movement, whether to guide one's progress through the world, or to detect the movement of other mobile animals such as approaching predators. index.html Visual Physiology Follow the route of visual processing from the eyes, through the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and up to the cortex. After you have explored the visual system, test your knowledge with the quiz. Linked%20Pages/Physiol/index.html Sensation and Perception Tutorials Here is a small collection of tutorials and demonstrations related to our senses. Webvision - The organization of the retina The goal of this resource is to summarize the recent advances in knowledge and understanding of the mammalian retina.

5 Neuroscience Education Resources Virtual Encycloportal Discover interactive animations and games as well as other credible education tools for use with any outreach activity. hhttp:// Brain Facts Brain Facts is a 64-page primer on the brain and nervous system, published by the Society for Neuroscience. Download Brain Facts (PDF, 3 MB) Brain Briefings A series of two-page newsletters explaining how basic neuroscience discoveries lead to clinical applications. Milestones in Neuroscience Research The following dates and events were gathered from several sources. These events are certainly not all of the important events to take place in neuroscience...just some of the ones that have been selected.

6 The Brain From Top to Bottom This site, from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research s Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction sponsors, offers in-depth information to students of all levels about such brain-related issues as the senses, memory, pleasure and pain, and mental disorders. Interactive Brain Atlas 2-D and 3-D views of the brain from cadaver sections, MRI scans, and computer reconstructions. Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science offers a basic introduction to brain science, its history, our current understanding of the brain, new developments, and future directions. It's Mindboggling Booklet A fun booklet about the brain and brain research from the Dana Alliance. id=5814

7 Brain and Nerves MedlinePlus will direct you to information to help answer health questions. MedlinePlus brings together authoritative information from NLM, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations. A Bit About Phrenology One may wonder why a long discredited pseudoscience would retain any interest for today's neurosurgeons and neuroscientists in general. Its history helps us to understand better the developments of concepts of the localization of cerebral functions, primarily those of the 19th century. phrenology.html Fly Brain Atlas and Database An Online Atlas and Database of the Drosophila Nervous System Brain Biodiversity Bank The Michigan State portal to the combined brain collections of the Mational Museum of Health and Medicine, Michigan State University and the University of Wisconsin.

8 The Brain of the Florida Manatee This project has provided the first complete sectioning of whole brains of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus laterostris). Nine brains were cut in different planes of section and stained for nerve cells and fibers. High Resolution Mouse Brain Atlas The mouse is generally recognized among biomedical scientists as a key mammal for research purposes, and is clearly the mammal of choice for the increasingly dominant field of genetic research. The mouse brain contains the same array of basic components laid out in a more linear pattern, and serves very well as an introduction to mammalian brain architecture in general. Delusional Parasitosis Delusional Parasitosis is a mistaken belief that one is being infested by parasites such as mites, lice, fleas, spiders, worms, bacteria, or other organisms. This site has been created in an attempt to centralize accurate information on this misunderstood and increasingly common syndrome. Seeing, Hearing and Smelling the World We can recognize a friend instantly full-face, in profile, or even by the back of his head. We can distinguish millions of shades of color, as well as 10,000 smells. We can feel a feather as it brushes our skin, hear the faint rustle of a leaf. It all seems so effortless: we open our eyes or ears and let the world stream in.

9 The Brain Effects of Stroke Your brain has three main components - the cerebrum (which consists of the left and right cerebral hemispheres), the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebral hemispheres of the brain make up the largest part of your brain. article_id=zzz0zfp46jc&sub_cat=75 The Whole Brain Atlas "This is your brain in pictures. The best visual representation of what's inside your head gets even better. How many other sites offer you the top 100 (actually 106) brain structures? A Bit About Phrenology How do you remember the way to your friend's house? Why do your eyes blink without you ever thinking about it? Where do dreams come from? Your brain is in charge of these things and a lot more. How Your Brain Works Every animal you can think of -- mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians -- has a brain. But the human brain is unique. It gives us the power to think, plan, speak, imagine... It is truly an amazing organ.

10 Brain Explorer An animated look at the brain, nerve transmission, and brain disorders. Brain Maps BrainMaps.org is an interactive multiresolution nextgeneration brain atlas that is based on over 20 million megapixels of sub-micron resolution, annotated, scanned images. Brain Basics: Know Your Brain The brain is the most complex part of the human body. This three-pound organ is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior. know_your_brain.htm Brain Injury: A Guide to Anatomy, Function and Symptoms This is from a lawyer s website but does have good information.

11 Comparative Brain Sizes Have you ever wondered what makes us humans different from, say, a rat? Have you ever wanted to see a cerebellum up close and personal? Have you ever wondered how intelligence is defined? Left Brain, Right Brain, Whole Brain? Here we will investigate current understanding of left-right brain functioning; look at some of the psychological and educational models which result; an examine some of the educational implications. What does Handedness have to do with Brain Lateralization? The term brain lateralization refers to the fact that the two halves of the human brain are not exactly alike. Each hemisphere has functional specializations: some function whose neural mechanisms are localized primarily in one half of the brain.

12 University of Florida Department of Neurosurgery PATIENT DISEASES AND CONDITIONS ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Acoustic Neuromas are benign slow growing tumors arising on the nerves of hearing and balance. ADULT BRAIN TUMORS Brain tumors are abnormal growths of cells located in the brain, or arising from the coverings of the brain. BRAIN ABSCESS Brain abscesses are caused by bacterial, fungal and parasitic organisms. Infections in other body organs such as pneumonia, dental abscess or endocarditis, may spread through the blood stream and lodge in the brain, leading to one or more brain abscesses. Epilepsy UNDERSTANDING SEIZURES AND THE TREATMENT OPTIONS A GUIDE FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY seizureguide.pdf

13 TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Each year in the United States 1.4 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Of these, about 50,000 die, 235,000 are hospitalized, and 1.1 million are treated and released from an emergency room. head_injury.shtml Mouse Party Mouse Party is designed to provide a small glimpse into the chemical interactions at the synaptic level that cause the drug user to feel 'high'. mouse.html How Drugs Can Kill The drugs of abuse may give the user a feeling of pleasure, but it is important to remember that they are toxic substances. We are constantly being made aware that long-term drug abuse can be bad for our health and that even a single use of a drug can kill. But did you ever wonder HOW drugs kill? Drugs of Abuse Drugs of Abuse abuse.html

14 Make a Mad, Mad, Mad, Neuron Build your own monster neural circuit madneuron.html How Neurons Talk to Each Other Reward pathways in the brain. The Other Brain Cells The structures within the brain are made up of about 100 billion neurons, as well as trillions of support cells called glia. Neurons may be the more important cells in the brain that relay messages about what you're thinking, feeling, or doing. But they couldn't do it without a little help from their friends, the glial cells. A Bit About Phrenology You can think of a brain pathway as a power line that connects two brain regions. Brain pathways are made up of interconnected neurons along which signals are transmitted from one brain region to another. pathways.html

15 Brain Imaging Technologies Modern brain imaging techniques like PET and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are becoming indispensible to researchers studying addiction and its effects on the brain. brainimage.html Discovering Addiction Genes Searching among all of our 20,000 or so genes for a few that are involved in a complex disease can be quite costly and time consuming. That is why researchers often use what they and others know about a disease to narrow their focus down to a smaller number of "candidate genes". Good Model Organisms for Addiction Research Decades ago, researchers first tested laboratory strains of rats and mice for specific addiction traits, such as high preference for certain drugs or alcohol. Since individuals within a laboratory strain are virtually identical, they all have the same addiction profile. neurobiol.html Environmental Risk Factors For Addiction Roughly 10% of all people who experiment with drugs become addicted. A combination of environmental and genetic factors influence the likelihood of addiction.

16 Addiction Treatments Past and Present In the past, society viewed drug addiction as a moral flaw. Popular "treatments" involved imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, and church-guided prayer. Not surprisingly, these methods were generally ineffective. treatments.html Mental Illness: The Challenge of Dual Diagnosis Mental illness and drug addiction often occur together. This condition of dual diagnosis presents a challenge to physicians. The patient has two brain diseases that influence one another, and which both need treatment. But why do mental illness and substance abuse so often occur together? mentalillness.html Ritalin and Cocaine: The Connection and the Controversy Ritalin is the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This treatment has helped thousands of people control their symptoms. But because Ritalin is a stimulant like cocaine, it may cause undesirable changes in the brain over time. Cannabis in the Clinic? The Medical Marijuana Debate MedlinePlus will direct you to information to help answer health questions. MedlinePlus brings together authoritative information from NLM, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations. marijuana.html