Basic Trends of Modern Software Development

Transcription

1 DITF LDI Lietišķo datorsistēmu programmatūras profesora grupa e-business Solutions Basic Trends of Modern Software Development

2 Mobile Development Trends

3 Need an App... 3

4 4

5

6

7

8 Popular Devices in Latvia

9 Versions in Latvia

10

11 Version Statistics December 2012

12 Version Statistics December 2012

13 Smartphone OS Market Share IDC, 2012 v

14 Cross-platform Mobile Development Application types Native Web Hybrid Cross-compile 14

15 Native Apps Built for a specific platform with the platform SDK, tools and languages, typically provided by the platform vendor 15

16 Native Apps + - Speed and reaction Only 1 platform Native look'n'feel New language? Native API Costs Debug + Profile App review time 16

17 When to use native app? Use native app if... You want to achieve native look and feel You need top performance You want to be on the app store(s) 17

18 The Mobile Server-side Web Uses HTML, JavaScript, CSS and runs in a devices browser 18

19 The Mobile Server-side Web Responsive Design Dynamically loads HTML content and assets Serves same HTML content and assets for every device and then scales via CSS using media queries screen and (max-width: 650px) 19

20 The Mobile Server-side Web 20

21 The Mobile Server-side Web + - Existing tools No license fees All platforms with browser, even your old Nokia Search engine No app stores Limited platform access (camera, calendar, etc) As fast as your browser, network latency 21

22 The Mobile Client-side Web Uses HTML5 + JavaScript and runs in a devices browser 22

23 The Mobile Client-side Web Sencha Touch JQueryMobile JQTouch KendoUI GWT Mobile 23

24 The Mobile Client-side Web + - Existing tools No license fees All platforms with browser Search engine No app stores Limited platform access (camera, calendar, etc) As fast as your browser, network latency 24

25 The Mobile Client-side Web Use the client-side web if... Need something that looks like an app, but care less for the sensors of your phone You want to prototype a service You need crossplatform app (not native) 25

26 Hybrid App HTML5 + JavaScript with a wrapper that gives it native capabilities 26

27 Hybrid App Run inside a native container to leverage the device s browser engine (but not the browser) Web-to-native abstraction layer enables access to device capabilities 27

28 Hybrid App + - Existing tools No license fees All platforms with browser As fast as your browser, network latency Search engine 28

29 Hybrid App Use hybrid approach if... You want to build your app based on HTML5 And need access to the phone's hardware 29

30 Interpreted and cross-compile 30

31 Interpreted and cross-compile Appcelerator Titanium JavaScript -> Native + Hybrid JS MonoTouch C# -> Native Apache Thrift Thrift definition -> Native QT 31

32 Interpreted and cross-compile Use interpreted or cross-compiled app if... You want to use one language to build them all Need access to the phone's hardware Need semi- or truly native look and feel / performance 32

33 Decision Factors App size and type Platforms Developers skills Budget Monetization User experience Importance of updates 33

34 Decision 34

35 Android platform Android is a Linux-based operating system and a software stack designed for mobile devices Key Applications Home, Phone, Browser Application Framework Java layer system services Middlewares Libraries, Dalvik VM Operating system Linux kernel 35

36 Android platform Developed by Google* 2005 purchased Android Inc 2007 established Open Handset Alliance (OHA) 2012 Oracle v. Google on Java API Compatibility Definition Document SDK + tools to create applications to certify devices 36

37 Android platform Main hardware platform for Android is ARM support for x86 from the Android x86 project Advanced RISC Machine 7.9 billion shipped in % smartphones 90% hard disk drives Reduced instruction set computing (RISC) Lower costs, Less heat, Less power usage Reduced complexity and simpler design Good interfacing to many devices 37

38 Android Anatomy 38

39 Android Linux Kernel Android kernel based on Linux 2.6 and 3.x (Android 4.0) Why Linux? Great memory and process management Permissions-based security model Proven driver model Support for shared libraries Open source 39

40 Android Linux Kernel Android is not Linux Users never see Linux sub system Not the full set of standard Linux utilities August 2011, Linus Torvalds - "eventually Android and Linux would come back to a common kernel, but it will probably not be for four to five years" 40

41 Android Linux Kernel Android patch of kernel enhancements Power Management Ashmem Binder IPC Low Memory Killer December Android Mainlining Project to put some Android drivers, patches and features back into the Linux kernel 41

42 Android Native Libraries 42

43 Android offer The first open* and comprehensive platform for mobile devices an operating system, user-interface and applications a mobile phone without the proprietary obstacles that have hindered mobile innovation an open-source development platform 43

44 Android offer Apps are equivalent parts of the phone using the same API Reuse and replacement of application components GSM, EDGE, 3G, 4G, LTE data transfer Comprehensive location-based APIs Wi-Fi hardware access and peer-to-peer connection 44

45 Android offer Full multimedia hardware control, media libraries APIs for sensor hardware Libraries for Bluetooth and NFC Shared data stores and APIs for contacts, social networking Background Services, applications, and processes Home-screen Widgets and Live Wallpaper 45