Matematički časopisi u svetu i kod nas: sadašnjost i budućnost Prezentacija (slajdovi) Milan Merkle emerkle@etf.

Transcription

1 Matematički časopisi u svetu i kod nas: sadašnjost i budućnost Prezentacija (slajdovi) Milan Merkle emerkle@etf.rs Materijal je namenjen isključivo za ličnu upotrebu i može se bez registracije skinuti iz Srbije na adresi Sačinjen je u cilju prezentacije na Matematičkom Institutu u Beogradu i na Univerzitetu u Nišu u okviru diskusije o položaju i vrednovanju časopisa i vrednovanju istraživačkog rada. Iako je većina izloženog materijala slobodno dostupna na Internetu, jedan deo podataka je skinut sa sistema koji su otvoreni samo pretplatnicima. Zbog mogućih pravnih posledica, molim svakog ko skine fajl sa prezentacijom da ga dalje ne distribuira, kao i da ga ne prezentira ni u celini ni u delovima u okviru neke druge javne prezentacije ili diskusije. Naravno, sadržaj teksta i ostalih delova prezentacije može se prepričati ili o njemu diskutovati bez ikakvih ograničenja.

2 PREDGOVOR Na stranicama koje slede nalazi se integralna prezentacija slajdova sa dva predavanja koja sam održao 18. januara i 1. februara godine na seminaru Matematičkog Instituta SANU. Predavanje od 1. februara je snimljeno i video zapis se može naći na sajtu Matematičkog instituta. U stvari, trebalo je to da bude jedno predavanje, ali zbog obimnog materijala i interesovanja prisutnih na prvom predavanju, odlučeno je da se zakaže i drugo, koje je bilo dostupno na Internetu preko video linka. Predavanje na istu temu održao sam i na Univerzitetu u Nišu, 7. februara godine, gde sam koristio jedan deo slajdova koji su ovde prikazani, za širu publiku u kojoj su bili istraživači iz raznih oblasti. Naslov predavanja je bio Matematički časopisi u svetu i kod nas: sadašnjost i budućnost. S obzirom da je tema rangiranja časopisa kod nas neraskidivo vezana za temu vrednovanja istraživača, na kraju je druga pomenuta tema prevagnula u mom izlaganju, a naročito u diskusijama. Spregu vrednovanja časopisa prema impakt faktoru sa kvantitativnim vrednovanjem istraživača koji su objavili rad u tom časopisu nazvao sam ifovanje 1 skraćeno od impaktfaktorovanje. Na stranicama koje slede nalaze se brojni argumenti protiv ifovanja, kao i mnogobrojna mišljenja matematičara širom sveta, malih ili velikih, koji su protiv ifovanja. Argumenti za ifovanje svode se na to da je to kriterijum koji isključuje subjektivnost. To je bio odličan argument kada smo počeli da ga primenjujemo devedesetih godina, ali su njegovom primenom evoluirale do tada minorne ili nepoznate pojave udruživanja autora, lovaca na impakt faktore, nelogičnih citiranja i samocitiranja, ogromnog porasta godišnjeg broja radova po autoru i časopisa grabljivica. Još jedan argument u korist ifovanju koji se čuo u diskusijama nakon predavanja je da Ministarstvo nema dovoljno finansijskih mogućnosti da bi moglo da sprovede kvalitativno (umesto sadašnjeg kvantitativnog) vrednovanja. Naime, za kvalitativno vrednovanje bilo bi potrebno angažovati ocenjivače projekata i istraživača, koje bi trebalo platiti. Motivacija za ovu prezentaciju bila su kretanja u svetskoj matematičkoj i uopšte naučnoj javnosti, o kojima mi se činilo da se malo ili nimalo zna kod nas. Ta kretanja nisu počela odskora, a sudeći po razvoju dogad aja u poslednje tri godine, izgleda da su blizu verovatnom raspletu koji bi mogao da dovede do potpune promene načina na koji matematičari publikuju svoje rezultate. S druge strane, rezultati različitih bibliografskih istraživanja govore o tome da se srpska matematička publikacija ističe u regionu kao vodeća, ne samo u matematici nego uopšte u nauci. Upravo zbog toga ne bi trebalo da dozvolimo da nam dogad aji koje drugi kreiraju budu nepoznati i da budemo poslednji koji će usvojiti promene i prilagoditi im se. U hronološkom redu, govorimo o sledećim dogad ajima i kretanjima: 2005 Judžin Garfild, tvorac impakt faktora i SCI liste piše da je impakt faktor bio smišljen za rangiranje časopisa, a da je njegova upotreba za rangiranje pojedinaca krajnje kontraverzna [I-17] Daglas Arnold, tadašnji predsednik SIAM-a, objavljuje članak u Siam News o zloupotrebama i malverzacijama od strane autora, glavih urednika i izdavača matematičkih časopisa. [I-21] 1 Engl. Ifomania, videti [I-47]. 2 I-17 znači prvi deo prezentacije, strana 17; ostale oznake analogno.

3 2010 (proleće) Evropsko matematičko društvo (EMS) formira etički komitet koji ima za cilj da napravi neku vrstu etičkog kodeksa koji bi bio preporučen svim učesnicima u procesu publikovanja matematičkih radova (Avgust) Svetsko matematičko društvo (IMU) objavljuje dokument pod nazivom Best Current Practices for Journals u kome se preporučuje etičko ponašanje autora, recenzenata, urednika i izdavača. Ovaj dokument je nastao kao reakcija na primećene zloupotrebe i malverzacije. ili izvorni sajt Svetsko matematičko društvo (IMU) formira radnu grupu koja ima za cilj da rangira matematičke časopise na drugačijoj osnovi od SCI/SCIE liste [I-37] 2011 (Novembar) IMU otvara blog o časopisima. U narednih godinu dana matematičari širom sveta izražavaju u velikoj većini svoj protest protiv bilo kakvog rangiranja. Veliki broj njih smatra da bi bilo kakvo rangiranje dovelo do sličnih ili istih zloupotreba i malverzacija kao i sa SCI listom. [I-37] 2012 Evropsko Matematičko društvo (EMS) usvaja dokument pod nazivom Code of Practice u kome se reguliše ponašanje svih učesnika u procesu publikovanja matematičkih publikacija. Izmed u ostalog, ifovanje se osud uje kao pogubno za nauku (grave danger). [II-28] 2012 (21. Januar) Tim Gowers, dobitnik Fields-ove medalje (1998) na svom blogu objavljuje protest protiv Elsevier-a: 3 Za dodatne informacije videti i -science-journals-to-open-access/ 2012 (Februar) Pokrenut je sajt ( thecostofknowledge.com) na kome je 34 vodećih svetskih matematičara potpisalo poziv na bojkot Elesevier-a. Do sada se pridružilo preko naučnika iz svih oblasti. [II-18] 2012 (Oktobar) Rukovod ena tekstovima sa IMU bloga, IMU raspušta radnu grupu i odustaje od bilo kakve klasifikacije časopisa. [I-48] 2013 (17. januar) U časopisu Nature najavljeno je da se po inicijativi Tim-a Gowers-a očekuje početak rada nekoliko open access matematičkih časopisa koji će biti povezani sa sistemom ArXiv-a ( Cornell University) koji bi trebalo da budu alternativa komercijalnim izdavačima. [II-13] 3 Linkovi koji se ovde citiraju nisu pomenuti u prezentaciji. Za Web informacije o ostalim dogad ajima i pokretima videti prezentaciju.

4 Na kraju, dužan sam da čitaocima ovog teksta (prvenstveno onima koji nisu slušali ili gledali predavanja) obrazložim zašto ovo pišem i pričam, budući da sam glavni urednik časopisa koji se prema Ministarstvu/Kobsonu klasifikuje kao Vrhunski med unarodni časopis (M21). Evo nekoliko razloga Ifovanje može da podigne časopis nakratko, ali ga uništava na duže staze, jer privlači lovce na impakt faktor koji pokušavaju da plasiraju svoje radove u neadekvatne časopise. Ifovanje može da koristi samo komercijalnim izdavačima koji unovčavaju svaki promil povećanja sopstvenog IF-a tako što podižu cenu časopisu. Ifovanje stvara ogroman pritisak na urednike časopisa i veliki deo posla se odnosi na pregled radova koji nemaju šansu da budu objavljeni. Procenat odbijenih radova je nenormalno visok, a vreme čekanja do odluke se enormno povećava. Ifovanje podstiče ne-etičko ponašanje svih strana, uključujući autore, urednike i recenzente. Ifovanje privlači klike autora koji se med usobno citiraju, veze izmed u koautora iz ne-naučnih motiva i na razne druge načine motiviše nedolično ponašanje svih učesnika u procesu. Bez ifovanja bismo radili onako kako treba a ne onako kako se mora. Promene su neminovne i bolje im se prilagoditi na vreme nego dozvoliti da nas pregaze dok bežimo od njih. Originalni tekst je neznatno izmenjen da bi se mogao pratiti bez propratnih usmenih komentara. Za pripremu predavanja koristio sam (osim na dva mesta) isključivo izvore sa Interneta. Svi izvori su navedeni u tekstu prezentacije. Osim MathSciNet/Math Reviews koji je dostupan samo autorizovanim korisnicima (može se koristiti u Matematičkom institutu) i Kobsona i sa njim povezanim servisima koji mogu da se vide samo iz akademske mreže ili sa ličnom lozinkom od kuće, svi ostali izvori su otvoreni za pristup. U predavanjima sam dao veći broj predloga koji možda u ovom trenutku izgledaju radikalno, ali verujem da bi bar neki od njih mogli biti usvojeni. Neki od tih predloga poklapaju se ili su veoma slični predlozima od strane akademika prof. Cvetkovića u njegovoj diskusiji na kraju prvog dela predavanja. Jedan koristan predlog sam izostavio, pa ću ga navesti na ovom mestu. U ovom trenutku, većina matematičara u Srbiji nema pristup MathSciNet/MathReviews-u. Iz razloga koji su mi nepoznati, servis za medicinare MedLine je dostupan preko KObson-a, dok MathSciNet nije. Napravljen od matematičara za matematičare, ovo je nezamislivo dobra podrška za pisanje i nalaženje radova i istraživanja u matematici. Pozivam nadležne da nam daju MathSciNet ako je to ikako moguće! Jedna interesantna stvar se desila sa ovim prezentacijama: iako nisam to štimovao, oba dela prezentacije imaju po 50 stranica, što zajedno čini okruglo 100. Lik detektiva Monka iz istoimene serije bi bio veoma srećan zbog toga, a i meni izgleda da je to dobar znak da smo nešto ipak pokrenuli iz mrtve tačke. Vreme će pokazati. U Beogradu, 8. februara 2013 Milan Merkle, emerkle@etf.rs

5 Matematički časopisi u svetu i kod nas: sadašnjost i budućnost Prvi deo Milan Merkle 0/49 Srbija - zemlja nauke Sveti impakt faktor Manipulacije i zloupotrebe Akcija i reakcija Matematički institut SANU, 18. januar 2013.

6 SRBIJA-ZEMLJA NAUKE SA AERODROMA (1) 1/49

7 SA AERODROMA (2) 2/49

8 KOLIKO IZDVAJA SRBIJA ZA NAUKU 3/49 A KOLIKO NEKE DRUGE ZEMLJE U PROCENTIMA BRUTO NACIONALNOG DOHOTKA PO STANOVNIKU

9 4/49 РАЗВОЈ СРПСКЕ НАУКE У СВЕТЛУ ЕВРОПСКИХ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈА Ђуро Кутлача, Душица Семенченко, Виктор Недовић и Јелена Колић Београд, 2011.

10 а НИИР рада као % БДП у гоо и на слици 8. 5/49 у у еврима, год. и трошкови за

11 SVETI IMPAKT FAKTOR 6/49 Liste i indeksi Impakt faktor za časopise JCR liste za matematiku AMS Reference list Vrednovanje istraživača prema impakt faktoru časopisa H-faktor i primeri Koliko radova godišnje?

12 LISTE I INDEKSI 7/49 Eugene Garfield and Citation index (Science 15 July 1955: Vol. 122 no pp DOI: /science ) Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by Eugene Garfield in ISI was producing scientific titles and abstracts in print format and by the year 1988 it was losing about $4 million a year. JPT invested tens of millions and converted the database into electronic and digital form. Thomson. ISI was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in 1992 (for $ 210 million) became known as Thomson ISI and now is part of the Healthcare & Science business of Thomson Reuters. ISI offered bibliographic database services. Its specialty is citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield. It maintains citation databases service Science Citation Index (SCI), as well as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). All of these are available via ISI s Web of Knowledge database service. The ISI also publishes the annual Journal Citation Reports (JCR) which list an impact factor for each of the journals that it tracks. Within the scientific community, journal impact factors play a large but controversial role in determining the kudos attached to a scientist s published research record. Thomson-Reuters. Thomson Reuters Corporation is a multinational media and financial-data firm based in New York City. It was created by the Thomson Corporation s purchase of Reuters Group on 17 April The Woodbridge Company, a holding company for the Thomson family of Canada, owns 53% of the group, which operates in 100 countries, and has 60,000 employees. Thomson Reuters was ranked as Canada s leading corporate brand in the 2010 Interbrand Best Canadian Brands ranking. It is headquartered at 3 Times Square, Manhattan, New York City. (Izvor: ) Zaključak: BIZNIS I VELIKI NOVAC!

13 Dve-tri moćne liste kompanije Thomson-Reuters 8/49 Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) Časopisi na ovoj listi su odabrani od Thomson-Reuters-ovog tima kao oni koji ispunjavaju odred ene bibliografske kriterijume, od kojih se ističe kao najvažniji redovnost izlaženja. Redovnost je važna jer se samo tako može izražunati relevantni IMPAKT FAKTOR časopisa. Science Citation Index (SCI) Prema Kobsonu: Science Citation Index lista časopisa je deo Science Citation Index Expanded liste. SCI lista se bazira na najuticajnijim časopisima: časopisi sa najvišim Impakt faktorom u svojoj naučnoj disciplini (oblasti) i ako je moguće, najbolje rangirani casopisi iz svakog regiona. SCI-expanded je postao svetski standard za pretraživanje i bibliometrijsku analizu. SCI se, zbog strogih kriterijuma, smatra kolekcijom časopisa sa najvišim Impakt faktorom, kolekcijom najuticajnijih med unarodnih i regionalnih časopisa. Izbor jednog časopisa za SCI listu smatra se prestižnim dostignućem. Journal Citation Report (JCR) Ovaj proizvod Thomson-Reuters-a je JEDINO MERILO učinka naučnih istraživača u mnogim zemljama gde je nauka slabo razvijena. Izveštaji u obliku tzv. JCR liste koji se objavljuju u junu svake godine za svaku naučnu disciplinu posebno, sadrže spisak časopisa koji su rangirani po svom impakt faktoru (IF) za prethodnu godinu. Kako doći na SCIE/JCR listu? Časopis se prijavi kompaniji Thomson-Reuters i treba da šalje po jedan primerak štampane verzije svakog broja. Posle nekoliko godina, dobije se obaveštenje da je časopis postavljen na SCIE listu (bez IF) a onda naredne godine časopis dobija svoj prvi IF. Primer: Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics Prvi broj: April Na SCIE listu smo postavljeni u junu 2010 bez IF. Prvi impakt faktor smo dobili 2011 (plava zona). Sledeće godine ušli smo u zelenu zonu po Kobsonu (IF= 0.754). Ko odlučuje? Mr. Rodney Chonka iz kompanije Thomson-Reuters.

14 Dear Prof. Merkle, I am pleased to inform you that this journal has been accepted for the following Thomson Reuters products beginning with volume 1(1) 2007: Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) including the Web of Science, ISI Alerting Service, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences (CC/PC&ES) Please continue to send issues to the attention of Publication Processing at our Philadelphia address as soon as they are published so that we may process them promptly for inclusion in our database. We look forward to coverage of this journal. Sincerely, Rodney Chonka Editor, Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences Healthcare & Science Thomson Reuters 9/49

15 IMPAKT FAKTOR ZA ČASOPISE 10/49 Ovo je još jedan proizvod kompanije Thomson-Reuters, smišljen od strane Eugene Garfield-a. Impakt faktor IF (g, J) za godinu g i za časopis J računa se po formuli gde je IF (g, J) = C g(g 1, J) + C g (g 2, J) N(g 1, J) + N(g 2, J) C g (y, J) Broj citata radova iz časopisa J koji su objavljeni u godini y a citirani u godini g. Računaju se samo citati u časopisima sa JCR liste. N(y, J) Broj radova u časopisu J u godini y. Impakt faktor za godinu g objavljuje se u junu godine g + 1. Primer: Časopis J je objavio u 2009 godini ukupno 30 radova, a u 2010 ukupno 27 radova. U 2011 godini ti radovi su citirani ukupno 29 puta. Impakt faktor za 2011 godinu (koji se objavljuje u junu 2012 godine) iznosi IF (2011, J) = =

16 LISTE ZA MATEMATIKU 11/49 JCR: Mathematics (289) JCR: Mathematics, applied (245) JCR: Mathematics, interdisciplinary applications (92) JCR: Statistics & Probability (116) AMS Reference list (516)

17 Kategorija: MATHEMATICS, prvih 10% (28 časopisa) Journal of the American Mathematical Society Foundations of Computational Mathematics Acta Mathematica Annals of Mathematics Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics Inventiones Mathematicae Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society Publications Mathematiques de L IHES Fixed Point Theory and Applications Journal of Differential Geometry Duke Mathematical Journal Nonlinear Analysis: Theory Methods and Applications Annales Scientifiques de L Ecole Normale Superieure Communications in Number Theory and Physics Journal of the European Mathematical Society Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Abstract and Applied Analysis Mathematische Annalen Geometry and Topology Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees Journal of Differential Equations Geometric and Functional Analysis Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations Journal of Integral Equations and Applications Compositio Mathematica Advances in Mathematics Analysis and Pde Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications Analysis and Applications Computational Complexity Constructive Approximation Transactions of the American Mathematical Society /49

18 Kategorija: MATHEMATICS, 30% (29 86, 58 časopisa) Prvi deo: Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications Analysis and Applications Computational Complexity Constructive Approximation Transactions of the American Mathematical Society Journal of Functional Analysis American Journal of Mathematics Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems Journal Fur Die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik Random Structures and Algorithms Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu International Mathematics Research Notices Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications Journal of Computational Mathematics Fixed Point Theory Michigan Mathematical Journal Potential Analysis Journal of Modern Dynamics Discrete and Computational Geometry Journal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis Journal of Algebraic Geometry Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems Logic Journal of the LGPL Boundary Value Problems Carpathian Journal of Mathematics Expositiones Mathematicae Communications in Partial Differential Equations Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B Indiana University Mathematics Journal Journal of Evolution Equations Selecta Mathematica, New Series Journal of Topology /49

19 Kategorija: MATHEMATICS, 30% (29 86, 57 časopisa) Drugi deo: Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici Revista Matematica Iberoamericana Journal of Symplectic Geometry Advances in Difference Equations Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A Journal of Noncommutative Geometry Journal of Convex Analysis Calcolo Interfaces and Free Boundaries Journal of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series Journal d Analyse Mathematique Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Society. Ser Combinatorics Probability and Computing Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications Journal of Geometric Analysis Integral Transforms and Special Functions Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics Journal of K-Theory Mathematische Zeitschrift Israel Journal of Mathematics Mathematical Research Letters Documenta Mathematica Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Semigroup Forum Advances in Differential Equations Linear and Multilinear Algebra Journal of Inequalities and Applications Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications /49

20 Kategorija: MATHEMATICS, (87-100) Semigroup Forum Advances in Differential Equations Linear and Multilinear Algebra Journal of Inequalities and Applications Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems Science in China. Series A: Mathematics Annali della Scoula Normale Superiore di Pisa, Claase di Scienze Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis Numerical Mathematics - Theory Methods and Applications Advances in Calculus of Variations Transformation Groups /49 UKUPAN BROJ ČASOPISA NA SCI LISTI: Mathematics: 289 Mathematics, Applied: 245 Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications: 92 Statistics & Probability: 116

21 AMS REFERENCE LIST AMS reference list sadrži trenutno 516 časopisa (od ). januara 16/49 Dva srpska časopisa su na ovoj listi: Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics i Publ. Inst. Math. (Beograd) (N.S.). Computers and Mathematics with Applications Impakt faktori se razlikuju od JRC (manji su).

22 Forsiranjem nekih oblasti lake matematike koje nemaju nikakav stvarni značaj, a imaju puno ljudi i citiranosti obezvred uje se svaki smisao pored enja naučnika prema sopstvenoj citiranosti ili prema impakt faktoru časopisa u kome objavljuje. VREDNOVANJE ISTRAŽIVAČA PREMA IMPAKT FAKTORU ČASOPISA 17/49 The use of journal impact factors instead of actual article citation counts to evaluate individuals is a highly controversial issue Eugene Garfield The Agony and the Ecstasy: The History and Meaning of the Journal Impact Factor (2005) link na Kobsonu) Impakt faktor je merilo citiranosti časopisa i trebalo bi da se koristi isključivo u svrhu pored enja časopisa po tom kriterijumu. Impakt faktor u mnogim slučajevima ne odražava ni stvarni uticaj časopisa na razvoj naučne oblasti koju objavljuje. Objavljivanje rada u časopisu sa visokim impakt faktorom ne garantuje da će taj rad imati bilo kakvu citiranost. U mnogim slučajevima je lakše objaviti rad u časopisu B nego u časopisu A, iako je IF (A) < IF (B). Pošto se istraživači vrednuju prema impaktu časopisa, oni su motivisani i naterani da objavljuju radove u neadekvatnim časopisima. Istraživač koji bi svoj rad (prema oblasti) trebalo da objavi u časopisu A, odlučuje da ga objavi u časopisu B samo zato što je IF (A) < IF (B). Na taj način se smanjuje potencijalno citiranje dotičnog rada! Moj primer. Visoka citiranost naučnika nije garancija da je njegov rad značajan u bilo kom smislu niti da će ostaviti bilo kakav trag u matematici. Pojavom velikog broja grabljivaca (predators), kako časopisa tako i pojedinaca, značaj impakt faktora je obezvred en i doveden do apsurda.

23 H-FAKTOR I PRIMERI 18/49 Istraživač koji ima N objavljenih radova ima indeks H = h ako h od tih radova imaju najmanje h citata, a ostalih N h radova imaju najvise h citata. Jorge E. Hirsch, An index to quantify an individuals scientific research output, Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA in: Proc. National Academy Sci USA, 102 (2005), ; Faktor H je neopadajuća funkcija vremena: sa vremenom, tj. godinama proteklim od prvog objavljenog rada može samo da raste. sa PRIMERI (prema Math Reviews): Ja imam H = 5 sa 35 objavljenih radova (prvi rad 1974, kao student druge godine ETF-a). Dobitnik Abelove nagrade za 2012 godinu, Endre Szemerédi ima H = 24 i 173 publikovana rada (prvi rad 1964). N.N. iz Srbije ima H = 21 sa 334 publikovana rada (prvi rad 1996). Kada je lansiran H-faktor smatralo se da je on idealna mera kvaliteta naučnog rada... Svako merenje menja sistem koji se meri! DA LI KVANTITET UVEK PRELAZI U KVALITET?

24 KOLIKO RADOVA GODIŠNJE PUBLIKUJU MATEMATIČARI IZ VODEĆIH INSTITUCIJA U SVETU? 19/49 Godišnja produkcija radova po istraživaču University of Chicago 1.38 Berkeley University 1.65 Princeton University 1.83 Imperial College London 1.87 Harvard University 1.89 IMPA Rio de Janeiro 2.03 Izvor: Nedeljnik Veja, Rio de Janeiro, 22. mart 2011.

25 MANIPULACIJE I ZLOUPOTREBE 20/49 Časopisi i njihovo muvanje Urednici i zloupotrebe Autori - organizovani zločinački poduhvat

26 Douglas N. Arnold School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota 21/49 Arnold, Douglas N. * Earliest Indexed Publication: 1979 * Total Publications: 70 * Total Citations: 2341 * Main area: Numerical analysis Integrity Under Attack: The State of Scholarly Publishing, SIAM NEWS 42, No 10, December 2009 INS: Arnold on sci frauds.pdf [4]

27 Integrity Under Attack: The State of Scholarly Publishing By Douglas N. Arnold Scientific journals are surely important. They provide the most effective means for disseminating and archiving scientific results, and so are a key part of an enterprise on which our health, security, and prosperity ultimately depend. Publications are used by universities, funding agencies, and others as a primary measure of research productivity and impact. They play a decisive role in hiring, promotion, and salary decisions, and in the ranking of departments, institutions, even nations. With big rewards tied to publication, it is not surprising that some people engage in unethical behavior, abuse, and downright fraud. Still, when I started to look at the issues more closely, I was appalled by what I found. In this column, I give a few troubling examples of misconduct by authors and by journals in applied mathematics. One conclusion I draw is that common bibliometrics such as the impact factor for journals and citation counts for authors are easily manipulated not only in theory, but also in practice, and that their use in ranking and judging should be curtailed. SIAM places great value on scholarly publishing, of course, and we are taking strong actions to ensure the integrity of our own publications and to protect our authors from theft of their work. But we are still struggling to decide just what actions we should take. So I invite the thoughts of members of the SIAM community. If you have witnessed troubling incidents in journal publication, let me know. Do you think such incidents are on the rise? Should SIAM be doing more? Should we look beyond our own publications and authors? Author misconduct most obviously verbatim plagiarism, but also more subtle appropriation of ideas and duplicate publication has always been with us. At SIAM, however, our impression is that the problem is becoming far more common. Perhaps even more disturbing is journal misconduct, carried out by publishers and editors, often with an evident profit motive. One example is a sloppy or sham peer review process designed to produce the impression of a serious scholarly journal without the substance. Another is the deliberate manipulation of citation statistics in order to raise the impact factor or other journal bibliometrics. A recent case involving SIAM brings in both author and journal misconduct. A paper published in a SIAM journal in 2008 was plagiarized essentially verbatim from a preprint version posted by the authors on the web. A copied version of the paper appeared in the International Journal of Statistics and Systems in the same year with different title and authors. SIAM's publisher, vice president for publications, executive director, and I undertook a full investigation, which required nearly six months. The case got messier and more disturbing week by week. I decided that our final report on it should be made fully public; it is available on the web, where you can read the details. 1 Meanwhile, here are some of the sad conclusions. Based on the papers that we reviewed, we determined that the suspect authors had committed plagiarism in this and various other cases. At least 1

28 four articles published under their names in four different journals are essentially verbatim copies of the articles of other authors, and we have reason to believe that there are other cases as well. The journal publisher, Research India Publications, publishes nearly 50 journals, many related to applied mathematics, but did not respond to our inquiries about the plagiarized article. We contacted the editor-in-chief listed on the journal web page, but he himself has been unable to contact the journal! After learning about this incident from us, he submitted his resignation to the journal but has received no response from the publisher; his name, along with those of numerous other distinguished mathematicians, remains on the journal website. Rumors of editor and journal misconduct have dominated the highly publicized case of the applied math journal Chaos, Solitons and Fractals (CSF), published by Elsevier. As reported in a 2008 article in Nature, 2 Five of the 36 papers in the December issue of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals alone were written by its editor-in-chief, Mohamed El Naschie. And the year to date has seen nearly 60 papers written by him appear in the journal. In fact, of the 400 papers by El Naschie indexed in Web of Science, 307 were published in CSF while he was editor-in-chief. This extremely high rate of selfpublication by the editor-in-chief led to charges that normal standards of peer-review were not upheld at CSF; it has also had a large effect on the journal s impact factor. (Thomson Reuters calculates the impact factor of a journal in a given year as C/A, where A is the number of articles published in the journal in the preceding two years, and C is the number of citations to those articles from articles indexed in the Thomson Reuters database and published in the given year.) El Naschie s papers in CSF make 4992 citations, about 2000 of which are to papers published in CSF, largely his own. In 2007, of the 65 journals in the Thomson Reuters category Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications, CSF was ranked number 2. Another journal whose high impact factor raises eyebrows is the International Journal of Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation (IJNSNS), founded in 2000 and published by Freund Publishing House. For the past three years, IJNSNS has had the highest impact factor in the category Mathematics, Applied. There are a variety of connections between IJNSNS and CSF. For example, Ji-Huan He, the founder and editor-in-chief of IJNSNS, is an editor of CSF, and El Naschie is one of the two co-editors of CSF; both publish copiously, not only in their own journals but also in each other's, and they cite each other frequently. Let me describe another element that contributes to IJNSNS's high impact factor. The Institute of Physics (IOP) publishes Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). Conference organizers pay to have proceedings of their conferences published in JPCS, and, in the words of IOP, JPCS asks Conference Organisers to handle the peer review of all papers. Neither the brochure nor the website for JPCS lists an editorial board, nor does either describe any process for judging the quality of the conferences. Nonetheless, Thomson Reuters counts citations from JPCS in calculating impact factors. One of the 49 volumes of JPCS in 2008 was the proceedings of a conference organized by IJNSNS editor-in-chief He at his home campus, Shanghai Donghua University. This one volume contained 221 papers, with 366 references to papers in IJNSNS and 353 references to He. To give you an idea of the effect of this, had IJNSNS not received a single citation in 2008 beyond the ones in this conference proceedings, it would still have been assigned a larger impact factor than any SIAM journal except for SIAM Review. Another example of journal misconduct was revealed with an element of comedy. In CRAP paper accepted for publication, published online in June in Science News, senior editor Janet Raloff 3 described an experiment in which Cornell graduate student Philip Davis and a friend used a computer program, SCIgen, to generate a random document; the grammar and vocabulary were those of a 2

29 computer science research paper, but the document was completely free of meaningful content. (The paper opens, Compact symmetries and compilers have garnered tremendous interest from both futurists and biologists in the last several years. The flaw of this type of solution, however, is that DHTs can be made empathic, large-scale, and extensible.'' Four pages later, it concludes, We expect to see many futurists move to studying TriflingThamyn in the very near future. Indeed!) The paper was submitted to The Open Information Science Journal (TOISCIJ), published by Bentham Science, a publisher of more than 200 open-access scientific journals (many of which, according to the publisher s website, have high impact factors). Although the paper was submitted under pseudonyms and with the give-away affiliation Center for Research in Applied Phrenology, or CRAP, Davis was notified four months later that the submitted article has been accepted for publication after peer-reviewing process in TOISCIJ. Following the open-access model, the publisher told the authors that the paper would be published as soon as they sent a check for $800. (They declined to do so.) The cases I have recounted are appalling, but clear-cut. Perhaps even more dangerous are the less obvious cases: publishers who do not do away with peer review, but who adjust it according to nonscientific factors; journals that may not engage in wide-scale and systematic self-citation, but that apply subtle pressures on authors and editors to adjust citations in favor of the journal, rather than based on scholarly grounds; authors who may not steal text verbatim, but who lift ideas without giving proper credit. These are much harder to measure and adjudicate. What do you think? Are such practices significantly distorting the scientific literature or enterprise? Do you have a story of such dubious practices to tell? One conclusion that I am ready to draw is that we need to back away from the use of bibliometrics like the impact factor in judging scientific quality. It has long been noted that what the impact factor measures is not well correlated with the quality of a journal, and even much less with the scientific quality of the papers appearing in it or of the authors of those papers. In our field, the 2008 IMU- ICIAM-IMS report Citation Statistics 4 made that case eloquently. Less emphasized has been that these metrics are open to gaming, and are in fact being gamed; in some cases they are likely a better indicator of the unscrupulousness of the authors, editors, or publishers than of the quality of their work. Frequently, I hear of technical solutions, proposed in the hope that an adjustment to the formula for example, increasing the time frame for the impact factor from 2 to 5 years, or excluding self-citations will solve the problem. Such remedies, in my opinion, are doomed to failure. The numbers of citations to mathematical articles are small integers, with excellent papers often drawing lifetime totals of only tens or hundreds of citations, and such numbers are easily manufactured. What one editor can do in one journal by self-citation, a pair of editors can do with two journals without self-citation. Counting can never replace expert opinion. What can we, as concerned scientists, do? Of course, the first step is to look to ourselves: As scientists, we should place great emphasis on scientific integrity, in what we write and what we review. Ask yourself some questions before lending your name to a journal as an editor. Does that journal hew to high standards of peer review? Does it have clear policies and mechanisms for enforcing them? Is its output a useful addition to the sprawling scientific literature? We also need to educate others, not only our students, but also our colleagues and administrators and managers. The next time you are in a situation where a publication count, or a citation number, or an impact factor is brought in as a measure of quality, raise an objection. Let people know how easily these can be, and are being, manipulated. We need to look at the papers themselves, the nature of the citations, and the quality of the journals. I look forward to learning from the experiences and thoughts of the SIAM community. You can reach me at president@siam.org. 3

30 1 2 Nature, vol. 456, 27 November 2008, page CRAP _paper_accepted_for_publication 4 4

31 M. Sivasubramanian, S. Kalimuthu A Computer Application In Mathematics, Computers and Mathematics with Applications 59 (2010) /49 IF (2010) = Mathematics, Applied: 33/236 INS: CAM on geometry with applications.pdf [2]

32 Computers and Mathematics with Applications 59 (2010) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Mathematics with Applications journal homepage: A computer application in mathematics M. Sivasubramanian a,, S. Kalimuthu b a Department of Mathematics, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu , India b 212/4, Kanjampatti P.O., Pollachi via, Tamilnadu , India a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 15 April 2009 Accepted 20 July 2009 In this study, a computer application was used to solve a mathematical problem Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Number theory Algebra Geometry Euclidean postulates Non-Euclidean geometries and physical applications to geometry 1. Introduction Geometry is the second field of mathematics. It is the extension of number theory. There is no exact period for the origin of classical geometry. Euclid was the first mathematician who compiled Elements which contains propositions and constructions. In Elements, Euclid assumed five postulates. Euclid could not prove the parallel postulate. After Euclid almost all mathematicians attempted to deduce the fifth postulate from the first four postulates. But unfortunately all of them failed. The studies on this famous historical problem gave birth to two consistent models of non-euclidean geometries. These affine geometries are widely used in quantum physics and relativistic mechanics. Also, the surveys and research led to a number of propositions equivalent to the fifth postulate. Saccheri s similar triangle proposition is well known equivalent axiom to the parallel postulate. In this work the authors derive the preliminary result and sincerely propose the open problem by using a physical phenomena. 2. Preliminary result In classical and Riemannian geometries we can construct similar triangles. But it is impossible to draw a triangle similar to the given triangle in Lobachevskian geometry. Let ABC be the given Lobachevskian triangle. Magnify this triangle. And let A 0 B 0 C 0 be the magnified triangle of the given Lobachevskian triangle ABC. It is well known that in magnification the angles are preserved. So, the Lobachevskian triangles ABC and A 0 B 0 C 0 are similar. Without assuming Euclid s fifth postulate, we have derived this preliminary result. This establishes Saccheri s theorem [1 4]. But it has been shown once and for all that the fifth postulate is a special case. The authors have proved this impossibility in their paper [5,6]. Corresponding author. addresses: profpk49@yahoo.com (M. Sivasubramanian), ohm@budweiser.com (S. Kalimuthu) /$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.camwa

33 M. Sivasubramanian, S. Kalimuthu / Computers and Mathematics with Applications 59 (2010) Conclusion Computer magnification is a Universal computer phenomenon. This technique is applied in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, architecture, particle physics, genetics, microbiology and in chemistry. Without magnification, deep studies and research are impossible. For the first time in the history of mathematics, the authors applied magnification technology and obtained a solution for a nearly 4300 year old parallel postulate problem. In brief an impossible proposition was proved as possible. This is a problematic problem. Further studies will give birth to a new branch of mathematical science. Acknowledgements The authors thank the Chairman Emeritus Dr. N. Mahalingam, Chairman Shri. M. Manickam, the Correspondent Shri. Shankar Vanavarayar, the Secretary Prof. C. Ramasamy, the Director Dr. S. Vijayarangan, the Principal Dr. V.V. Sreenarayanan and the Head of the Department of Mathematics Dr. M. Palanivel for their encouragement for the preparation of this paper. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] M. Sivasubramanian, S. Kalimuthu, On the new branch of mathematical science, Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 04 (2) (2008) [6] M. Sivasubramanian, S. Kalimuthu, On the new branch of mathematical science Part 2, Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 04 (3) (2008)

34 I JOŠ JEDAN RAD 29/49 Applied Mathematics Letters, 2010 IF(2010) = Mathematics, Applied: 73/236 INS: MR:-new-theory.pdf [1]

35 Previous Up Next Article Citations From References: 0 From Reviews: 0 MR (2011f:51018) 51M04 Sivasubramanian, M. (6-MCET-M) New parallel theory. (English summary) Appl. Math. Lett. 23 (2010), no. 9, Summary: It is well known that for a given line, there is only one parallel line through a point in Euclidean space, there are many parallel lines through a point in Lobachevskian space and there are no parallel through a point in spherical space. But in this work, the author has attempted and showed that there is a set of parallel segment spheres. {For additional information pertaining to this item see [Appl. Math. Lett. 24 (2011), no. 3, 406; MR ].} REVISED (May, 2011) Current version of review. Go to earlier version. c Copyright American Mathematical Society 2011, 2013

36 AUTORI - ORGANIZOVANI ZLOČINAČKI PODUHVAT 31/49 Klike autora koji se uzajamno citiraju U nekim slučajevima je praktično nemoguće naći recenzenta van klike. To je indikacija da je oblast kojom se rad bavi kontaminirana Ipak mnogi časopisi objavljuju te radove jer je izvesno da im donose visok IF. Kopiranje teksta iz svojih ili tud ih radova Autori koji ne znaju kako da napišu uvod, kopiraju ga ponekad i u celini iz drugih radova Pozajmljivanje ideja bez navod enja izvora Potpuni plagijati nisu retki Slanje istog rada u više čaopisa istovremeno Ista ideja u više radova, apsurdne generalizacije. Na sreću, postoji internet, ali nije uvek lako naći trag! Timski rad?

37 AKCIJA I REAKCIJA 32/49 Kako se ocenjuju istraživači u razvijenim zemljama? Kome odgovara IF? Kome ne odgovara IF? IMU - Svetsko matematičko društvo

38 Kako se vrednuju istraživači u razvijenim zemljama? 33/49 Ja se ne razumem previse u te impakt faktore, ali pretpostavljam da je to dobro, i vremenom ce biti sve bolje i bolje. (Bivša asistentkinja koja je otišla iz Srbije i tamo objavila rad u Annals of Mathematics u mejlu u kome odgovara na moje hvaljenje da je AADM postigao veliki impakt faktor). Ni kvantitet radova niti impakt faktor časopisa nisu presudni u vrednovanju. Oblasti kojima se bave i uticaj na razvoj tih oblasti. Ko će to da odredi kad niko nije pop svom selu? Imamo puno matematičara po svetu, neka nam oni kažu.

39 KOME ODGOVARA VREDNOVANJE PREKO IF? 34/49 Izdavačkim firmama Komisijama za vrednovanje (samo sabiraju poene) Komisijama za unapred enje i izbor: dovoljno je da znaju da sabiraju! Naučnicima, jer imaju jednostavan algoritam šta treba da rade da bi napredovali. Treba samo da skupljaju poene! Pozitivna povratna sprega u sistemu vrednovanja časopisa i naučnika dovodi do neograničenog porasta IF.

40 KOME NE ODGOVARA VREDNOVANJE PREKO IF? 35/49 NAUCI PRE SVEGA Naučnicima koji nisu dovoljno inteligentni da shvate da treba da skupljaju poene umesto da se bave naukom

41 . 36/49 INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS Avgust 2010 Novembar Oktobar 2012.

42 BLOG on Mathematical Journals Posted on November 18, 2011 Information technology is changing the journal publication landscape in many ways. Some changes are all for the better; for instance, the availability of electronic versions of a paper makes the content much more widely accessible. Other changes are more controversial, or even almost universally condemned. Calls have been made for professional societies to formulate official positions on some of these. In order to assess the views of the international mathematical community on journal-related issues, IMU (INTER- NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION) and ICIAM (THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS) have created the BLOG on Mathematical Journals that will be hosted by the IMU website An important issue that IMU and ICIAM want to address is JOURNAL RATING. The past few decades have seen the emergence of indices or factors that try to quantify this information, by tracking various quantitative statistics. This has resulted in ratings of journals, which are then used (and misused) in a variety of ways. In response to this, the General Assembly of the IMU passed in August 2010 the resolution... to create a Working Group jointly with ICIAM to study this issue and to suggest a different ways of journal ranking. The joint Working Group created by the IMU and ICIAM has complete its work and has made a REPORT: 37/49

43 ... We propose that each rated journals be assigned to one of four tiers. 38/49 Tier 1: A top journal in mathematics or a major subfield of it. Almost all papers published are of very high quality, and it regularly publishes papers that are of great signiificance. Peer-review is applied consistently and rigorously, and editorial work is carried out by leading mathematicians. Tier 2: Very strong journal with a carefully run and reliable peer-review process. Papers are generally of high quality, and regularly papers are published which are of significant importance in at least a subfield of mathematics. Tier 3: Solid journal that generally publishes reputable work and follows accepted practices of peer review, but are generally less selective than journals of Tier 2, and paper quality is more variable. Such journals may play an important role in specific communities, but are usually not considered highly important to mathematics or a subfield globally. Tier 4: Journals not found to meet the standards of the other tiers.... A first public forum on the report, at a minisymposium at the ICIAM conference in July 2011, showed that the issue and the report evoked strong reactions in many different directions. In order to get a wider community response, it was decided to open a blog in which all mathematicians could contribute their views on the recommendations of the report.

44 We invite the mathematical community to provide their views on the journal rating issue, and on whether IMU and ICIAM should formulate their own rating. Views on how to establish and update this rating would also be welcome. The Moderating Group (appointed by ICIAM and IMU jointly) consists of Doug Arnold, Carol Hutchins, Nalini Joshi, Peter Olver, Fabrice Planchon and Tao Tang, with Peter Olver as chair. We invite you to submit your comments below! Ingrid Daubechies, President, IMU Barbara Lee Keyfitz, President, ICIAM BLOG on Mathematical Journals Posted on November 18, /49 Keyfitz, Barbara Lee Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, * Earliest Indexed Publication: 1970 * Total Publications: 66 * Total Citations: 578 * Main area: Partial differential equations

45 Johannes Huebschmann on December 10, 2011: professor USTL, UFR de Mathmatiques, CNRS-UMR 8524, Villeneuve d Ascq Cedex, France 40/49 Huebschmann, Johannes * Earliest Indexed Publication: 1977 * Total Publications: 70 * Total Citations: 494 * Main areas: Global analysis, Group theory. I am against mathematics journal ranking, for the reasons given by others. In particular I very much share the views of J. Ball and I. Ekeland. In case the international mathematics community is really forced to pursue this issue, the only reasonable journal rating I can see would be journals meeting the standard journals below standards.

46 Jean-Paul Allouche on November 19, 2011 at 11:55 said: Directeur de Recherche CNRS, Paris 41/49 Allouche, Jean-Paul * Earliest Indexed Publication: 1977 * Total Publications: 129 * Total Citations: 779 * Main area: Number Theory Though I fully understand the reasons for creating a homemade ranking, though I fully agree with the opinions about dangers and or stupidities of all other ways of ranking, I am *strongly* against creating any ranking. My reasons are the evident ones: no really serious ranking is possible, but also any ranking is *certainly* going to be misused at some point. An intense campaign of continuous lobbying by mathematicians showing the absurdity of *any* ranking seems to me largely better (after all mathematicians are probably *the* people who can prove that absurdity).

47 Stefan Samko on November 20, 2011 at 00:00 said: Professor Jubilado, Universidade do Algarve 42/49 Samko, Stefan Grigorevich * Earliest Indexed Publication: 1965 * Total Publications: 215 * Total Citations: 1860 * Main area: Real functions, Operator Theory In support of the attitude of the working group, all my experience, as well as that of many my coauthors and colleagues shows that Impact Factor approach to the evaluation of our research in mathematics is dangerous indeed, because it allows for administrations, panels and so on to judge formally knowing nothing about the level of the resarch and its actuality.