SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE USA AND CANADA

Transcription

1 SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE USA AND CANADA (Year Ending June 1970) James L. Troupin, M.D., FA.P.H.A. THIS annual report deals with certain features and activities of the schools of public health of the United States and Canada, and attempts to discern trends. It is a condensed version of a 36-page report which is available from the Book Service, APHA, 1740 Broadway, New York, N. Y (Price, $1). This report is made possible only through the generous cooperation of the schools of public health, and of the Association of Schools of Public. Each school has filled out a questionnaire at the end of the academic year, in addition to supplying data on faculty members and students. This year data are presented on 18 accredited institutions, though 19 schools are listed, including one newly accredited. The presentation of information on finances has not been completely satisfactory because of a lack of uniformity among educational institutions in their accounting practices. In previous years, an attempt was made to list sources of funds (income), and to record expenditures separately. Also, the fact that final figures for the year ending on June 30 might not be ready in some universities until six or more months later was a distinct handicap in the collection of data. A committee of the Association of Schools of Public proposed a format which, it is claimed, has more meaning for the schools, and (in the case of the USA schools) for members of Congress and state legislatures and others in a position to influence financial support to professional education. The annual questionnaire included this proposed format, though it does not, in the accounting sense, represent a financial statement. Instead, it deals only with income items. The difficult question of how to present financial data has not been finally settled, and shall continue to be studied in future years. Therefore, in order to achieve a certain stability, figures are presented for the preceding year. For example, in this report, which in all other aspects pertains to the academic year , the financial data refer to In Table 1, details for the "current" year ( ) are given. The data presented for teaching personnel are based upon a definition adopted by the Association of Schools of Public, as follows: "Faculty members shall be determined (a) by counting the number of professors, associate professors, and assistant professors who serve full time in the school of public health, and (b) by adding thereto the number of other persons holding academic appointments stated in terms of full-time equivalents as computed on the basis of the approximate proportion of time spent in instruction and related activities specifically for the graduate students enrolled in the school of public health." Table gives the number of faculty and staff members, expressed as full- DECEMBER

2 Table 1-Financial statement: public health) (18 schools of A. Basic institutional support $0,496, Allocated by university $ 9,005,031. Other income 6,110,39 3. Indirect costs 5,381,036 B. Grants and contracts $50,440, From federal sources $44,431,95. From other sources 6,008,75 Total $70,936,506 Table -Faculty and staff members by full-time status, part-time status, and subject taught Part-timet Full- Full- Employed Employed time time in uni- outside Subject faculty* staff* versity university Emeritust Total Administration or practice of public health Aerospace medicine Behavioral and social sciences Biostatistics Chronic diseases Dental public health Environmental health Epidemiology education International health Maternal and child health Medical care and hospital administration Mental health Microbiology and laboratory public health Nutrition, biochemistry Occupational health Physiological hygiene Populational studies, demography Public health nursing Radiological science Rehabilitation, physical therapy Social work in public health Tropical medicine, entomology, parasitology Veterinary public healtl Other subjects Total * According to definition. f Expressed in terms of full-time equivalents. I Emeritus not counted in total (3) (4) (75) , VOL. 60. NO. 1, A.J.P.H.

3 SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE USA AND CANADA time equivalents, in accordance with the definition. These figures do not represent the true teaching potentialities of the schools, since there are included staff members (at all ranks) who are employed on a short-term basis on grantsupported funds. Another possible source of misinformation may be in the numbers of doctoral degree candidates who are also employed on the staff and who are included in these figures. A total of,981 graduate students was reported as registered in the 18 schools of public health in the year A small number was registered primarily in another part of the university and followed some studies in the school of public health. Furthermore, M.P.H. M.S.Hyg. M.S.P.H. M.H.A. Ph.D. M.S. Dr.P.H. M.P.H.Ed. D.P.H. M.H.Serv.Adm. M.S.(Nutr.) Dr.Sc.Hyg. M.S.(Biost.) M.S.(Admin.Med.) M.P.H. & T.M. M.S.(Hosp.Adm.) M.S.(Env.Eng.) D.H.A. Dr.Sc. D.D.P.H. Dip. Bact. M.S.(Nursing) M.S.(Demog.) M.S.( Planning) M.S.(Comm. & Soc. Psych.) M.S.(Rad.H.) M.S.S. M.S.(Env.H.) Dip. Nutr. C.P.H. Others* Total Table 3-Degrees awarded during the year by grouping M.P.H. M.S.P.H. M.Hosp. D.P.H. M.S.Hyg. Adm. Other Dr. Sc.D. etc. etc. etc. master's P.H. Sc.D.Hyg. Ph.D. Total 1,08 _ , ~ _ _ _ , * Others includes: M.Ind.H.; D.V.P.H.; D.I.H.; M.S.(Epid.); M.S.(Biost.). -_ _- 4 -_- -_- - _ ,741 DECEMBER

4 Table 4-Degrees awarded during the year M.P.H. M.S.P.H. M.Hosp. D.P.H. M.S.Hyg. Adm. Other Dr. Sc.D. etc. etc. etc. master's P.H. Sc.D.Hyg. Ph.D. Total North Carolina Michigan California Johns Hopkins U.C.L.A Pittsburgh Minnesota Harvard Puerto Rico Columbia Tulane Toronto Hawaii Yale Loma Linda Oklahoma Montreal Texas Total 1, ,741 while a number of students entered a one-year curriculum, others were there for two or more years, so that figures presented on the basis of registration would not be meaningful. Instead, the ensuing data refer to the 1,741 students who received graduate degrees between July 1, 1969, and June 30, This year the schools of public health awarded 35 graduate degrees, whose comparability one with another is impossible to work out. They are grouped into seven categories for clarity and convenience (Table 3). A complete reform of the degree structure is indicated. A simple, but meaningful, system would feature two degrees at the mraster's level and two degrees at the doctor's level (one technical or scientific and the other general or administrative at each level). The degrees and diplomas awarded by the 18 schools of public health between July 1, 1969, and 398 June 30, 1970, are enumerated in Table 4. The schools are listed in Table 5. In spite of the proliferation of degrees in recent vears, the creation of a new program leading to the Master of Sciences (M.H.S.) in one of the schools holds forth a promise of clarification in the present chaos. This will be a two-year program, with study in depth in a specific subject area, and will prepare the student for an entering position in his specialty. If generally adopted, this could replace about twothirds of the existing degrees in the public health constellation. Last year, the American Public Association- inaugurated the accreditation of Graduate Programs for Community Educators in institutions other than schools of public health. The accreditation process is similar to that in effect for schools of public health, though changes will be VOL. 603 NO. 1. A.J.P.H.

5 SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE USA AND CANADA Table 5-Institutions accredited by the American Public Association A. Schools of Public University of California, School of Public Earl Warren Hall, Berkeley, Calif (Dean: Wm. C. Reeves, Ph.D., M.P.H.) University of California at Los Angeles, School of Public Los Angeles, Calif (Dean: L. S. Goerke, M.D., M.S.P.H.) Columbia University, School of Public and Administrative Medicine 600 West 168th Street, New York, N. Y (Acting Director: Milton C. Maloney, M.D., M.P.H.) Harvard University, School of Public 55 Shattuck Street, Boston, Mass (Dean: John C. Snyder, M.D., LL.D.) University of Hawaii, School of Public 540 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 968 (Dean: Edward O'Rourke, M.D., M.P.H.) Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Md. 105 (Dean: John C. Hume, M.D., Dr.P.H.) Loma Linda University, School of Public Loma Linda, Calif (Dean: Mervyn G. Hardinge, M.D., Dr.P.H.) University of Michigan, School of Public Ann Arbor, Mich (Dean: Myron E. Wegman, M.D., M.P.H.) University of Minnesota, School of Public 135 Mayo Memorial Building, Minneapolis, Minn (Dean: Lee D. Stauffer, M.P.H.) University of Montreal, School of Hygiene Montreal, Quebec, Canada 618 (Teaching in French.) (Dean: Maurice Panisset, D.V.M.) University of North Carolina, School of Public Chapel Hill, N. C (Dean: W. Fred Mayes, M.D., M.P.H.) University of Oklahoma, School of 800 Northeast Thirteenth Street, Oklahoma City, Okla (Deani: W. W. Schottstaedt, M.D.) University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Pittsburgh, Pa (Dean: Herschel E. Griffin, M.D.) University of Puerto Rico San Juan, P. R (Teaching in Spanish.) (Head: Jose R. Nine-Curt, M.D., M.P.H.) University of Texas, School of Public at Houston Texas Medical Center P. 0. Box 0186, Astrodome Station, Houston, Tex (Dean: Reuel A. Stallones, M.D., M.P.H.) University of Toronto, School of Hygiene Toronito 5, Ontario, Canada (Director: Bernard Bucove, M.D., D.P.H.) Tulane University, School of Public and Tropical Medicine 1430 Tuilane Avenue, New Orleans, La (Dean: Grace A. Goldsmith, M.D., D.M.Sc.) University of Washington, School of Public and Community Medicine Seattle, Wash (Dean: J. Thomas Grayston, M.D., M.P.H.) Yale University, Department of Epidemiology and Puiblic School of Medicine 60 College Street, New Haven, Conn (Chairman: Robert W. McCollum, M.D., D.P.H.) B. Graduate Programs for Community Educators University of Massachusetts, Department of Public Amherst, Mass (Head, Department of Public : WVilliam A. Darity, Ph.D.) University of Tennessee, College of Education Knoxville, Tenn (Chairman of Education: Cyrus Mayshark, Sc.D.) made when indicated by the nature of the program and the institutions. A compilation of data, like that in the present report, is contemplated for these programs in subsequent years. This year, since only tvo such institutions are listed as accredited, this compilation has not been attempted. Dr. Troupin is Director of Professional Education, American Public Association (1740 Broadway), New York, N. Y DECEMBER,