Center for Crime Prevention and Control John Jay College of Criminal Justice 524 West 59th Street Suite 600, New York, NY 10019

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1 DRUG MARKET INTERVENTION Center for Crime Prevention and Control John Jay College of Criminal Justice 524 West 59th Street Suite 600, New York, NY 10019

2 I. THE PROBLEM 2

3 The Overt Drug Market Problem Drug markets are the scourge of too many communities in the United States. They destroy neighborhoods, a sense of community and the quality of life. They contribute to crime, shootings, prostitution, assaults, robbery and have a negative effect on local business and on business and residential property values Kennedy, D.M., & Wong, S.L. (2009). The High Point Drug Market Intervention Strategy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.

4 The Overt Drug Market Problem Overt drug markets are those which operate in public (inside or outside) And in which non community members can come and buy drugs without knowing anybody

5 The Overt Drug Market Problem Almost alwayslocatedlocated in poor, disadvantaged communities of color. Facilitate much direct and indirect harm Ease initiation into drug use and support addiction Draw local youth into the drug trade Draw nonresident buyers and prostitution into the neighborhood ihb h Create attractive targets for armed robbers Spur the creation of loose drug crews, which then frequentlyget drawn into external and internal violence Lead to the acquisition and use of firearms Encourage robbery, burglary, and other crimes by addicts Lead to the loss of control of public space Drive down property values, drive out business, and spur many residents to leave Create pro drug, anti school, and anti work norms among youth.

6 The Overt Drug Market Problem They are violent They are chaotic They do enormous damage to the community

7 Two major approaches Law enforcement Crack downs on drugs and drug dealers. Rootcauses andsocialservices services Improve communities, support families, work on the economy, address racism and oppression, enhance education.

8 The record so far Neither enforcement nor social interventions have had any meaningful impact on overt drug markets and resultant violence. No city or country with a drug problem has eliminated drugs, drug violence, or drug crime by using either or both methods

9 The Traditional Response Profligate arrests and prosecutions Stillfail to fix the problem Even fuels other problems Single parent homes Reentry overburden Hindering earning potential of young men with criminal records Street code Arrest as a desirable rite of passage Resentment between police and communities

10 II. THE LOGIC 1 0

11 Key Principles The Fundamental problem: Drug markets cause more problems than drug use. Small numbers of drug dealers: A tiny handful of dealers (10 a couple dozen individuals) drive most overt markets and even fewer that actually are connected or responsible for the violence Other problems in community: Cannot ultimately be fixed without addressing the drug market itself.

12 Key Principles Tipping in overt markets: Sellers know where to sell and buyers know where to buy, so gradual arrests are just met with replacement. This method works to shut down the entire market all at once, and building a maintenance strategy to stop the return of sellers and buyers. Predictable formal sanctions: Meaningful, known sanctions

13 Key Principles Minimization of formal sanctions: Emphasize deterrence and community standards Banking cases against non violent dealers: By choosing not to prosecute known offenses, stronger cases can be built. By banking a nonviolent drug charge, DMI raises the risk of a meaningful sanction for future dealing if the dealer doesn t stop, the banked case is simply activated and communicates that risk to dealers.

14 Key Principles Informal social control: More powerful and effective than formal methods of control. Mutual misunderstandings: di Communities view the police as hostile and deliberately ineffective, while police view communities as complacent or supportive of the illegal behavior.

15 III. THE PROCESS 1 5

16 Operational Phases Formulating the DMI Working Group Police Community Reconciliation Identification and Preparation Call In Preparation and Execution Follow through h and Maintenance Mit

17 Bringing g & Banking Cases Part of Phase III. Keep in accordance with criteria set forward by the Working Group. Working Group members beyond the police, including community members, often participate in this selection process.

18 Cases to Bring Dealers with a history of violence or gun crimes. Work with law enforcement partners so people offered a second chance are not a danger to their community. Arrested dealers should receive special attention from state and fd federal prosecutors, as should ldhave been previously arranged.

19 Cases to Bank Cases where the dealer does not have a criminal history of violence. These dealers will be invited to the call in. Call in candates Develop audio and video evidence during controlled drug buys and holding the cases inactive unless the individual continues to deal. Demonstrates that future dealing and other crimes will result in meaningful formal consequences.

20 Why Bank Cases Because of delays and plea deals banked cases may have more of an effect on dealers than those which are brought htto court. Sh th it th t th li t i il Shows the community that the police are not primarily interested in jailing its young men.

21 The Call-In The Call in is direct communication with identified dealers as a way of delivering the anti dealing message to all relevant individuals at once. Identify dealers, deliver notices to appear, rehearse and hold call in. Invite influentials People in the dealer s lives who are important to them. e.g. mothers, fathers, siblings, friends, classmates, grandmothers, grandfathers, etc. Help to drive home the important community message

22 The Call-In The delivered message iscompassionate compassionate, but stern: The dealing and violence have to stop, end of story. You are hugely important and valuable. It s hurts your community, you can do better than this, we don t want to live like this any more. Your community and loved ones need it to stop. The street codes you are living by are wrong. We will do everything we can to help you. When you leave here, we will pay focused enforcement attention to the most violent group in the city, and to the next group to kill someone. None of us like how we have been living; we all want to change.

23 Keeping the Market Closed Carry out law enforcement promise Continue police presence Respond to reports of dealing Effect arrest as necessary Follow up on social services Help people who want to change Stage events which involve the police and community, Stage events which involve the police and community, such as community walks, cook outs, etc.

24 Phase 1 DMI Working Group Formation Phase 2 Police Community Reconciliation Phase 3 Identification and Preparation Phase 4 Call In Preparation and Execution Phase 5 Follow Through and Maintenance WG chooses potential members WG identifies community leaders LE identifies overt drug market LE identifies & investigates all dealers operating in market Abbreviations: WG (Working Group) LE (law enforcement) CM (community members) SS (social services) WG conducts truthtelling & racial reconciliation meetings between police & community LE banks cases for nonviolent dealers & compiles notification list SS coordinates one stop shop for resources LE prosecutes most dangerous dealers WG performs policecommunity home visit WG identifies influentials LE, CM & SS partnership holds call in meetings. LE promises to focus its attention on dealers. CM sets moral standards against dealing. SS offers help to dealers. Dealers continue dealing Dealers seek help LE activates banked cases & dealers face criminal charges SS pairs dealers with resources Dealers stop dealing WG addresses questions & misconceptions & gets advice WG continues police community discussion of strategy Results: overt market eliminated; drug & violent crime decreased

25 nnscommunities.org 25

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