Are Second Generation Firewalls Good for Industrial Control Systems?

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1 Are Second Generation Firewalls Good for Industrial Control Systems? Bernie Pella, CISSP Schneider Electric Cyber Security Services

2 Firewall Overview Firewalls provide a barrier between trusted and untrusted (outside) computer networks. Firewalls act more as a filter than as a true barrier, permitting trusted traffic to pass through the firewall. Firewalls have changed and improved over the last several years The big question is: What traffic do you trust? 2

3 Initial Firewalls Initially, firewalls were packet filters Checked the following Source address Destination address Protocol Port number Effectively the Blacklist concept Firewall operated at OSI Layer 3 (Network) 3

4 Later Generation Firewalls Improvements to initial firewalls added stateful packet inspection Stateful firewalls examine traffic passing through the firewall, better known as a protocol The stateful concept allowed the firewall to determine if incoming traffic was from an existing connection or new connection Determined if header was manipulated or redirected Operated at OSI Layer 4 (Transport) 4

5 Next Generation Firewalls Newest firewalls added Application Layer (OSI layer 7) inspection Permits addition of Virus scanning Intrusion Prevention and Intrusion Detection VPN Adds additional inspection above just IP, Port, and Protocol rules 5

6 Advantages Latest generation firewalls add capabilities to look at data based on the following: Source of data by IP, MAC, Program, User, Data Rate, Geography, white lists, black lists, and ID Tags Enhanced firewall processors allow data rate throughput with minimal latency Firewall rules can be extremely restrictive, permitting only reliable traffic to be forwarded 6

7 Disadvantages Latest generation firewalls take more time to fine tune rules compared to previous IP/Protocol/Port firewalls Latest generation firewalls are more expensive than previous versions Not all latest generation firewalls are equal so research is needed to determine the best for your solution There is a learning curve to set up new generation firewalls Some latest generation firewalls can require an ID tag attached to the header from the sender for validation 7

8 Industrial Control Systems (ICS) All traffic used in industrial control systems is known and in specific formats External communications to an ICS is limited and well known High data throughput is typically not essential for ICS external connectivity so a high data rate firewall is not needed External connectivity changes are infrequent 8

9 Industrial Control Systems (2) Based on new capabilities of latest generation firewalls, they appear ideal for ICS Drawback may be header ID conflicts From a cyber security recommendation, I recommend planning to upgrade existing firewalls with one of the new generation (Next Generation) firewalls. 9

10 Review Previous generation firewalls had limited capabilities; basically IP, Ports, and Protocols New generation firewalls added application layer inspection, which adds additional protection Due to the general architecture and frequency of changes and capabilities, plan on upgrading to one of the new generation firewalls 10

11 Questions 11

12 Bernie Pella, CISSP Principal Cyber Security Consultant Schneider Electric Cyber Security Services

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