E F G. Overview of the activities. SAPIE ZA Università di Roma - Laboratorio di Fotonica Molecolare
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1 SAPIE ZA Università di Roma Dipartimento di Energetica Laboratorio di Fotonica Molecolare Francesco Michelotti Tel: Workshop Future Trends in Molecular and Bio-Optoelectronics, Paris, December 11th-12th 12th 2008
2 Overview of the activities A B C D E F G A) SHG, B) Organic photonics, CD) Deposition& Processing, E) Organic electro-optics, F) OLEDs, G) Pico-second nonlinear optics
3 Overview of the activities Characterisation of photonic devices (wgs, µrings, Bragg, ) Electro-optic Polymers for photonic active components Dye Sensitised Solar Cells and molecular OLED Surface electromagnetic waves in metal and dielectric multilayered structures for biosensors and gas sensors
4 Laboratory activities connected to the Workshop (II) Photonics based chemical and biological sensors, New generations of biochips for research and diagnosis, Optical tweezers and new approaches to light-manipulation of biological objects: micro- and nanofluidics Surface electromagnetic waves in dielectric multilayered structures and transparent conducting oxides (III) Molecular and Hybrid photonics (IV) Molecular and Hybrid electronics
5 Surface Plasmon Polaritons Longitudinal collective excitation of plasma electrons at a metal/dielectric interface. The effective index of a SPP is larger than the refractive index of the dielectric. Therefore they can be excited only by: Attenuated total reflection (ATR) Surface roughness (Scattering) TM θ R Widely used in biosensing devices Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ θ
6 SEW waves at the boundary of Photonic Crystals
7 SEW waves at the boundary of Photonic Crystals Linewidths are smaller than observed for SPPs θ TE λ=1530nm SEW Kretschman coupling configuration
8 SEW waves at the boundary of Photonic Crystals Application to Biosensing
9 BIOSENSING - a-si 1-x N x :H based 1D Photonic Crystal L H t=294nm λ=1530nm t=240nm λ=1530nm Band Diagram 10 periods Glass
10 BIOSENSING - a-si 1-x N x :H based 1D Photonic Crystal R [ arb.un. ] λ=1550nm θ [ deg ] 1.5 R [ arb.un. ] SPP on λ=1550 nm Bare BK7 prism θ [ deg ]
11 BIOSENSING - a-si 1-x N x :H based 1D Photonic Crystal
12 BIOSENSING - a-si 1-x N x :H Development Stage θ θ
13 BIOSENSING - a-si 1-x N x :H based 1D Photonic Crystal Is it possible to enhance the biosensor response by introducing further resonances?
14 a-si 1-x N x :H / Polimer 1+1D PC - Gratings fabrication T pol =T AMB hν nm TRANS CIS Drift of the polymer off the bright regions
15 a-si 1-x N x :H / Polimer 1+1D PC - Gratings fabrication θ Lloyd mirror configuration Λ= 634 nm h=118nm Glass λ = nm I = 60 mw/cm 2 t = 90 min Francesco - Trasparenza sulla fabbricazione dei reticoli di diffrazione in Disperse Red 1 mediante olografia cis- trans AFM
16 a-si 1-x N x :H / Polymer 1+1D PC - Dispersion and gap opening Λ Glass Optics Letters 33, 243 (2008) Optics Express 16(8), 5453 (2008) Applied Physics Letters 93, (2008)
17 a-si 1-x N x :H / Polimer 1+2D PC Hexagonal gratings fabrication Λ 0 Λ0 Λ 0 Periodic 2D gratings can be fabricated by several successive holographic lithographic steps Λ 1
18 a-si 1-x N x :H / Polymer 1+2D PC - Dispersion and gap opening σ = 60 deg σ= 30 deg σ= 0 deg Λ Λ Λ 0 λ GAP [ µm m ] Λ σ [ deg ]
19 SEW waves at the boundary of Photonic Crystals Application to Gas Sensing
20 GAS SENSING - Porous Silicon PC 25 periods L H t=294nm λ=1530nm t=240nm λ=1530nm p + -Si Porous Silicon layers θ γ>0 γ<0 TE FESEM Appl.Phys.Lett., 91, (2007) Surface mode Otto coupling configuration
21 GAS SENSING - Porous Silicon PC SEW dispersion Measured Theoretical
22 GAS SENSING - Porous Silicon PC Ethanol vapour IN SEW mode θ ATR - Otto coupling TE OUT Organic vapours sensor based on: Extremely large effective area of the porous silicon photonic crystal Very narrow resonance dips
23 GAS SENSING - Porous Silicon PC Porous Silicon PC Ethanol SEW Mode TE Mode
24 GAS SENSING - Porous Silicon PC Ethanol vs Methanol M 26 ethanol kg n ethanol = 1.36 M 26 methanol kg = 1.33 n methanol
25 SPP in TCO Literature and results
26 SPP in TCO Literature and results 40 deg 70 deg 2.38 µm ~ 1.18 µm 1.00 µm
27 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Single films SPR dispersion θ TM Resonances observed Respect to the sharp ones observed in Au, they are as large as almost all the angular window (because closer to the plasma frequency) They could greatly affect the NIR emission pattern 77 nm 36Ω/ 104 nm 17Ω/ 134 nm 13Ω/ 194 nm
28 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Single films SPR dispersion 77 nm 134 nm 77 nm 134 nm 104 nm 194 nm 104 nm 194 nm Measurements Analytical Calculation
29 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Single films SPR dispersion In the case of ITO: 1) The plasma edge is red shifted up to the IR due to lower carrier concentration and different effective mass 2) The skin depth is larger than for metals 3) Coupled SPP are moke likely to apper also for relatively large film thicknesses
30 SPP just begin to be an issue in Organic Solar Cells too
31 SPP just begin to be an issue in Organic Solar Cells too Link to (IV) Molecular and Hybrid electronics
32 SPP and efficiency of IR harvesting DSSC TCO TiO 2 Sol Pt SUB SUB In a DSSC the TCO (ITO but also others) layer can support SP in the IR range with dispersion depending on the properties of the dielectric layers at the interfaces. Periodic corrugations and/or simply the roughness of the TiO 2 layer can scatter light in the dye sensitised solution.. but they are also likely to couple to the SP modes whose acceptance angle is very large with an increase of the effective optical thickness of the sensitised cell.
33 Thank you for your kind attention 100 nm
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