The role of urban planning in ecosystem based adaption

Transcription

1 The role of urban planning in ecosystem based adaption Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation and environmental improvement BfN Workshop March 2015 Isle of Vilm Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaption in urban areas and their rural surroundings Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation and environmental improvement Dipl.-Ing. Antje Wunderlich Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin Hochschule Neubrandenburg

2 Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation andenvironmental improvement Why Urban Planning and Climate? Since 2008, more than 50 percent of the world's population live in cities. 70 to 80 percent of CO2 or greenhouse gas emissions are based on the cities. The cities consume 75 percent of the energy produced worldwide. In the cities, the battle will decide about the climate in the coming decades. Quellen: e/magazinentwicklungspolitik/068/s0-jahrtausendder-staedte-bmz.html

3 Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation andenvironmental improvement Rendering of Wuyang, a small Chinese 4 million-city Urban sprawl in suburbia: 500 km road / year Quelle: /images/2011/10/china-greensuburbs-april-fools.jpg

4 Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation andenvironmental improvement pompous casino hotels in macau Quelle:

5 Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation andenvironmental improvement Urban Planning and Climate 1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate world wide? 2. How can an ecological urban planning optimize the climate in the city? 3. How can adapt a city to the changing climate?

6 1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate world wide? Global climate problems: high CO2 emissions man-made greenhouse effect increase in weather-related extreme events rise in sea level Ocean current changes Germanwatch: Globaler Klimawandel, Ursachen, Folgen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Berlin, Bonn Quelle: w11.pdf

7 1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate world wide? Solutions by ecological urbanism: Reduce energy consumption (especially fossil fuels) Transport concepts: public transportation + bike paths Architecture: use sunlight by correct building orientation, shading and photovoltaic Increase evaporation Urban Concepts: compressed, space-saving building Natural water system: infiltration, water retention and evaporation CO2 storage in plants Architecture: Roofs, façade greening Landscape Architecture: protection of the soil before occlusion

8 Reduce energy consumption (especially fossil fuels) Transport concepts: public transportation optimization of public transport Quelle: vkw/vis/vlp/bilder/opt-oepnv Quelle:

9 Reduce energy consumption (especially fossil fuels) Transport concepts: bike paths Bicycle Friendly City Freiburg Quelle: get/462466/schwabentor-p jpg

10 Reduce energy consumption (especially fossil fuels) Architecture: use sunlight by correct building orientation, shading and photovoltaic Housing estate Sunny Watt (Region Zürich 2010) Prefabricated wooden house with photovoltaic and optimal sun orientation (south slope) Quelle: usenergiesiedlung/wohnsiedlung_ sunnywatt.html

11 Increase evaporation Urban Concepts: compressed, spacesaving building München-Schwabing urbanity through dense structural and functional density Quelle:

12 Increase evaporation Natural water system: infiltration, water retention and evaporation drainage trench, depression in, pond spatial quality and functional waterretaining evaporation Quelle: PG /trinkwasser-fuerunterfranken/einfluesse/haus-undgarten/

13 CO2 storage in plants Architecture: Roofs, façade greening Londons largest living wall a 21 metre high living wall containing 10,000 plants and 16 tons of soil will help reduce flooding in London Quelle: 8/21/londons-largest-livingwall-will-combat-flooding/

14 CO2 storage in plants Landscape Architecture: protection of the soil before occlusion Wien: North-west station Working and living, shopping and recreation, sports and culture, social contacts and contemporary design all be networked via this green center. Quelle: ettbewerbe/imsdatl/m19/pdb/projek t/223580_plan1neu_3336_q.jpg

15 Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation andenvironmental improvement Lingang New City, a master-planned port city of inhabitants near Shanghai designed by gmp in the tradition of "ideal city " the various city districts were arranged in concentric rings around a central circular lake Quelle:

16 1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate world wide?

17 1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate world wide? What could we do? less area- consuming Land Recycling, surface circulation double use (houses, land, gardens, streets, ) less consumption, Sufficiency

18 2. How can an ecological urban planning optimize the climate in the city? Problematic urban climate: heat islands less rainfall bad air (inversions) Unabhängiges Institut für Umweltfragen: Klima im Kleinen. Quelle: /files/fachgebiete/klimaschutz/schule_ und_kiez/ufu_klimaimkleinen_1312_v 5.pdf.

19 2. How can ecological urban planning optimize the climate in the city? Solutions through ecological urban planning: Better air quality Technical: reduce waste gases (filters, catalyst) Naturally: protect free spaces Better cooling Naturally: evaporation increase (unsealing) Structurally: improve fresh air supply

20 Better air quality cooling Structurally: improve fresh air supply Air quality in the urban area of Dortmund (1989) Quelle: ete_do_1989.pdf

21 Better air quality and cooling Structurally: improve fresh air supply Speichen-strahlen-plan = Radiate spoke-plan Frankfurt / Main Quelle: Projektbüro Friedrich von Borries 2013

22 3. How can adapt a city to the changing climate? Urban problems due to climate change: floods heat stress infectious diseases irritative reactions to environmental stimuli / allergies Quelle: Deutscher Städtetag: Positionspapier, Anpassung an den Klimawandel, Empfehlungen und Maßnahmen der Städte. Juni 2012.

23 Urban problems due to climate change: floods The dyke breach in Fischbeck near Stendal 2013 Quelle:

24 3. How can adapt a city to the changing climate? Solutions through ecological urban planning: Improve flood protection Structurally: dams, retaining walls etc. Naturally: retention areas create (deconstruction)

25 Improve flood protection Structurally: dams, retaining walls etc. mobile flood protection wall in Dresden 2013 Quelle: Foto: MatthiasDD

26 Improve flood protection Naturally: retention areas create (deconstruction)? Überschwemmungsbereiche der Elbe in Dresden (superposition of satellite images) Quelle: