Zabin Visram Room CS115 CS126 Searching. Binary Search
|
|
- Tiffany Alexandra Lucas
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Zabin Visram Room CS115 CS126 Searching Binary Search
2 Binary Search Sequential search is not efficient for large lists as it searches half the list, on average Another search algorithm Binary search Very fast But can only be performed on ordered lists
3 Example If you are looking for you friends number in the phone book, you may decide to look from half way, you know the book is ordered alphabetically therefore if you decide the name is in the right half you can disregard the left half throw it away just concentrate on the right half this way your search is dramatically reduced only have ½ book o search do the same process again until eventually u either find the name or decide its not there binary search is the same
4 Divide & Conquer technique When a list is sorted and we have random access to the list as in an array or vector implementation we can take advantage of this additional structure in our search methods. binary search algorithm uses the Divide & Conquer method to search the list
5 Divide & Conquer technique First the search item is compared with the middle element of the list. If the search item is less than the middle element of the list, we restrict the search to the first half of the list; otherwise we search the second half of the list
6 Binary Search Consider a sorted list of length 12 [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] list
7 MID Binary Search Suppose we want to find 75 Entire list is searched compare 75 with middle element in list, list[5] (which is 39) Because 75 Is in list [6]..list[11] we restrict search there Search list list [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
8 Binary Search The process is now repeated on the list [6]..list[11] which is a list of 6 Search list list [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
9 Task - individually During a binary search, which elements in the array Are compared to the target when the target is a. 2 b.8 c.15
10 Answer a. 12 and 4 B. 12, 4 and 8 C. 12, 20 and 14
11 most of the array is not searched at all, saving much time - thus BS algorithm is very fast. But how fast? Counting the comparisons I.e each time algorithm divides the array in half - can provide us a measure of the algorithms efficiency
12 Binary search Analysis Suppose we are working with a sorted array of n integers Initially first = 0 and (because an array index in Java starts at 0 and n denotes the number of elements in the list(length) then last = n-1 The element midway in an array indexed from 0 to n-1 is mid = (n 1) / 2. If the target is less than the value at mid, then since the array is sorted we can be certain that the target element is not in the array from positions mid to n-1. In pseudo code the idea is:
13 low = 0; high = n -1; mid = (low + high) / 2; if target = array[mid] then return mid else if target < array[mid] then target is not in range mid.. n-1 discard upper half by setting high = mid 1; else target is not in the 0..mid range; discard lower half by setting low = mid + 1; repeat with new range until possible array is of length 1. If the lower half of the list 0..mid was discarded by the above algorithm then the next probe would be at mid = [(mid+1) + (n-1)] / 2
14 Binary search Analysis which is the midpoint of the upper half. Continuing in this way, unless we find the target, we halve the list each time until it becomes of size one and we either have found the target or it was not present originally. The complexity of such an algorithm the work required to complete it given a list of size n initially is the number of probes that are required. That is, how many times can a list of size n be halved before it becomes of size one? Let k be the smallest integer such that
15 Binary search Analysis n / 2^k = 1 Then k = ceiling (log n). Of course, sometimes the target is found before k probes. It has been proved that the average time for a successful search by this method is approximately log n 1. So binary search is O(log n).
16 A standard binary search method can then be written public int binarysearch(int target) { int low = 0; int high = a.length 1; int mid; while (low <= high) { mid = (low + high) / 2; if (target == a[mid]) //match return mid; else if (target < a[mid]) //search low end of array high = mid 1; else //search high end of array low = mid + 1; } return 1; }
17 Binary search Analysis The above algorithm checks on each iteration for whether target is at array[mid]. This is relatively unlikely until the sublists become small so a refinement of this algorithm involves omitting that test until the final sublist (of length one).
18 Binary Search Vs Linear Search A sequential search of either a list, an array, or a chain looks at the first item, the second item, and so on until it either finds a particular item or determines that the item does not occur in the group Average case of sequential search is O(n) A binary search of an array requires that the array be sorted. It looks first at the middle of the array to determine in which half the desired item can occur. The search repeats this strategy on only this half of the array
19 Binary Search Vs Linear Search The benefit of binary search over linear search becomes significant for lists over about 100 elements. For smaller lists linear search may be faster because of the speed of the simple increment compared with the divisions needed in binary search. The general moral is that for large lists binary search is very much faster than linear search, but is not worth while for small lists. Note that binary search is not appropriate for linked list structures (no random access for the middle term).
20 Demonstration e/mukundan/dsal/bsearch.html in comparison linear search ukundan/dsal/lsearch.html
Analysis of Binary Search algorithm and Selection Sort algorithm
Analysis of Binary Search algorithm and Selection Sort algorithm In this section we shall take up two representative problems in computer science, work out the algorithms based on the best strategy to
More informationEfficiency of algorithms. Algorithms. Efficiency of algorithms. Binary search and linear search. Best, worst and average case.
Algorithms Efficiency of algorithms Computational resources: time and space Best, worst and average case performance How to compare algorithms: machine-independent measure of efficiency Growth rate Complexity
More informationBinary search algorithm
Binary search algorithm Definition Search a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. Begin with an interval covering the whole array. If the value of the search key is less than
More informationSearching Algorithms
Searching Algorithms The Search Problem Problem Statement: Given a set of data e.g., int [] arr = {10, 2, 7, 9, 7, 4}; and a particular value, e.g., int val = 7; Find the first index of the value in the
More informationCSE373: Data Structures and Algorithms Lecture 3: Math Review; Algorithm Analysis. Linda Shapiro Winter 2015
CSE373: Data Structures and Algorithms Lecture 3: Math Review; Algorithm Analysis Linda Shapiro Today Registration should be done. Homework 1 due 11:59 pm next Wednesday, January 14 Review math essential
More informationLoop Invariants and Binary Search
Loop Invariants and Binary Search Chapter 4.3.3 and 9.3.1-1 - Outline Ø Iterative Algorithms, Assertions and Proofs of Correctness Ø Binary Search: A Case Study - 2 - Outline Ø Iterative Algorithms, Assertions
More information6. Standard Algorithms
6. Standard Algorithms The algorithms we will examine perform Searching and Sorting. 6.1 Searching Algorithms Two algorithms will be studied. These are: 6.1.1. inear Search The inear Search The Binary
More informationWhat Is Recursion? Recursion. Binary search example postponed to end of lecture
Recursion Binary search example postponed to end of lecture What Is Recursion? Recursive call A method call in which the method being called is the same as the one making the call Direct recursion Recursion
More informationOutline. Introduction Linear Search. Transpose sequential search Interpolation search Binary search Fibonacci search Other search techniques
Searching (Unit 6) Outline Introduction Linear Search Ordered linear search Unordered linear search Transpose sequential search Interpolation search Binary search Fibonacci search Other search techniques
More informationCSC 180 H1F Algorithm Runtime Analysis Lecture Notes Fall 2015
1 Introduction These notes introduce basic runtime analysis of algorithms. We would like to be able to tell if a given algorithm is time-efficient, and to be able to compare different algorithms. 2 Linear
More informationSorting revisited. Build the binary search tree: O(n^2) Traverse the binary tree: O(n) Total: O(n^2) + O(n) = O(n^2)
Sorting revisited How did we use a binary search tree to sort an array of elements? Tree Sort Algorithm Given: An array of elements to sort 1. Build a binary search tree out of the elements 2. Traverse
More informationChapter Objectives. Chapter 9. Sequential Search. Search Algorithms. Search Algorithms. Binary Search
Chapter Objectives Chapter 9 Search Algorithms Data Structures Using C++ 1 Learn the various search algorithms Explore how to implement the sequential and binary search algorithms Discover how the sequential
More informationIMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF RANDOMIZED SIGNATURE SORT USING HASHING AND BITWISE OPERATORS
Volume 2, No. 3, March 2011 Journal of Global Research in Computer Science RESEARCH PAPER Available Online at www.jgrcs.info IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF RANDOMIZED SIGNATURE SORT USING HASHING AND BITWISE
More informationClass : MAC 286. Data Structure. Research Paper on Sorting Algorithms
Name : Jariya Phongsai Class : MAC 286. Data Structure Research Paper on Sorting Algorithms Prof. Lawrence Muller Date : October 26, 2009 Introduction In computer science, a ing algorithm is an efficient
More informationChapter 7: Sequential Data Structures
Java by Definition Chapter 7: Sequential Data Structures Page 1 of 112 Chapter 7: Sequential Data Structures We have so far explored the basic features of the Java language, including an overview of objectoriented
More informationCS/COE 1501 http://cs.pitt.edu/~bill/1501/
CS/COE 1501 http://cs.pitt.edu/~bill/1501/ Lecture 01 Course Introduction Meta-notes These notes are intended for use by students in CS1501 at the University of Pittsburgh. They are provided free of charge
More informationCSC148 Lecture 8. Algorithm Analysis Binary Search Sorting
CSC148 Lecture 8 Algorithm Analysis Binary Search Sorting Algorithm Analysis Recall definition of Big Oh: We say a function f(n) is O(g(n)) if there exists positive constants c,b such that f(n)
More informationBinary Heap Algorithms
CS Data Structures and Algorithms Lecture Slides Wednesday, April 5, 2009 Glenn G. Chappell Department of Computer Science University of Alaska Fairbanks CHAPPELLG@member.ams.org 2005 2009 Glenn G. Chappell
More informationData Structures and Algorithms Written Examination
Data Structures and Algorithms Written Examination 22 February 2013 FIRST NAME STUDENT NUMBER LAST NAME SIGNATURE Instructions for students: Write First Name, Last Name, Student Number and Signature where
More informationBinary Heaps. CSE 373 Data Structures
Binary Heaps CSE Data Structures Readings Chapter Section. Binary Heaps BST implementation of a Priority Queue Worst case (degenerate tree) FindMin, DeleteMin and Insert (k) are all O(n) Best case (completely
More informationCours de C++ Utilisations des conteneurs
Cours de C++ Utilisations des conteneurs Cécile Braunstein cecile.braunstein@lip6.fr 1 / 18 Introduction Containers - Why? Help to solve messy problems Provide useful function and data structure Consistency
More information4.2 Sorting and Searching
Sequential Search: Java Implementation 4.2 Sorting and Searching Scan through array, looking for key. search hit: return array index search miss: return -1 public static int search(string key, String[]
More informationData Structures. Algorithm Performance and Big O Analysis
Data Structures Algorithm Performance and Big O Analysis What s an Algorithm? a clearly specified set of instructions to be followed to solve a problem. In essence: A computer program. In detail: Defined
More informationWhy? A central concept in Computer Science. Algorithms are ubiquitous.
Analysis of Algorithms: A Brief Introduction Why? A central concept in Computer Science. Algorithms are ubiquitous. Using the Internet (sending email, transferring files, use of search engines, online
More informationComputer Science 210: Data Structures. Searching
Computer Science 210: Data Structures Searching Searching Given a sequence of elements, and a target element, find whether the target occurs in the sequence Variations: find first occurence; find all occurences
More informationBounded Cost Algorithms for Multivalued Consensus Using Binary Consensus Instances
Bounded Cost Algorithms for Multivalued Consensus Using Binary Consensus Instances Jialin Zhang Tsinghua University zhanggl02@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn Wei Chen Microsoft Research Asia weic@microsoft.com Abstract
More informationLecture Notes on Binary Search Trees
Lecture Notes on Binary Search Trees 15-122: Principles of Imperative Computation Frank Pfenning André Platzer Lecture 17 October 23, 2014 1 Introduction In this lecture, we will continue considering associative
More informationClass Overview. CSE 326: Data Structures. Goals. Goals. Data Structures. Goals. Introduction
Class Overview CSE 326: Data Structures Introduction Introduction to many of the basic data structures used in computer software Understand the data structures Analyze the algorithms that use them Know
More informationEFFICIENT EXTERNAL SORTING ON FLASH MEMORY EMBEDDED DEVICES
ABSTRACT EFFICIENT EXTERNAL SORTING ON FLASH MEMORY EMBEDDED DEVICES Tyler Cossentine and Ramon Lawrence Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna, BC, Canada tcossentine@gmail.com
More informationAPP INVENTOR. Test Review
APP INVENTOR Test Review Main Concepts App Inventor Lists Creating Random Numbers Variables Searching and Sorting Data Linear Search Binary Search Selection Sort Quick Sort Abstraction Modulus Division
More informationBinary Heaps * * * * * * * / / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ * * * * * * * * * * * / / \ / \ / / \ / \ * * * * * * * * * *
Binary Heaps A binary heap is another data structure. It implements a priority queue. Priority Queue has the following operations: isempty add (with priority) remove (highest priority) peek (at highest
More informationDNS LOOKUP SYSTEM DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS PROJECT REPORT
DNS LOOKUP SYSTEM DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS PROJECT REPORT By GROUP Avadhut Gurjar Mohsin Patel Shraddha Pandhe Page 1 Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. DNS Recursive Query Mechanism:...5 2.1. Client
More informationAnalysis of Computer Algorithms. Algorithm. Algorithm, Data Structure, Program
Analysis of Computer Algorithms Hiroaki Kobayashi Input Algorithm Output 12/13/02 Algorithm Theory 1 Algorithm, Data Structure, Program Algorithm Well-defined, a finite step-by-step computational procedure
More informationCS473 - Algorithms I
CS473 - Algorithms I Lecture 4 The Divide-and-Conquer Design Paradigm View in slide-show mode 1 Reminder: Merge Sort Input array A sort this half sort this half Divide Conquer merge two sorted halves Combine
More informationQuiz 4 Solutions EECS 211: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING II. 1 Q u i z 4 S o l u t i o n s
Quiz 4 Solutions Q1: What value does function mystery return when called with a value of 4? int mystery ( int number ) { if ( number
More informationLecture 6: Binary Search Trees CSCI 700 - Algorithms I. Andrew Rosenberg
Lecture 6: Binary Search Trees CSCI 700 - Algorithms I Andrew Rosenberg Last Time Linear Time Sorting Counting Sort Radix Sort Bucket Sort Today Binary Search Trees Data Structures Data structure is a
More informationDistributed Computing over Communication Networks: Maximal Independent Set
Distributed Computing over Communication Networks: Maximal Independent Set What is a MIS? MIS An independent set (IS) of an undirected graph is a subset U of nodes such that no two nodes in U are adjacent.
More informationData Structures and Data Manipulation
Data Structures and Data Manipulation What the Specification Says: Explain how static data structures may be used to implement dynamic data structures; Describe algorithms for the insertion, retrieval
More informationInformation Theory and Coding Prof. S. N. Merchant Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Information Theory and Coding Prof. S. N. Merchant Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture - 17 Shannon-Fano-Elias Coding and Introduction to Arithmetic Coding
More informationBinary search tree with SIMD bandwidth optimization using SSE
Binary search tree with SIMD bandwidth optimization using SSE Bowen Zhang, Xinwei Li 1.ABSTRACT In-memory tree structured index search is a fundamental database operation. Modern processors provide tremendous
More informationRSA Question 2. Bob thinks that p and q are primes but p isn t. Then, Bob thinks Φ Bob :=(p-1)(q-1) = φ(n). Is this true?
RSA Question 2 Bob thinks that p and q are primes but p isn t. Then, Bob thinks Φ Bob :=(p-1)(q-1) = φ(n). Is this true? Bob chooses a random e (1 < e < Φ Bob ) such that gcd(e,φ Bob )=1. Then, d = e -1
More informationCPSC 121: Models of Computation Assignment #4, due Wednesday, July 22nd, 2009 at 14:00
CPSC 2: Models of Computation ssignment #4, due Wednesday, July 22nd, 29 at 4: Submission Instructions Type or write your assignment on clean sheets of paper with question numbers prominently labeled.
More informationLINKED DATA STRUCTURES
LINKED DATA STRUCTURES 1 Linked Lists A linked list is a structure in which objects refer to the same kind of object, and where: the objects, called nodes, are linked in a linear sequence. we keep a reference
More informationPseudo code Tutorial and Exercises Teacher s Version
Pseudo code Tutorial and Exercises Teacher s Version Pseudo-code is an informal way to express the design of a computer program or an algorithm in 1.45. The aim is to get the idea quickly and also easy
More informationIntroduction to Algorithms March 10, 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professors Erik Demaine and Shafi Goldwasser Quiz 1.
Introduction to Algorithms March 10, 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.046J/18.410J Professors Erik Demaine and Shafi Goldwasser Quiz 1 Quiz 1 Do not open this quiz booklet until you are directed
More informationThe Goldberg Rao Algorithm for the Maximum Flow Problem
The Goldberg Rao Algorithm for the Maximum Flow Problem COS 528 class notes October 18, 2006 Scribe: Dávid Papp Main idea: use of the blocking flow paradigm to achieve essentially O(min{m 2/3, n 1/2 }
More information8.1. Example: Visualizing Data
Chapter 8. Arrays and Files In the preceding chapters, we have used variables to store single values of a given type. It is sometimes convenient to store multiple values of a given type in a single collection
More informationA binary search tree or BST is a binary tree that is either empty or in which the data element of each node has a key, and:
Binary Search Trees 1 The general binary tree shown in the previous chapter is not terribly useful in practice. The chief use of binary trees is for providing rapid access to data (indexing, if you will)
More informationLearning Outcomes. COMP202 Complexity of Algorithms. Binary Search Trees and Other Search Trees
Learning Outcomes COMP202 Complexity of Algorithms Binary Search Trees and Other Search Trees [See relevant sections in chapters 2 and 3 in Goodrich and Tamassia.] At the conclusion of this set of lecture
More informationDay 1. This is CS50 for MBAs. Harvard Busines School. Spring 2015. Cheng Gong
This is CS50 for MBAs. Harvard Busines School. Spring 2015. Cheng Gong Table of Contents Gangnam Style... 1 Internet Issues... 2 Course info... 6 Day 0, recap... 7 Peanut butter jelly time... 8 Sorting...
More informationAlgorithms and Data Structures Written Exam Proposed SOLUTION
Algorithms and Data Structures Written Exam Proposed SOLUTION 2005-01-07 from 09:00 to 13:00 Allowed tools: A standard calculator. Grading criteria: You can get at most 30 points. For an E, 15 points are
More informationA Note for Students: How to Use This Book
Preface This book is an introduction to computer science. It is intended for beginning CS majors or students from other fields who want a general introduction to computer science and computer programming.
More informationChapter 3. if 2 a i then location: = i. Page 40
Chapter 3 1. Describe an algorithm that takes a list of n integers a 1,a 2,,a n and finds the number of integers each greater than five in the list. Ans: procedure greaterthanfive(a 1,,a n : integers)
More informationBattleships Searching Algorithms
Activity 6 Battleships Searching Algorithms Summary Computers are often required to find information in large collections of data. They need to develop quick and efficient ways of doing this. This activity
More information1) The postfix expression for the infix expression A+B*(C+D)/F+D*E is ABCD+*F/DE*++
Answer the following 1) The postfix expression for the infix expression A+B*(C+D)/F+D*E is ABCD+*F/DE*++ 2) Which data structure is needed to convert infix notations to postfix notations? Stack 3) The
More information5. Binary objects labeling
Image Processing - Laboratory 5: Binary objects labeling 1 5. Binary objects labeling 5.1. Introduction In this laboratory an object labeling algorithm which allows you to label distinct objects from a
More informationFACTORING LARGE NUMBERS, A GREAT WAY TO SPEND A BIRTHDAY
FACTORING LARGE NUMBERS, A GREAT WAY TO SPEND A BIRTHDAY LINDSEY R. BOSKO I would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Michael Singer. His guidance and feedback were instrumental in completing this
More informationThe Union-Find Problem Kruskal s algorithm for finding an MST presented us with a problem in data-structure design. As we looked at each edge,
The Union-Find Problem Kruskal s algorithm for finding an MST presented us with a problem in data-structure design. As we looked at each edge, cheapest first, we had to determine whether its two endpoints
More informationSorting Algorithms. Nelson Padua-Perez Bill Pugh. Department of Computer Science University of Maryland, College Park
Sorting Algorithms Nelson Padua-Perez Bill Pugh Department of Computer Science University of Maryland, College Park Overview Comparison sort Bubble sort Selection sort Tree sort Heap sort Quick sort Merge
More informationBM307 File Organization
BM307 File Organization Gazi University Computer Engineering Department 9/24/2014 1 Index Sequential File Organization Binary Search Interpolation Search Self-Organizing Sequential Search Direct File Organization
More informationSection IV.1: Recursive Algorithms and Recursion Trees
Section IV.1: Recursive Algorithms and Recursion Trees Definition IV.1.1: A recursive algorithm is an algorithm that solves a problem by (1) reducing it to an instance of the same problem with smaller
More informationBinary Search Trees 3/20/14
Binary Search Trees 3/0/4 Presentation for use ith the textbook Data Structures and Algorithms in Java, th edition, by M. T. Goodrich, R. Tamassia, and M. H. Goldasser, Wiley, 04 Binary Search Trees 4
More informationBasic Programming and PC Skills: Basic Programming and PC Skills:
Texas University Interscholastic League Contest Event: Computer Science The contest challenges high school students to gain an understanding of the significance of computation as well as the details of
More informationNotes on Factoring. MA 206 Kurt Bryan
The General Approach Notes on Factoring MA 26 Kurt Bryan Suppose I hand you n, a 2 digit integer and tell you that n is composite, with smallest prime factor around 5 digits. Finding a nontrivial factor
More informationLecture 1: Course overview, circuits, and formulas
Lecture 1: Course overview, circuits, and formulas Topics in Complexity Theory and Pseudorandomness (Spring 2013) Rutgers University Swastik Kopparty Scribes: John Kim, Ben Lund 1 Course Information Swastik
More informationDetermining the Optimal Combination of Trial Division and Fermat s Factorization Method
Determining the Optimal Combination of Trial Division and Fermat s Factorization Method Joseph C. Woodson Home School P. O. Box 55005 Tulsa, OK 74155 Abstract The process of finding the prime factorization
More informationCompSci-61B, Data Structures Final Exam
Your Name: CompSci-61B, Data Structures Final Exam Your 8-digit Student ID: Your CS61B Class Account Login: This is a final test for mastery of the material covered in our labs, lectures, and readings.
More informationData storage Tree indexes
Data storage Tree indexes Rasmus Pagh February 7 lecture 1 Access paths For many database queries and updates, only a small fraction of the data needs to be accessed. Extreme examples are looking or updating
More informationOptical Layer Monitoring Schemes for Fast Link Failure Localization in All-Optical Networks
Optical Layer Monitoring Schemes for Fast Link Failure Localization in All-Optical Networks Bin Wu, Pin-Han Ho, Kwan L. Yeung, János Tapolcai and Hussein T. Mouftah Abstract Optical layer monitoring and
More informationRecursion and Dynamic Programming. Biostatistics 615/815 Lecture 5
Recursion and Dynamic Programming Biostatistics 615/815 Lecture 5 Last Lecture Principles for analysis of algorithms Empirical Analysis Theoretical Analysis Common relationships between inputs and running
More informationWhy you shouldn't use set (and what you should use instead) Matt Austern
Why you shouldn't use set (and what you should use instead) Matt Austern Everything in the standard C++ library is there for a reason, but it isn't always obvious what that reason is. The standard isn't
More informationFactoring Algorithms
Factoring Algorithms The p 1 Method and Quadratic Sieve November 17, 2008 () Factoring Algorithms November 17, 2008 1 / 12 Fermat s factoring method Fermat made the observation that if n has two factors
More informationFaster deterministic integer factorisation
David Harvey (joint work with Edgar Costa, NYU) University of New South Wales 25th October 2011 The obvious mathematical breakthrough would be the development of an easy way to factor large prime numbers
More informationMany algorithms, particularly divide and conquer algorithms, have time complexities which are naturally
Recurrence Relations Many algorithms, particularly divide and conquer algorithms, have time complexities which are naturally modeled by recurrence relations. A recurrence relation is an equation which
More informationChapter 6 Load Balancing
Chapter 6 Load Balancing Part I. Preliminaries Part II. Tightly Coupled Multicore Chapter 2. Parallel Loops Chapter 3. Parallel Loop Schedules Chapter 4. Parallel Reduction Chapter 5. Reduction Variables
More informationAlgorithm Design and Recursion
Chapter 13 Algorithm Design and Recursion Objectives To understand basic techniques for analyzing the efficiency of algorithms. To know what searching is and understand the algorithms for linear and binary
More informationOutline. The Stack ADT Applications of Stacks Array-based implementation Growable array-based stack. Stacks 2
Stacks Outline The Stack ADT Applications of Stacks Array-based implementation Growable array-based stack Stacks 2 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) An abstract data type (ADT) is an abstraction of a data structure
More informationA NEW HASH ALGORITHM: Khichidi-1
A NEW HASH ALGORITHM: Khichidi-1 Abstract This is a technical document describing a new hash algorithm called Khichidi-1 and has been written in response to a Hash competition (SHA-3) called by National
More informationExternal Sorting. Chapter 13. Database Management Systems 3ed, R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke 1
External Sorting Chapter 13 Database Management Systems 3ed, R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke 1 Why Sort? A classic problem in computer science! Data requested in sorted order e.g., find students in increasing
More informationSequential Data Structures
Sequential Data Structures In this lecture we introduce the basic data structures for storing sequences of objects. These data structures are based on arrays and linked lists, which you met in first year
More informationMapReduce and Distributed Data Analysis. Sergei Vassilvitskii Google Research
MapReduce and Distributed Data Analysis Google Research 1 Dealing With Massive Data 2 2 Dealing With Massive Data Polynomial Memory Sublinear RAM Sketches External Memory Property Testing 3 3 Dealing With
More informationThe Running Time of Programs
CHAPTER 3 The Running Time of Programs In Chapter 2, we saw two radically different algorithms for sorting: selection sort and merge sort. There are, in fact, scores of algorithms for sorting. This situation
More informationQuery Processing C H A P T E R12. Practice Exercises
C H A P T E R12 Query Processing Practice Exercises 12.1 Assume (for simplicity in this exercise) that only one tuple fits in a block and memory holds at most 3 blocks. Show the runs created on each pass
More informationNode-Based Structures Linked Lists: Implementation
Linked Lists: Implementation CS 311 Data Structures and Algorithms Lecture Slides Monday, March 30, 2009 Glenn G. Chappell Department of Computer Science University of Alaska Fairbanks CHAPPELLG@member.ams.org
More information9th Max-Planck Advanced Course on the Foundations of Computer Science (ADFOCS) Primal-Dual Algorithms for Online Optimization: Lecture 1
9th Max-Planck Advanced Course on the Foundations of Computer Science (ADFOCS) Primal-Dual Algorithms for Online Optimization: Lecture 1 Seffi Naor Computer Science Dept. Technion Haifa, Israel Introduction
More informationConverting a Number from Decimal to Binary
Converting a Number from Decimal to Binary Convert nonnegative integer in decimal format (base 10) into equivalent binary number (base 2) Rightmost bit of x Remainder of x after division by two Recursive
More informationApproximation Algorithms
Approximation Algorithms or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Deal with NP-Completeness Ong Jit Sheng, Jonathan (A0073924B) March, 2012 Overview Key Results (I) General techniques: Greedy algorithms
More information- Easy to insert & delete in O(1) time - Don t need to estimate total memory needed. - Hard to search in less than O(n) time
Skip Lists CMSC 420 Linked Lists Benefits & Drawbacks Benefits: - Easy to insert & delete in O(1) time - Don t need to estimate total memory needed Drawbacks: - Hard to search in less than O(n) time (binary
More informationExternal Sorting. Why Sort? 2-Way Sort: Requires 3 Buffers. Chapter 13
External Sorting Chapter 13 Database Management Systems 3ed, R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke 1 Why Sort? A classic problem in computer science! Data requested in sorted order e.g., find students in increasing
More informationAdaptive Online Gradient Descent
Adaptive Online Gradient Descent Peter L Bartlett Division of Computer Science Department of Statistics UC Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94709 bartlett@csberkeleyedu Elad Hazan IBM Almaden Research Center 650
More informationTHIS CHAPTER studies several important methods for sorting lists, both contiguous
Sorting 8 THIS CHAPTER studies several important methods for sorting lists, both contiguous lists and linked lists. At the same time, we shall develop further tools that help with the analysis of algorithms
More informationOperating Systems. Virtual Memory
Operating Systems Virtual Memory Virtual Memory Topics. Memory Hierarchy. Why Virtual Memory. Virtual Memory Issues. Virtual Memory Solutions. Locality of Reference. Virtual Memory with Segmentation. Page
More informationPhysical Data Organization
Physical Data Organization Database design using logical model of the database - appropriate level for users to focus on - user independence from implementation details Performance - other major factor
More informationAlgorithms. Margaret M. Fleck. 18 October 2010
Algorithms Margaret M. Fleck 18 October 2010 These notes cover how to analyze the running time of algorithms (sections 3.1, 3.3, 4.4, and 7.1 of Rosen). 1 Introduction The main reason for studying big-o
More informationHash Tables. Computer Science E-119 Harvard Extension School Fall 2012 David G. Sullivan, Ph.D. Data Dictionary Revisited
Hash Tables Computer Science E-119 Harvard Extension School Fall 2012 David G. Sullivan, Ph.D. Data Dictionary Revisited We ve considered several data structures that allow us to store and search for data
More informationIntroduction to Programming (in C++) Sorting. Jordi Cortadella, Ricard Gavaldà, Fernando Orejas Dept. of Computer Science, UPC
Introduction to Programming (in C++) Sorting Jordi Cortadella, Ricard Gavaldà, Fernando Orejas Dept. of Computer Science, UPC Sorting Let elem be a type with a operation, which is a total order A vector
More informationCpt S 223. School of EECS, WSU
Priority Queues (Heaps) 1 Motivation Queues are a standard mechanism for ordering tasks on a first-come, first-served basis However, some tasks may be more important or timely than others (higher priority)
More informationWORKSPACE WEB DEVELOPMENT & OUTSOURCING TRAINING CENTER
WORKSPACE WEB DEVELOPMENT & OUTSOURCING TRAINING CENTER Course Outline (2015) Basic Programming With Procedural & Object Oriented Concepts (C, C++) Training Office# Road: 11, House: 1 A, Nikunja 2, Khilkhet,
More informationChapter 8: Bags and Sets
Chapter 8: Bags and Sets In the stack and the queue abstractions, the order that elements are placed into the container is important, because the order elements are removed is related to the order in which
More information