Human Rights - Democracy and Participation

Transcription

1 DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION ITP 1204

2 Björn Westlund Cronstedt This morning: Democracy and Participation This afternoon: Visit to Rågsved Tomorrow: Media/The Project in 20 sec

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13 It is better to die, then to live in this conditions...

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15 ...guarantee the rule of law, a fair trail and the imparciality of the system...

16 ... and where are the rich and wealthy?

17 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

18 Right to work - from 14 years The establishment of a minimum age below which children shall be presumed not to have the capacity to infringe the penal law (Art 40)

19 Botswana 8 years Namibia 7 South Africa 7 Tanzania 7 Uganda 12 Sweden 15

20 Right to participate in armed conflicts - from 15 years Art 38 (facultative protocol - 18 years)

21 Right to - Name - Family - Nationality (Art 7)

22 ..the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. (Art 12)

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26 HOW MANY ARE CHILDREN?

27 156 school-classes

28 3.896 children C votes FP V MP SD 2 534

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30 RÅGSVED Not qualified to enter upper secondary school 24,2%

31 RÅGSVED 25% OF ALL CHILDEN IN RÅGSVED LIVE IN ECONOMIC EXPOSEDNESS

32 RÅGSVED UNEMPLOYMENT 8% YOUNG PERSONS 25%

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35 5 countries

36 BOTSWANA Voters turnout 76,7% Botswana Democratic Party 53,3%

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39 NAMIBIA Voter turnout 72% SWAPO 75,2%

40 No right to vote Did not vote Voted 34 % 50 % 16 %

41 No right to vote Did not vote Voted SWAPO 29 % 5 % 50 % 16 %

42 SOUTH AFRICA Voter turnout 76,6% ANC 65,9%

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45 TANZANIA Voter turnout 72,4% CCM 80,3%

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48 UGANDA Voter turnout 65,8% National Resistance Movement 59,3%

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53 Age for voting 18 Botswana Namibia South Africa Tanzania Uganda Sweden countries

54 UZBEKISTAN 25 years

55 THE THREE POWERS

56 ...the representative democracy is a midleway - marked by the division of the power...

57 The Human Development Report 2001 defines four features of a democracy based on human rights:

58 1. Holding free and fair elections contributes to the fulfilment of the right to political participation.

59 2. Allowing free and independent media contributes to the fullfilment of the right to freedom of expression, thought and conscience.

60 3. Separating powers among branches of government helps protect citizens from abuses of their civil and political rights.

61 4. Encouraging an open civil society contributes to fulfilment of the right to peaceful assembly and association.

62 Civil and political rights empower people to achieve their economic, social and cultural rights. Moreover, people who enjoy economic, social and cultural rights are better able to assert themselves in efforts to secure their civil and political rights.

63 People need to feel that they have access to political influence in order to participate effectively. The more people feel they have a share in development in their society, the more motivated they are to participate.

64 Poor people have a right to be consulted on decisions that affect their lives. This requires processes that expand the political space to give voice to poor people and their advocates, including NGOs, free media and workers associations. Human Development Report 2000

65 TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES EXCECUTIVE MEDIA LEGISLATURE JUDICIARY

66 if the population have to live through hunger and if the hunger is objectivly avoidible, there can be violence not because of powerty but because of absence of justice Johan Galtung

67 Participatory democracy - process emphasizing the broad participation (decision making) of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. The Greek demos and kratos combine to suggest that "the people are in power" but traditional representative democracies tend to limit citizen participation to - voting, leaving actual governance to politicians.

68 Participation in democratic governance as the process through which people take part in, and influence, public decisions that affect their lives.

69 People need to feel that their participation is regarded as valuable and leads to real influence on the decisions taken by their political representatives.

70 Experience shows that the more influence and access to power over decision making people have, the more prone they are to get involved and to participate.

71 Participatory democracy strives to create opportunities for all members of a political group to make meaningful contributions to decisionmaking, and seeks to broaden the range of people who have access to such opportunities.

72 A strong non-governmental public sphere is a precondition for the emergence of a strong democracy.

73 An education of the citizens, with ethical sensibility, that accepts the differences, that allows the multi-culturalism and the many forms of thinking and to feel.

74 A new pedagogy that motivates the democratic participation, supports the development of capacity of autonomy and auto- realization, that reinforces the attitude so the citizens end as a subject that does not resign in the achievement of her/his project of life.

75 Who are the excluded? And why?

76 Beneficeries

77 Rights

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79 Polls Questionaries Participatory Diagnosis

80 School for parents The web Mobilisations Alternative parliament Tribunal

81 4 scenarios What to do? Proposals on actions

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85 ...We are a sign of new times. We were poor and invisible. Now we are rich because of the multinational drug corporation. And you are very, very afraid. We are the late beginning of your social conscience. Got it?

86 We are human bombs. In the slums there are hundres thousand human bombs... We are in the centre of the insoluble itself. We are already another species; we are already another insect, different from you. Death for you is a Christian drama on a bed, a heart attack. Death for us is the daily meat laid down in a ditch.

87 There is no more proletariat or unhappy ones, neither exploited ones. There is a third kind growing up outside, cultivated in the mud, educating on the absolute illiteracy, graduating in the jails, like a monster Alien hidden in the cracks of the city.

88 We are facing a kind of post-misery that generates a new culture of killing, aided by modern technology, satellites, cellular phones, internet, modern weapons. It is the shit with chips, with megabytes. My commanded ones are a mutation of the social being. They are funguses of a great dirty mistake.

89 I ll be frank: We are all in the centre of the insoluble. The difference is that we live from it, while you have no way out, just the shit. There is no solutions! Do you know why? Because you don t even understand the extension of the problem.

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