Alternate Cooling Solutions for Mission Critical Facilities Stuart Lawrence National Account Sales Engineer Munters Air Treatment

Transcription

1 Alternate Cooling Solutions for Mission Critical Facilities Stuart Lawrence National Account Sales Engineer Munters Air Treatment

2 Drivers of Alternative Approaches Rising Energy Prices Rising Computing power Rapidly Growing ITE utilization (Tablets, Smartphone's etc) Industry Organization Guidelines (Ashrae TC9.9, 24-7, Uptime etc) Environmental Awareness - Carbon Footprint (Greenpeace) no. 2

3 Background Data center energy consumption is ~ 100 billion kwh annually 1. By 2020, the carbon footprint for data centers is expected to exceed that of the airline industry. Cooling systems are typically among the top energy users in data centers. no. 3

4 ASHRAE TC9.9 Thermal Guidelines for Mission Critical Facilities Boundaries of Allowable Envelopes 60% 59F dew point 41.9F dew point 64.4F 80.6F no. 4

5 Data Center Cooling Approaches Direct Expansion or Chilled Water Most-common equipment in legacy raised floor data centers Computer room air conditioning or air handling units (CRAC or CRAH) Airside Economizers Dry-bulb Economizer (Direct or Indirect) Takes advantage of favorable outside air dry-bulb temperatures Can bring OA in directly, or use HX to indirectly reject DC heat to OA airstream. Wet-bulb Economizer (Direct or Indirect) Takes advantage of favorable outside air wet-bulb temperatures Direct - wet-bulb effectiveness ~ 80-90% - increases whitespace RH% Indirect uses HX in tandem ~ 75-80% Efficiency. Hybrid HX Evaporative Cooler - Effectiveness 70-75% Waterside Economizer (essentially indirect wet or dry-bulb) Plate & Frame HX with cooling tower Dry Fluid Cooler no. 5

6 Munters Data Center Cooling Systems Indirect Airside Economizers - DryBulb Sensible Wheel Plate Type Heat Exchanger Heat Pipe Direct Airside Economizers (Wet-bulb in Summer, Dry-bulb + DP control in Winter) Munters Glasdek Evaporative Media. (includes Munters Dropstop & Drfitdek Mist Eliminators). Wet-bulb Depression Effectiveness ~ 80-95% Increases whitespace RH% Requires increased levels of filtration and RH control. Indirect Airside Economizer - Wet-bulb in Summer, Dry-bulb in Winter DEC (90% Effective) in tandem with Plate or Wheel HX (75-85% Effective) No whitespace contamination & humidity issues Oasis EPX - Indirect Hybrid Polymer HX Airside Economizer Hybrid Polymer HX Evaporative Cooler Wet Effectiveness 70% - Dry Effectiveness 50% No Chemical Water Treatment No whitespace contamination & high humidity issues 70% energy savings versus air-cooled CRAC in low wet-bulb regions Oasis PFC - Waterside Wet & Dry-bulb Polymer HX Fluid Cooler No Chemical Water Treatment Unique water collector and Sump No Hazmat, low water usage Direct drive fans VFD controlled no. 6

7 Munters Heat Exchangers Dry-bulb Indirect Airside Economizer Plate Type Rotary Heat Pipe no. 7

8 Counterflow Plate 65-85% efficient Four Configurations Low maintenance No leakage Scavenger Cooling Air Scavenger Air Leaving Supply X-Flow U-Flow R/A from Hot Aisle K-Flow L-Flow 8 mil aluminum standard Optional Epoxy coating Optional stainless steel construction Optional Water Wash no. 8

9 Indirect Dry-bulb Economizer Cycle Cold Isle Hot Isle OA DX or CW Trim Cooling Summer Winter no. 9

10 Plate HX Matrix no. 10

11 no. 11

12 Direct Air Side Economizer MERV 8 RA Filters MERV 13 OA Filters Modulating Face & Bypass Dampers Requires: Modulating O/A Dampers Pressure Controls Humidity Controls MERV Filters VFD Controlled Relief Fans (Pressure Control) Cooling Coil no. 12 Direct Evaporative Cooling

13 1 2 DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING A CONSTANT WET BULB PROCESS HUMIDIFIES AND COOLS 2 1

14 Direct Airside Economizer Cycle Cold Isle Hot Isle DX or CW Trim Cooling OA Hot Isle Exhausted in Summer Hot Isle Mixed in Winter no. 14

15 Wet Bulb Economizer (Direct) Cont. no. 15

16 no. 16

17 Indirect Airside Economizer (Dry HX in Combination with DEC) Hot Aisle Return Optional Return Air Filters Recirculating Air Fan VFD Counterflow Plate-Type Heat Exchanger Scavenger Exhaust Fan 95.8 F VFD Scavenger Air Exhausted with Heat from Data Center 100 F F 26,760 ACFM 100 F db / 75 F wb Cold Aisle Supply 75 F 82.2 F 77.5 F / 75 F 27,000 ACFM O/A Scavenger Air Inlet Sea Level 200KW heat rejection Cooling Coil Direct Evaporative Pre-Cooler Scavenger Air Filters no. 17

18 Indirect Airside Economizer Cycle (Dry HX + DEC) WBDE = 75% DBDE = 80% no. 18

19 Indirect Air Side Economizer Polymer Tube Hybrid Heat Exchanger (Direct Water Spray on HX) (wet bulb during hot dry conditions and dry bulb during cold conditions) no. 19

20 Moist scavenger air is exhausted Water sprays Cold Aisle Supply 75 F Polymer Tube HX Hot Aisle Return 102 F Scavenger Outside Air 95/64 Pump Welded SS Sump no. 20

21 Air flowing inside tubes is sensibly cooled by the evaporating water film on tube exterior Wet air leaves HX after extracting heat from air inside tubes Q Scavenger Air Flows Up and Around Outside Of Tubes While Water Flows Down Air Enters HX Tubes For Dry Cooling no. 21

22 Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger 70% approach to exhaust/scavenger air WB 50% approach to exhaust/scavenger air DB Flexible Polymer Tubes 6 to 8 ft long no. 22

23 Water Distribution Nozzle no. 23

24 no. 24

25 Indirect Air Side Economizer Data Center Heat Rejection Total Air Management Design Schematic no. 25

26 Summer WBDE = 70% Winter DBDE = 50% no. 26

27 no. 27

28 Percent of All Annual Hours in a Typical Year (TMY2) Where a Recirculation Air Indirect Evaporative Cooling System (70% WBDE) Satisfies 100% of Data Center Cooling Needs HI Portland 97.8% Sacramento 91.2% Sunnyvale 98.4% CA OR Reno 100% Los Angeles 92.8% Seattle 99.1% WA Redmond 100% NV Las Vegas 92.2% ID Boise 99.3% AZ Phoenix 76.6% AK Anchorage 100% Helena 100% Salt Lake City 98.8% UT MT WY Boulder 99.3% NM Cheyenne 100% CO Albuquerque 98.4% Rapid City 96.8% ND SD NE TX Fargo 89.1% KS Omaha 79.3% OK Fort Worth 58.8% Austin 49% Wichita 74% MN Minneapolis 87% Oklahoma City 69% IA Des Moines 82.9% Kansas City 73.5% MO AR LA WI Little Rock 64.1% Madison 86.7% Chicago 84% IL New Orleans 48.1% Memphis 61.6% MS Jackson 55.1% IN MI Detroit 86.5% Indianapolis 79% Louisville 72% TN Birmingham 64.5% AL Cleveland 85.3% KY OH Atlanta 65.7% GA WV Tampa 36.1% Burlington 90% Charleston 78.2% VA Charlotte 68.2% SC FL PA VT NY NC NH Concord 88.2% Philadelphia 77.9% Sterling 75.3% Albany 85.6% Charleston 56.2% Richmond 70.6% CT NJ DC ME DE RI Newark 80.1% Wilmington 75.2% MD Portland 90.2% MA Hartford 84.1% Baltimore 76% Boston 86.5% Providence 85.3% Hot Aisle Temperature (Return Air) = 100F Cold Aisle Temperature (Supply Air) = 75F no. 28

29 Annual Hours that IEC Provides 75F or Cooler Supply Air for Various US Cities Anchorage, AK Phoenix, AZ Los Angeles, CA Sacramento, CA San Francisco, CA Sunnyvale, CA Boulder, CO Hartford, CT Tampa, FL Atlanta, GA Boise, ID Chicago, IL Portland, ME Baltimore, MD Boston, MA Detroit, MI Minneapolis, MN Kansas City, MO Missoula, MT Las Vegas, NV Reno, NV Newark, NJ Albuquerque, NM Charlotte, NC Cleveland, OH Portland, OR Philadelphia, PA Nashville, TN Ft Worth, TX Salt Lake City, UT Sterling, VA Seattle, WA Spokane, WA Charleston, WV Cheyenne, WY Anchorage, AK Phoenix, AZ Los Angeles, CA Sacramento, CA San Francisco, CA Sunnyvale, CA Boulder, CO Hartford, CT Tampa, FL Atlanta, GA Percentage of Peak Tonnage Reduction Using IEC Based on ASHRAE 0.4% WB Design Condition for Various US Cities Boise, ID Chicago, IL Portland, ME Baltimore, MD Boston, MA Detroit, MI Minneapolis, MN Kansas City, MO Missoula, MT Las Vegas, NV Reno, NV Newark, NJ Albuquerque, NM Charlotte, NC Cleveland, OH Portland, OR Philadelphia, PA Nashville, TN Ft Worth, TX Salt Lake City, UT Sterling, VA Seattle, WA Spokane, WA Charleston, WV Cheyenne, WY 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Figure 8: Shows the performance of the RACE unit in various US cities. Using TMY2 hour-by-hour weather data, the chart on the left gives the annual hours of a typical year when mechanical cooling may be eliminated for a Data Center with a 24/7/365 duty cycle. The chart on the right shows the peak tonnage reduction percentage for each city at the Wet Bulb design condition. no. 29

30 Sample Performance of a Polymer Tube IASE System operating in Chicago, IL no. 30

31 no. 31

32 no. 32

33 no. 33

34 NREL Analysis Four cooling technologies (does not factor in distribution fan energy) Direct expansion (DX) (assumes a COP=3) Air-side economizer (assumes no additional energy) Direct evaporative cooler (assumes additional 0.2 Watts/CFM) Multi-stage indirect evaporative cooler (assumes additional 0.4 Watts/CFM) Applicability characterized by bins / zones on the psychrometric chart Thermodynamic processes to achieve necessary supply air conditions Typical meteorological year (TMY3) data Annual hourly weather data that represents typical climatic conditions based on a 30-year sample Summation of how many hours of the year fall into each bin category no. 34

35 Energy Savings Potential: Direct Air Economizer Cooling no. 35

36 Energy Savings Potential: Direct Air Economizer + Direct Evaporative Cooling no. 36

37 NREL Map of Energy Savings Potential: Economizer + Direct Evap. + Multi-Stage Indirect Evap. Cooling no. 37

38 Direct / Indirect Dry-bulb Wet-bulb IASE Economizers by Climate Zone Direct / Indirect Dry-bulb Wet-bulb IASE Wet-bulb IASE Indirect Dry-bulb IASE IASE no. 38

39 One of Forty 16,000 CFM Heat Rejection Units For Sydney Data Center no. 39

40 no. 40

41 1.5" Drains ¾" Water Feed no. 41

42 no. 42

43 no. 43

44 NV Energy Data Center no. 44

45 no. 45

46 30,000 CFM Heat Rejection Units for a Data Center in WA no. 46

47 no. 47

48 Roof Layout for Quincy WA Data Center with (30) 30,000 CFM Heat Rejection Units. no. 48

49 25,000 CFM Design With Chilled Water Trim Coil no. 49

50 50,000 CFM Design with DX no. 50

51 Benefits of Recirculation IEC Cooling Systems For Data Centers Totally independent Units (no chiller dependency) Filters may be eliminated in the Cooling Units (compared to MERV 7 + MERV 13 filters for air-side economizers) reduced maintenance cost and fan power. No relief fans/pressure controls required with the cooling units. 1/3 the water flow rate and pressure compared to Water Side Economizer Systems Reduced risk from gaseous and particulate contamination and humidity. HX runs dry (ie no water consumed) in winter - recirculation air is cooled with O/A only. Therefore EPX has reduced water consumption compared to water-cooled chillers or direct evaporative cooling systems that consume water year-around. Excellent Control: Scavenger Air fans controlled by VFDs. Fan energy greatly reduced in winter, and at low ambient wet bulb conditions Reduction in Total peak demand load, redundant chillers and cooling towers, and backup generators. no. 51

52 Thank you!