Oracle WebLogic Server 10g R3: Monitoring and Performance Tuning

Transcription

1 Oracle WebLogic Server 10g R3: Monitoring and Performance Tuning Volume I Student Guide D58373GC10 Edition 1.0 May 2009 D60297

2 Author Aaron Campbell Technical Contributors and Reviewers Bill Bunch TJ Palazzolo Nagavalli Pataballa Editor Vijayalakshmi Narasimhan Graphic Designer Satish Bettegowda Publishers Pavithran Adka Syed Ali Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

3 Contents 1 Introduction Objectives 1-2 Agenda 1-3 Target Audience 1-4 Course Objectives 1-5 Course Agenda 1-6 Classroom Guidelines 1-9 Course Environment 1-10 Summary 1-11 Quiz Introduction to the WebLogic Diagnostics Framework (WLDF) Objectives 2-2 Road Map 2-3 Diagnostics 2-4 WebLogic Diagnostics Framework 2-5 WLDF Data 2-6 Section Summary 2-7 Quiz 2-8 Road Map 2-9 Preview of WLDF Services 2-10 WLDF Services 2-11 Categories of Components 2-12 Data Creators and Data Collectors 2-13 Archives 2-14 Data Accessors 2-16 Watches and Notifications 2-17 Managers 2-18 System Image Captures 2-19 Putting It All Together 2-20 Section Summary 2-21 Quiz 2-22 Road Map 2-23 MBeans and XML 2-24 Ways to Configure WLDF 2-25 iii

4 WLDF Components Configuration 2-26 Diagnostics System Module 2-27 Diagnostic System Module s Resource Descriptor 2-28 Referencing the Diagnostic System Module 2-29 Example Reference from config.xml 2-31 Resource Descriptor Configuration 2-33 Managing Diagnostic Modules 2-35 Section Summary 2-36 Quiz 2-37 Summary Generating Data Objectives 3-2 Road Map 3-3 Generating Data 3-4 Data Creators 3-5 Data Creators and Data Collectors 3-6 Types of Data Creators 3-7 Section Summary 3-8 Quiz 3-9 Road Map 3-10 The Need to Manage Applications 3-11 What Is JMX? 3-12 JMX Benefits 3-13 JMX Architecture 3-14 Agent Level 3-15 Instrumentation Level 3-16 Distributed Services Level 3-17 WebLogic JMX 3-18 MBeans 3-19 MBean Types 3-20 Runtime MBeans 3-21 MBean Servers 3-22 WLS MBeans Capabilities 3-25 MBean Types, Attributes, and Operators 3-26 Example MBean Reference 3-27 Getting Information Using MBeans 3-28 WLNav Tool 3-31 WLNav Benefits 3-32 WebLogic Navigation Tool 3-33 Section Summary 3-34 iv

5 Quiz 3-35 Practice 3-1 Overview: Browsing Runtime MBeans 3-36 Road Map 3-37 WLDF Instrumentation Component 3-38 Instrumentation Location Types 3-39 Diagnostic Actions 3-40 Diagnostic Monitors 3-42 Diagnostic Monitor Types 3-43 Delegating Monitors (Sampling) 3-44 Configuration Basics 3-45 Configuring Server-Scoped Instrumentation 3-46 Sample Server-Scope Instrumentation Descriptor File 3-47 Diagnostic Context 3-48 Request Dyeing 3-49 Section Summary 3-50 Practice 3-2 Overview: Creating a Diagnostics System Module 3-51 Practice 3-3 Overview: Creating Diagnostic Monitors 3-52 Summary 3-53 Quiz Gathering Data Objectives 4-2 Gathering 4-3 Oracle WebLogic Server 10g R3: Monitoring and Performance Tuning Data Collectors 4-4 Road Map 4-5 WLDF Logging 4-6 How WLS Uses Logging Services 4-7 Logging System 4-8 Server Logs 4-11 Subsystem Logs 4-13 Log Message Format 4-14 Message Attributes 4-15 Configuration Scenarios 4-18 Logging Volume Control 4-19 Rotating Log Files 4-21 Redirecting JVM Output 4-25 Log File Directories and Locations 4-26 Filtering WLS Log Messages 4-27 Filtering Domain Log Messages 4-29 Log4J Support 4-30 v

6 Configuring Log4J 4-31 Jakarta Commons API Support 4-32 Section Summary 4-33 Quiz 4-34 Road Map 4-35 Harvestable and Harvested Data 4-36 Harvested Metrics 4-38 Harvester 4-39 Configuring a Harvester 4-40 Specifying Complex and Nested Harvester Attributes 4-44 Using Wildcards in Harvester Instance Names 4-45 Harvesting from the DomainRuntime MBeanServer 4-46 Practice 4-1 Overview: Creating and Configuring Data Harvesters 4-47 Section Summary 4-48 Quiz 4-49 Road Map 4-50 Watches 4-51 Notifications 4-52 Watch and Notification Configuration: Overview 4-53 Configuring Watches 4-55 Configuring Notifications 4-60 Notifications 4-63 JMX Notifications 4-64 JMS Notifications 4-67 SNMP Notifications 4-73 Example 4-74 SMTP Notifications 4-75 Image Notifications 4-78 Specifying Complex Attributes in Harvester Watch Rules 4-81 Using Wildcards in Watch Rule Instance Names 4-82 Practice 4-2 Overview: Creating Watches and Notifications 4-83 Section Summary 4-84 Quiz 4-85 Road Map 4-86 Diagnostic Image Capture 4-87 Information Captured by Diagnostic Image Capture 4-88 Captured Image File 4-89 Configuring Diagnostic Images 4-90 Capturing Diagnostic Images 4-91 Practice 4-3 Overview: Manually Capturing a Diagnostic Image 4-93 Section Summary 4-94 vi

7 Quiz 4-95 Summary Accessing and Persisting Data Objectives 5-2 Accessing and Persisting 5-3 Road Map 5-4 What Are Data Accessors? 5-5 Data Accessors 5-6 Accessing Data Using Data Accessors: Basics 5-7 Online and Offline Accessors 5-8 Data Stores 5-9 Supported Data Store Types 5-10 Data Stores Accessed by Data Accessor 5-11 Section Summary 5-12 Quiz 5-13 Road Map 5-14 Accessing Diagnostic Data 5-15 Accessing Diagnostic Data Using the Administration Console 5-16 Accessing Data Programmatically Using Runtime MBeans 5-19 Access Diagnostic Data Online Using WLST 5-20 Accessing Diagnostic Data Offline Using WLST 5-22 Using WLDF Query Language with Data Accessor 5-24 Diagnostic MBeans 5-25 Section Summary 5-29 Practice 5-1 Overview: Accessing Data Gathered by WLDF 5-30 Quiz 5-31 Road Map 5-32 Data Archiver 5-33 Data Retirement Policy 5-35 Configuring a File-Based Store 5-36 Configuring a JDBC-Based Store 5-40 Viewing the Harvested Data 5-45 Section Summary 5-46 Practice 5-2 Overview: Setting Up a JDBC-Based Diagnostic Archive 5-47 Summary 5-48 Quiz Configuring a Diagnostic Context Objectives 6-2 Road Map 6-3 vii

8 What Is Diagnostic Context? 6-4 Context ID 6-5 Dyes and Dye Flags 6-6 DyeInjection Monitor 6-7 Types of Dyes 6-8 PROTOCOL Dye Flag 6-10 Dye Vector 6-11 Configuring the DyeInjection Monitor 6-12 Context Life Cycle 6-14 Section Summary 6-15 Quiz 6-16 Road Map 6-17 Dye Filtering 6-18 Configuring Dye Filters for Server-Scoped Monitors 6-19 Configuring Dye Filters for Application-Scoped Monitors 6-20 Dye Filtering Rules 6-21 Tracing Requests in the Log File 6-22 Tracing Requests Using the WLDF Data Accessor 6-24 Section Summary 6-25 Practice 6-1 Overview: Filter and Trace Requests 6-26 Quiz 6-27 Road Map 6-28 THROTTLE Dye Flag 6-29 THROTTLE_INTERVAL 6-30 THROTTLE_RATE 6-31 Configuring the THROTTLE Dye 6-32 Throttling Delegating and Custom Monitors 6-34 Section Summary 6-37 Quiz 6-38 Road Map 6-39 weblogic.diagnostics.context 6-40 DiagnosticContextHelper API 6-41 DiagnosticContextHelper Methods 6-42 weblogic.diagnostics.context Example 6-43 Section Summary 6-44 Practice 6-2 Overview: Throttling the Volume of Instrumentation Events 6-45 Summary 6-46 Quiz 6-47 viii

9 7 Filtering WebLogic Server Log Messages Objectives 7-2 Road Map 7-3 Log Messages 7-4 Loggers 7-6 Logger Object 7-7 Message Handlers 7-8 Handler Object 7-10 Creating a Handler 7-11 Subscribing a Handler 7-12 Client JVM Using WLS Logging Services 7-13 Instance of WLS 7-14 Administration Server 7-15 Filters 7-16 Severity Levels 7-17 Message Severity Levels 7-19 Section Summary 7-21 Quiz 7-22 Road Map 7-23 Setting Severity Level 7-24 Setting Severity Level for Loggers 7-25 Publishing Messages Based on Severity Level by the Logger 7-26 Example 7-27 Setting Severity Level for Handlers 7-28 Set Severity Level Using the Console 7-29 Set Severity Level Using WLST 7-30 Set Severity Level Using Java API 7-31 Publishing Messages by the Handler Based on Severity Level 7-32 Setting Severity Level on Log4j Appender 7-33 Section Summary 7-34 Quiz 7-35 Road Map 7-36 Setting Filter 7-37 Setting Filters for Loggers and Handlers 7-38 Setting a Filter for a Logger Object 7-39 Example of Implementing a Filter Class 7-40 Setting a Filter for a Handler Object 7-42 Setting a Filter on Log4j Appender 7-43 Filtering Messages Published by Logger Object Based on Filter Criteria 7-44 Example 7-45 Setting Severity Level and Filters on Message Handler 7-46 ix

10 Comparison of Java Logging Handlers with JMX Listeners 7-48 Section Summary 7-49 Practice 7-1 Overview: Creating and Applying a Logging Filter 7-50 Summary 7-51 Quiz Performance Monitoring Objectives 8-2 Road Map 8-3 Cost of Poor Performance 8-5 Terminology: Performance 8-6 Terminology: Scalability 8-7 Software Performance Engineering 8-8 Section Summary 8-10 Quiz 8-11 Road Map 8-12 Benchmarks 8-13 Section Summary 8-15 Quiz 8-16 Road Map 8-17 Load and Stress Testing 8-18 Performance Testing 8-19 Metrics 8-20 Results Reporting 8-21 Methodology 8-22 Methodology Tips 8-23 Section Summary 8-24 Quiz 8-25 Road Map 8-26 Load Testing Tools 8-27 Grinder 8-29 Distributed, Agent-Based Load Testing 8-30 Installing Grinder 8-32 Running Grinder 8-33 Setting Up a Test Directory for Grinder 8-34 The grinder.properties File 8-35 The httpscript.py File 8-36 Record Scripts with Proxy 8-38 Run the Tests 8-39 Test Results 8-40 out_host-n.log 8-41 x

11 Grinder Console 8-42 Grinder Summary Statistics 8-43 Section Summary 8-44 Quiz 8-45 Road Map 8-46 CPU Bound 8-47 I/O Bound 8-48 Database Bound 8-49 Network Bound 8-50 Changing WebLogic Server Properties 8-51 Things to Remember 8-52 Section Summary 8-53 Summary 8-54 Quiz Java Virtual Machine Basics Objectives 9-2 Road Map 9-3 Java 9-4 Java Virtual Machine (JVM) 9-5 Java Heap 9-7 Garbage Collection 9-8 JVM Tuning 9-10 JVM Implementations 9-11 Sun HotSpot VM 9-12 Oracle JRockit JVM 9-13 Section Summary 9-14 Summary 9-15 Quiz Java Tuning Sun HotSpot JVM Objectives 10-2 Road Map 10-3 Garbage Collection Review 10-4 Generational Garbage Collection 10-5 Review: Generational Heap 10-6 Sun HotSpot JVM Monitoring Tools 10-7 J2SE Monitoring and Management Architecture 10-8 Monitoring HotSpot VM 10-9 JConsole Remote Monitoring xi

12 Securing Remote Access JConsole JConsole Summary Monitoring Memory Monitoring MBeans Displaying Chart jps jstat jstat Usage jstat: Usage Tips jinfo Why Use jinfo jmap jmap: Usage Tips jstack Tuning GC Manually GC Algorithms Ergonomics Maximum Pause Time Goal Throughput Goal Footprint Goal Ergonomics Behavior Server-Class Machine Detection More Ergonomics Bit Enhancements Monitoring Heap and GC: JConsole Monitoring Heap: WLDF Console Extension Monitoring GC: verbose:gc Requesting GC Manually Sizing Heap Memory Evaluating GC Algorithm GC Tuning Tips Practice 10-1 Overview: Monitoring and Tuning Sun HotSpot JVM Summary Quiz Tuning Oracle JRockit JVM Objectives 11-2 JRockit JVM 11-3 JRockit Benefits 11-4 JRockit in the Configuration Wizard 11-5 xii

13 Garbage Collection Review 11-6 Generational Garbage Collection 11-7 Generational Heap: JRockit 11-8 JRockit Mission Control 11-9 JRockit Mission Control: Architecture JRockit Management Console JRockit Management Console Architecture Management Server JRockit Management Console Overview MBean Browser Memory Threads Runtime Triggers Exception Count Method Profiler Ctrl-Break Handler jrcmd Best Practices JRockit Runtime Analyzer Recording Engine Recording from JRockit Management Console JRA Recording from the Command Line Recording from jrcmd Recording from JRockit Command Line Recording Using Trigger Rules JRA Application General Tab Methods Tab Garbage Collection GCs Tab Details of a Selected GC Heap Overview Object Statistics Optimizations Lock Profiling JRockit Memory Leak Detector Memory Leaks JRockit Memory Leak Detector Tips to Avoid Memory Leaks xiii

14 Best Practices JRockit Garbage Collectors JRockit GC Tuning Tips Monitor Garbage Collection Monitoring Garbage Collection Detecting Low Memory Conditions Section Summary Practice 11-1 Overview: Monitoring and Tuning JRockit JVM Summary Quiz Core WebLogic Server Tuning Objectives 12-2 Road Map 12-3 Threads 12-4 Native IO Performance Pack 12-5 Socket Reader 12-7 Section Summary 12-9 Quiz Road Map Stuck Threads Auto Restart of Server Section Summary Quiz Road Map Garbage Collection Thresholds Section Summary Quiz Road Map Chunk Tuning Tuning Chunk Size Tuning Chunk Pool Size Section Summary Quiz Road Map Connection Backlog Buffering Section Summary Quiz Road Map Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Section Summary xiv

15 Summary Quiz Work Managers Objectives 13-2 Road Map 13-3 Work Managers 13-4 Default Work Manager 13-5 Work Manager Scheduling Guidelines 13-6 Section Summary 13-7 Quiz 13-8 Road Map 13-9 Request Classes Fair Share Request Class Response Time Request Class Context Request Class Constraints Maximum Threads Constraints Minimum Threads Constraints Capacity Constraints Referencing Classes or Constraints Section Summary Quiz Road Map Global-Level Work Managers Global Work Manager Component Global-Level Work Managers Application-Level Work Manager Component-Level Configuration Component-Level Work Managers Web Application-Level Work Managers Stuck Thread Work Manager Section Summary Quiz Road Map Backward Compatibility Migration to Work Managers Section Summary Road Map Understanding CommonJ Accessing CommonJ Work Managers xv

16 Mapping CommonJ to Work Managers Section Summary Practice 13-1 Overview: Using Work Managers Summary Quiz Tuning JSP Objectives 14-2 Road Map 14-3 What Is a JavaServer Page? 14-4 Introduction to JSP 14-5 JSP Request Processing 14-6 JSP Precompile 14-7 Using the JSP Compiler jspc 14-8 Using the precompile Parameter Java Compiler Page Check Interval Setting JSP Page Check Interval Setting Servlet Reload Check Interval keepgenerated Parameter verbose Parameter Page Directive and HTTP Session Session Timeout Session Invalidation jsp:usebean Scope Single Thread Model WebLogic cache Tag Logging Summary Practice 14-1 Overview: Tuning JSP Quiz Tuning JDBC Objectives 15-2 Road Map 15-3 What Is JDBC? 15-4 JDBC Drivers 15-6 JDBC Architecture 15-7 JDBC Drivers 15-8 Connection Pools 15-9 xvi

17 Data Sources Connection Pool Size Shrink Frequency Testing Connections Row Prefetch Statement Cache PinnedToThread Batch Updates Combining Transactions Transaction Isolation Levels Database Tuning Database Tuning: Oracle Database Tuning: SQL Server Practice 15-1 Overview: Tuning JDBC Summary Quiz Tuning JMS Objectives 16-2 Road Map 16-3 Definition: Java Message Service 16-4 Definitions: JMS Clients 16-6 Two Types of Domains 16-7 JMS Architecture 16-8 JMS Clients 16-9 Tuning JMS Clients Asynchronous Messages Aggregation and Message Pipeline Persistent Stores Comparing a JDBC Store with a File Store File Persistence Paging Message Buffer Size Throttling Throttling Techniques Quotas Threshold Flow Control Handling Expired Messages Configure Expiration Policy Expired Message Scanning xvii

18 Messaging Preference Acknowledgement Message Selectors Transactions Store and Forward (SAF) SAF Tuning Practice 16-1 Overview: Tuning JMS Summary Quiz Tuning EJB Objectives 17-2 Road Map 17-3 Enterprise JavaBeans 17-4 EJB Interfaces 17-6 EJB Application Structure 17-7 Stateless Session Beans 17-8 Pool Management Determining Pool Size Configuring a Stateless Session EJB Pool Message-Driven Beans (MDB) Configuring a Message-Driven EJB Pool Stateful Session Beans Cache Management What Happens When Cache Fills Up? Determining Cache Size Cache Tips Idle Timeout and Eligibility Cache Type Configuring a Stateful Session EJB Cache Entity Beans Configuring an Entity EJB Pool and Cache Combined Caching with Entity EJBs Cache Between Transactions The Process Cache Between Transactions: Example Entity Bean Concurrency Strategies Concurrency Strategies Entity Bean Concurrency Strategies Entity Bean Bulk Updates include-updates xviii

19 Setting include-updates Relationship Caching Setting Relationship Caching Field Groups Container-Managed Transactions (CMT) The <container-transaction> Tag Six Values of <trans-attribute> Transaction Attribute Tips Per-Method Isolation Level Design Considerations Transaction Timeout Entity Beans Multiple Configurations Client State EJB Invocation Design Patterns Coarse-Grained Versus Fine-Grained Summary Practice 17-1 Overview: Tuning EJB Quiz Tuning WebLogic Server Clusters Objectives 18-2 Road Map 18-3 What Is Clustering? 18-4 Load Balancing and Failover 18-6 Quiz 18-8 Road Map 18-9 Basic Cluster Architecture Multi-Tier Cluster Architecture Metropolitan Area Network Clustering Wide Area Network Clustering Communication in a WAN Quiz Road Map Load Balancers Performance Versus Cost Hardware Load Balancers Quiz Road Map HTTP Session State Replication xix

20 In-Memory Replication Persistent JDBC Replication Persistent File Replication Session Persistence Comparison Replication Configuration Section Summary Quiz Road Map Remote Calls Peer-to-Peer Communication Cluster Multicast Communication Practice 18-1 Overview: Tuning Session Persistence Summary Quiz (Appendix) Application-Scoped Instrumentation Objectives 19-2 Road Map 19-3 Review: Server-Scoped Instrumentation 19-4 Application-Scoped Instrumentation 19-5 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) and AspectJ 19-6 Conventional Technique 19-7 Aspect-Oriented Programming Technique 19-8 Joinpoints 19-9 Call Versus Execution Joinpoints Pointcuts Anatomy of a Pointcut Pointcut Signature Advice/Actions Anatomy of an Aspect Application-Scoped Deployment Descriptors Instrumentation Monitors Application-Scoped Delegating Monitors Custom Monitors Deploying Application-Scoped Instrumentation Section Summary Road Map Enable Instrumentation Create Descriptor File Add a Delegating Monitor Add a Custom Monitor xx

21 Define Pointcuts for a Custom Monitor Execution Pointcut Call Pointcut Joinpoint and Method Signatures Pointcut Examples Completed Deployment Descriptor Associate Descriptor File to Application Deploy the Application Section Summary Road Map Use Deployment Plans for Dynamic Control Hot Swap Capabilities weblogic.plangenerator Deployment Plan Elements Sample Deployment Plan Updating via the Administration Console Section Summary Summary (Appendix) WLDF Console Extensions Objectives 20-2 Road Map 20-3 WLS Administration Console 20-4 Extending the Admin Console 20-5 WLDF Console Extension 20-6 Console Extension Requirements 20-7 Installing the Console Extension 20-8 Displaying the Console Extension 20-9 WLDF Console Extension Section Summary Road Map Anatomy of the Console Extension Tabs Panel Overview Toolbar and Scrollbar View Panel Overview View Types Anatomy of a Chart Creating a View: Step Creating a View: Step Creating a View: Step Creating a View: Step xxi

22 Creating a View: Step Section Summary Road Map Data Collection and the CE Harvester Data: From WLDF Harvester Data: From the CE How Metric Data Is Collected Presenting Metric Data No Harvesting: Display Current Data Harvesting: Display Current Data Harvesting: Display Historical Data Harvesting: Display Current and Historical Data Working with Metric Charts and Graphs Displaying the Contents of the MBean Tree on the Metrics Tab MBean Tree Visual Cues Instrumentation Data: From WLDF Instrumentation Data: From the CE How Event Data Is Collected and Presented Method Performance Charts Working with Method Performance Charts and Graphs Displaying Requests Displaying Methods Section Summary Summary (Appendix) Tuning Other JVMs Objectives 21-2 Road Map 21-3 IBM Virtual Machine for Java 21-4 Performance Tips on AIX 21-5 Tuning Java on HP-UX 21-7 Section Summary 21-8 Summary (Appendix) CPU Monitoring Objectives 22-2 Road Map 22-3 Introduction 22-4 CPU Monitoring Tools 22-5 Windows Task Manager 22-6 iostat Command 22-7 xxii

23 Usage: iostat 22-8 vmstat Command 22-9 Usage: vmstat sar Command Usage: sar Other Useful Commands CPU Usage Section Summary Road Map Some Basics Bit Versus 64-Bit Advantage of 64-Bit Bit Applications Misconceptions Disadvantage of 64-Bit Beyond 64 Bits Section Summary Summary (Appendix) OS Tuning Objectives 23-2 Road Map 23-3 Windows 2000: Web Server Registry 23-4 MemCacheSize 23-5 ObjectCacheTTL 23-6 MaxCachedFileSize 23-7 Windows 2000: Background Services 23-8 Windows XP: Visual Effects 23-9 TCP Window Size TCP-Related Tuning Parameters Monitoring Tools ipconfig ping tracert netstat Windows Performance Monitor Microsoft Network Monitor Section Summary Road Map TCP-Related Parameters xxiii

24 Parameters in etc/system Parameters with CE Gigabit Cards TCP Settings for HP-UX inode Cache Size of the Buffer Cache Section Summary Road Map Maximum Transfer Unit Message Queue Limit File Handles Socket Queue Section Summary Summary (Appendix) Performance Enhancing Patterns Objectives 24-2 Road Map 24-3 Design Patterns 24-4 Fast Path 24-6 First Things First 24-7 Alternate Routes 24-8 Flex Time 24-9 Batching Slender Cyclic Functions Fast Lane Reader Section Summary Road Map AntiPatterns Excessive Dynamic Allocation Circuitous Treasure Hunt One-Lane Bridge Unnecessary Processing Sisyphus List Subset The god Class Section Summary Road Map Exceptions Logging Section Summary Road Map New Technologies xxiv

25 Hibernate AJAX XML Processing XML Streaming Section Summary Road Map Introduction Components Server Modes HSQL Server Mode HSQL Web Server HSQLDB Servlet In-Process (Standalone) Mode Memory-Only Mode HSQL Database Files Connecting to a Database HSQL Database Server HSQL Database Manager Closing the Database Section Summary Closing Thoughts Summary (Appendix) Working with Ant Objectives 25-2 Road Map 25-3 What Is Ant? 25-4 Executing Ant from the Command Line 25-5 Command-Line Execution 25-6 Ant Build Files 25-7 Example: A Simple Build File 25-8 Project Properties 25-9 Ant Targets Built-In Tasks Section Summary Road Map Compiling Java Applications Executing Java Applications Using Command-Line Arguments Defining System Properties Creating a Java Archive File xxv

26 Creating a Web Archive File Creating an Enterprise Archive File Deploy an Application Manipulating the File System Overview: FileSets and PatternSets Examples: FileSets and PatternSets Executing Another Build File A Complete Command-Line Example Web Application Build File Section Summary Summary Appendix A: Practices and Solutions xxvi