IMPACT AND CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN CURRENT SCENARIO

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1 131 IMPACT AND CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN CURRENT SCENARIO ABSTRACT MR. GURMEET SINGH*; MR. VINEET KUMAR SACHDEVA** *Lecturer, Naraini Group of Institutions, Chirao, Karnal. Haryana. **Assistant Professor, Naraini Group of Institutions, Chirao, Karnal. Haryana. In this paper, we characterize the problems and their impact on adoption. in addition, and equally importantly, we describe our experience and lessons learnt in construction of a cloud computing platform, cloud computing is a new general purpose internet-based technology through which information is stored in servers and provided as a service and on-demand to clients. In this we describe the reasons of that why people switch from traditional IT to the cloud and also discuss the characteristics and types of cloud computing. This paper describes cloud computing, a computing platform for the next generation of the Internet. The paper defines clouds, explains the business benefits of cloud computing, and outlines cloud architecture and its major components. In particular, we argue that with continued research advances in trusted computing and computation-supporting encryption, life in the cloud can be advantageous from a business intelligence standpoint over the isolated alternative that is more common today. KEYWORDS: Cloud, Computing, Information processing, security, privacy, Cost, scenario. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing to put it simply means Internet Computing. The Internet is commonly visualized as clouds; hence the term cloud computing for computation done through the Internet. With Cloud Computing users can access database resources via the Internet from anywhere, for as long as they need, without worrying about any maintenance or management of actual resources. Besides, databases in cloud are very dynamic and scalable. The Cloud has become a new vehicle for delivering resources such as computing and storage to customers on demand. Rather than being a new technology in itself, the cloud is a new business model wrapped around new technologies such as server virtualization that take advantage of economies of scale and multi-tenancy to reduce the cost of using information technology resources. This paper discusses the business drivers in the Cloud delivery mechanism and business model, what the requirements are in this space, and how standard interfaces, coordinated between different organizations can meet the emerging needs for interoperability and portability of data between clouds.

2 132 There is a critical need to securely store, manage, share and analyze massive amounts of complex data to determine patterns and trends in order to improve the quality of healthcare better safeguard the nation and explore alternative energy. Because of the critical nature of the applications, it is important that clouds be secure. The major security challenge with clouds is that the owner of the data may not have control of where the data is placed. This is because if one wants to exploit the benefits of using cloud computing, one must also utilize the resource allocation and scheduling provided by clouds. Therefore, we need to safeguard the data in the midst of un-trusted processes. WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING? The term cloud, as used in this white paper, appears to have its origins in network diagrams that represented the internet, or various parts of it, as schematic clouds. Cloud computing was coined for what happens when applications and services are moved into the internet cloud. Cloud computing is not something that suddenly appeared overnight; in some form it may trace back to a time when computer systems remotely time-shared computing resources and applications. More currently though, cloud computing refers to the many different types of services and applications being delivered in the internet cloud, and the fact that, in many cases, the devices used to access these services and applications do not require any special applications. Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common infrastructure, offering services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. The location of physical resources and devices being accessed are typically not known to the end user. It also provides facilities for users to develop, deploy and manage their applications on the cloud, which entails virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself. Recent interest in Cloud Computing has been driven by new offerings of computing resources that are attractive due to per-use pricing and elastic scalability, providing a significant advantage over the typical acquisition and deployment of equipment that was previously required. The effect has been a shift to outsourcing of not only equipment setup, but also the ongoing IT administration of the resources as well.

3 133 CLOUD COMPUTING DEFINING CLOUD COMPUTING A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.

4 134 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE India is growing at faster pace in information technology sector thereby showing a great potential for the cloud computing services. According to Springboard Research report (Jan 2009) SAAS India i.e. software as a service in India will register a compounded annual growth rate of 76%in the time period of Cloud computing services has huge opportunity in Indian market due to the large number of Small and Medium businesses (SMBs) which is at around 35 million and they want easy to use, reliable and scalable application that helps them to grow and expand their business. It has the potential to change the way IT hardware is purchased, designed and used. With its promise of infinite scalability and a pay-as-you-go pricing model, the primary benefit that cloud services extends to the large enterprise is greater business effectiveness at lower IT costs. For the small and medium business (SMB)segment, cloud services lower barriers to market growth by lowering technology costs and upfront investments and Cloud computing brings utility computing closer to reality. On the other side, improving high-speed connectivity, an emerging segment investing in IT infrastructure and increasing enterprise data centre expenditure are drivers that are expected to contribute to a growing cloud market. From the supply perspective, a maturing traditional IT market and an extremely competitive third-party data centre market are likely to be primary drivers of cloud services. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY o In this we will study about the reasons for switching traditional IT to cloud computing. o To study about the cloud computing in India. o To know characteristics of the cloud computing. o In this Paper we will study about different types and challenges of cloud computing. WHY SWITCH FROM TRADITIONAL IT TO THE CLOUD? There are many reasons why organizations of all sizes and types are adopting this model of IT. It provides a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Ultimately, it can save companies a considerable amount of money. o REMOVAL / REDUCTION OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE:-Customers can avoid spending large amounts of capital on purchasing and installing their IT infrastructure or applications by moving to the cloud model. Capital expenditure on IT reduces available working capital for other critical operations and business investments. Cloud computing offers a simple operational expense that is easier to budget for month-by-month, and prevents money being wasted on depreciating assets. Additionally, customers do not need to pay for excess resource capacity in-house to meet fluctuating demand.

5 135 o REDUCED ADMINISTRATION COSTS:-IT solutions can be deployed extremely quickly and managed, maintained, patched and upgraded remotely by your service provider. Technical support is provided round the clock by reputable providers like Think Grid for no extra charge, reducing the burden on IT staff. This means that they are free to focus on business-critical tasks, and businesses can avoid incurring additional manpower and training costs. IT giant IBM has pointed out that cloud computing allows organizations to streamline procurement processes, and eliminates the need to duplicate certain computer administrative skills related to setup, configuration, and support. o IMPROVED RESOURCE UTILIZATION:-Combining resources into large clouds reduces costs and maximizes utilization by delivering resources only when they are needed. Businesses needn t worry about over-provisioning for a service whose use does not meet their predictions, or under-provisioning for one that becomes unexpectedly popular. Moving more and more applications, infrastructure, and even support into the cloud can free up precious time, effort and budgets to concentrate on the real job of exploiting technology to improve the mission of the company. It really comes down to making better use of your time focusing on your business and allowing cloud providers to manage the resources to get you to where you need to go. Sharing computing power among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A side effect of this approach is that computer capacity rises dramatically, as customers do not have to engineer for peak loads. o ECONOMIES OF SCALE:-Cloud computing customers can benefit from the economies of scale enjoyed by providers, who typically use very large-scale data centers operating at much higher efficiency levels, and multi-tenant architecture to share resources between many different customers. This model of IT provision allows them to pass on savings to their customers. o SCALABILITY ON DEMAND:-Scalability and flexibility are highly valuable advantages offered by cloud computing, allowing customers to react quickly to changing IT needs, adding or subtracting capacity and users as and when required and responding to real rather than projected requirements. Even better, because cloud-computing follows a utility model in which service costs are based on actual consumption, you only pay for what you use. Customers benefit from greater elasticity of resources, without paying a premium for large scale. o QUICK AND EASY IMPLEMENTATION:-Without the need to purchase hardware, software licenses or implementation services, a company can get its cloud-computing arrangement off the ground in minutes. o HELPS SMALLER BUSINESSES COMPETE:-Historically, there has been a huge disparity between the IT resources available to small businesses and to enterprises. Cloud computing has made it possible for smaller companies to compete on an even playing field with much bigger competitors. Renting IT services instead of investing in hardware and software makes them much more affordable, and means that capital can

6 136 instead be used for other vital projects. Providers like Think Grid take enterprise technology and offer SMBs services that would otherwise cost hundreds of thousands of pounds for a low monthly fee. o QUALITY OF SERVICE:-Your selected vendor should offer 24/7 customer support and an immediate response to emergency situations. o GUARANTEED UPTIME, SLAS:-Always ask a prospective provider about reliability and guaranteed service levels ensure your applications and/or services are always online and accessible. o ANYWHERE ACCESS:-Cloud-based IT services let you access your applications and data securely from any location via an internet connection. It s easier to collaborate too; with both the application and the data stored in the cloud, multiple users can work together on the same project, share calendars and contacts etc. It has been pointed out that if your internet connection fails, you will not be able to access your data. However, due to the anywhere access nature of the cloud, users can simply connect from a different location so if your office connection fails and you have no redundancy, you can access your data from home or the nearest Wi-Fi enabled point. Because of this, flexible / remote working is easily enabled, allowing you to cut overheads, meet new working regulations and keep your staff happy! o TECHNICAL SUPPORT:-A good cloud computing provider will offer round the clock technical support. Think Grid customers, for instance, are assigned one of our support pods, and all subsequent contact is then handled by the same small group of skilled engineers, who are available 24/7. This type of support model allows a provider to build a better understanding of your business requirements, effectively becoming an extension of your team. o DISASTER RECOVERY / BACKUP:-Recent research has indicated that around 90% of businesses do not have adequate disaster recovery or business continuity plans, leaving them vulnerable to any disruptions that might occur. Providers like Think Grid can provide an array of disaster recovery services, from cloud backup (allowing you to store important files from your desktop or office network within their data centers) to having ready-to-go desktops and services in case your business is hit by problems. Hosted Desktops (or Hosted VDI) from Think Grid, for example, mean you don t have to worry about worry about data backup or disaster recovery, as this is taken care of as part of the service. Files are stored twice at different remote locations to ensure that there's always a copy available 24 hours a day, 7 days per week. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING o MANAGED METERING:-Uses metering for managing and optimizing the service and to provide reporting and billing information. In this way, consumers are billed for services according to how much they have actually used during the billing period.

7 137 o HIGH SCALABILITY:-Cloud environments enable servicing of business requirements for larger audiences, through high scalability. o AGILITY:-The cloud works in the distributed mode environment. It shares resources among users and tasks, while improving efficiency and agility. o HIGH AVAILABILITY AND RELIABILITY:-Availability of servers is high and more reliable as the chances of infrastructure failure are minimal. o COST SAVINGS: - Companies can reduce their capital expenditures and use operational expenditures for increasing their computing capabilities. This is a lower barrier to entry and also requires fewer in-house IT resources to provide system support. There are a number of reasons to attribute Cloud technology with lower costs. The billing model is pay as per usage; the infrastructure is not purchased thus lowering maintenance. Initial expense and recurring expenses are much lower than traditional computing. o MULTI-SHARING:-With the cloud working in a distributed and shared mode, multiple users and applications can work more efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure. o RAPID ELASTICITY:-Elasticity is defined as the ability to scale resources both up and down as needed. To the consumer, the cloud appears to be infinite, and the consumer can purchase as much or as little computing power as they need. This is one of the essential characteristics of cloud computing in the NIST definition. o MEASURED SERVICE:-In a measured service, aspects of the cloud service are controlled and monitored by the cloud provider. This is crucial for billing, access control, resource optimization, capacity planning and other tasks. o UBIQUITOUS NETWORK ACCESS:-Ubiquitous network access means that the cloud provider s capabilities are available over the network and can be accessed through standard mechanisms by both thick and thin clients. o ON-DEMAND SELF-SERVICE:- The on-demand and self-service aspects of cloud computing mean that a consumer can use cloud services as needed without any human interaction with the cloud provider. o SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE:- Uses a virtualized software model, enabling the sharing of physical services, storage, and networking capabilities. The cloud infrastructure, regardless of deployment model, seeks to make the most of the available infrastructure across a number of users. o DYNAMIC PROVISIONING:-Allows for the provision of services based on current demand requirements. This is done automatically using software automation, enabling the expansion and contraction of service capability, as needed. This dynamic scaling needs to be done while maintaining high levels of reliability and security.

8 138 o NETWORK ACCESS:- Needs to be accessed across the internet from a broad range of devices such as PCs, laptops, and mobile devices, using standards-based APIs (for example, ones based on HTTP). Deployments of services in the cloud include everything from using business applications to the latest application on the newest smart phones. o RELIABILITY:- Services using multiple redundant sites can support business continuity and disaster recovery. o MAINTENANCE:- Cloud service providers do the system maintenance, and access is through APIs that do not require application installations onto PCs, thus further reducing maintenance requirements. o SCALABILITY:-Companies can start with a small deployment and grow to a large deployment fairly rapidly, and then scale back if necessary. Also, the flexibility of cloud computing allows companies to use extra resources at peak times, enabling them to satisfy consumer demands. Flexibility benefits derive from rapid provisioning of new capacity and rapid relocation or migration of workloads. In public sector settings, cloud computing provides agility in terms of procurement and acquisition process and timelines. o MOBILE ACCESSIBLE:-Mobile workers have increased productivity due to systems accessible in an infrastructure available from anywhere. o RESOURCE POOLING:-Resource pooling allows a cloud provider to serve its consumers via a multi-tenant model. Physical and virtual resources are assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction. TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS PUBLIC CLOUDS:-The cloud infrastructure is available to the public on a commercial basis by a cloud service provider. This enables a consumer to develop and deploy a service in the cloud with very little financial outlay compared to the capital expenditure requirements normally associated with other deployment options. This environment can be used by the general public. This includes individuals, corporations and other types of organizations. Typically, public clouds are administrated by third parties or vendors over the Internet, and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. These are also called provider clouds. PRIVATE CLOUDS:- The cloud infrastructure has been deployed, and is maintained and operated for a specific organization. The operation may be in-house or with a third party on the premises. This cloud computing environment resides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organization s benefits. These are also called internal clouds. They are built primarily by IT departments within enterprises who seek to optimize utilization of infrastructure resources within the enterprise by

9 139 provisioning the infrastructure with applications using the concepts of grid and virtualization. HYBRID CLOUDS:-This is a combination of both private (internal) and public (external) cloud computing environments. The cloud infrastructure consists of a number of clouds of any type, but the clouds have the ability through their interfaces to allow data and/or applications to be moved from one cloud to another. This can be a combination of private and public clouds COMMUNITY CLOUD:- The cloud infrastructure is shared among a number of organizations with similar interests and requirements. This may help limit the capital expenditure costs for its establishment as the costs are shared among the organizations. The operation may be in-house or with a third party on the premises. Model Vendor (external) Cloud Benefit Quick startup time; no capital investment required. Allows outsourcing of non-core functions to a service provider. Leverages a highly scalable provider infrastructure. Uses a reliable and standardized software stack. Lower initial fees, variable costs, billed by usage. Private (internal) Cloud Quick startup and flexibility of resource allocation; requires capital investment. On-premise data and systems; allows direct support of governance and compliance, security, data privacy, etc; limited opportunities for reduction of staffing. Maybe a good choice when possible to leverage existing staff and investments; allows control of service levels and operational reporting. Cost savings through leveraging virtualization and more effective

10 140 Hybrid (mixed) Cloud use of assets to increase resource utilization and lower internal costs. Quick startup, but the integration of vendor and private cloud adds complexity. Can permit control of data and reduction of non-core focus. Allows selection of scalable provider infrastructure when needed; can allow internal control when required. Allows fine-grained sourcing of most appropriate technology and cost profiles; integration may constrain savings potential. Community Cloud Sharing service costs between organizations. Can be architected to permit information sharing between organizations without passing data into external network environments. CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING The following are some of the notable challenges associated with cloud computing, and although some of these may cause a slowdown when delivering more services in the cloud, most also can provide opportunities, if resolved with due care and attention in the planning stages. Despite its growing influence, concerns regarding cloud computing still remain. In our opinion, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks and the model is worth exploring. Some common challenges are: DATA PROTECTION:-Data Security is a crucial element that warrants scrutiny. Enterprises are reluctant to buy an assurance of business data security from vendors. They fear losing data to competition and the data confidentiality of consumers. In many instances, the actual storage location is not disclosed, adding onto the security concerns of enterprises. In the existing models, firewalls across data centers protect this sensitive information. In the cloud model, Service providers are responsible for maintaining data security and enterprises would have to rely on them.

11 141 SECURITY AND PRIVACY:- Perhaps two of the more hot button issues surrounding cloud computing relate to storing and securing data, and monitoring the use of the cloud by the service providers. These issues are generally attributed to slowing the deployment of cloud services. These challenges can be addressed, for example, by storing the information internal to the organization, but allowing it to be used in the cloud. For this to occur, though, the security mechanisms between organization and the cloud need to be robust and a Hybrid cloud could support such a deployment. Many organizations are uncomfortable with storing their data and applications on systems they do not control. Migrating workloads to a shared infrastructure increases the potential for unauthorized exposure. Consistency around authentication, identity management, compliance, and access technologies will become increasingly important. To reassure their customers, cloud providers must offer a high degree of transparency into their operations. DATA AND APPLICATION INTEROPERABILITY:-It is important that both data and applications systems expose standard interfaces. Organizations will want the flexibility to create new solutions enabled by data and applications that interoperate with each other regardless of where they reside (public clouds, private clouds that reside within an organization s firewall, traditional IT environments or some combination). Cloud providers need to support interoperability standards so that organizations can combine any cloud provider s capabilities into their solutions. MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES:-Despite there being multiple cloud providers, the management of platform and infrastructure is still in its infancy. Features like Autoscaling for example, are a crucial requirement for many enterprises. There is huge potential to improve on the scalability and load balancing features provided today. DATA AND APPLICATION PORTABILITY:-Without standards, the ability to bring systems back in-house or choose another cloud provider will be limited by proprietary interfaces. Once an organization builds or ports a system to use a cloud provider s offerings, bringing that system back in-house will be difficult and expensive. METERING AND MONITORING:-Business leaders will want to use multiple cloud providers in their IT solutions and will need to monitor system performance across these solutions. Providers must supply consistent formats to monitor cloud applications and service performance and make them compatible with existing monitoring systems. It is clear that the opportunity for those who effectively utilize cloud computing in their organizations is great. However, these opportunities are not without risks and barriers. It is our belief that the value of cloud computing can be fully realized only when cloud providers ensure REGULATORY AND COMPLIANCE RESTRICTIONS:-In some of the European countries, Government regulations do not allow customer's personal information and other sensitive information to be physically located outside the state or country. In order to meet such requirements, cloud providers need to setup a data center or a storage site exclusively within the country to comply with regulations. Having such an infrastructure

12 142 may not always be feasible and is a big challenge for cloud providers. With cloud computing, the action moves to the interface that is, to the interface between service suppliers and multiple groups of service consumers. Cloud services will demand expertise in distributed services, procurement, risk assessment and service negotiation areas that many enterprises are only modestly equipped to handle. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT: -As IT departments introduce cloud solutions in context of their traditional datacenter, new challenges arise. Standardized mechanisms for dealing with lifecycle management, licensing, and chargeback for shared cloud infrastructure are just some of the management and governance issues cloud providers must work together to resolve. LACK OF STANDARDS: -Clouds have documented interfaces; however, no standards are associated with these, and thus it is unlikely that most clouds will be interoperable. The Open Grid Forum is developing an Open Cloud Computing Interface to resolve this issue and the Open Cloud Consortium is working on cloud computing standards and practices. The findings of these groups will need to mature, but it is not known whether they will address the needs of the people deploying the services and the specific interfaces these services need. However, keeping up to date on the latest standards as they evolve will allow them to be leveraged, if applicable. CONTINUOUSLY EVOLVING:-User requirements are continuously evolving, as are the requirements for interfaces, networking, and storage. This means that a cloud, especially a public one, does not remain static and is also continuously evolving. CONCLUSION The objective of this research paper was to analyze the scope of cloud computing and we have outlined the challenges facing organizations that want to use the cloud. These issues lead to a call to action for the IT industry around a vision of an open cloud. We as industry participants must work together to ensure that the cloud remains as open as all other IT technologies., Cloud computing today is the beginning of network based computing over Internet in force. It is the technology of the decade and is the enabling element of two totally new computing models, the Client-Cloud computing and the Terminal-Cloud computing. The advantages present in a world where user interface augmentation is delivered using the same Web technologies used to deploy end-user access to application services opens up a wealth of opportunities for users with special needs. REFERENCES B. Michael. In Clouds Shall We Trust, IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 3, September/October C. H. Constantinos Evangelinos, Cloud Computing for parallel Scientific HPC Applications: Feasibility of Running Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Climate Models on

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