Zuverlässige Navigation für die Luftfahrt. Boubeker Belabbas Institute of Communications and Navigation

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1 Chart 1 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Zuverlässige Navigation für die Luftfahrt Boubeker Belabbas Institute of Communications and Navigation

2 Chart 2 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Overview Aviation requirements for navigation Ground Based Augmentation System Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Threat Analysis and Simulation Alternate Positioning Navigation and Time

3 Chart 3 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Error Sources satellite clock and transmitter satellite orbit corrections km ionospheric delay km interference tropospheric delay multipath 0-10 km <1 km monitoring - ground segment receiver

4 Chart 4 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Aviation Requirements for GNSS Navigation Differential GNSS navigation for safety critical applications Need instantaneous characterization of error: Integrity Error Bounds, Confidence Interval for Position Continuous Monitoring of critical quantities Also other performance parameters need to be guaranteed: Continuity Availability Accuracy Integrity Performance Oriented Navigation

5 Chart 5 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Approach Classifications Figure Source: Stanford University GBAS Approach Service Types (GAST): GAST C down to CAT-I GAST D CAT-II/III with autoland

6 Chart 6 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Autoland CAT-3 + Autoland Integration of FMS/ Autopilot/ Navigation System Navigation Performance plus Aircraft Performance = Total System Performance Additional constraints through CS- AWO 60m 3,8m (A320) 823m 763m RWY Centerline 45m wide RWY m 95% 8,2m

7 Chart 7 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Ground Based Augmentation System

8 Chart 8 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > GBAS Test Bed Status 4th receiver added 2 Javad Delta 2 TOPCON Net G3 Leica AR 25 chokering antennas External Clocks Temex No VDB but high rate data link

9 Chart 9 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > GAST-D Flight Tests with A320 2 Flights beginning of December 1h10 and 1h40 Total of 8 approaches (2+6) GAST-D navigation coupled to autopilot computer for FD display Guidance provided down to 500ft AGL thereafter go-around / landing GBAS navigation used for guidance during 5 approaches (Flight Director)

10 Chart 10 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > GAST-D Flight Test Results

11 Chart 11 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > ARAIM / ISM

12 Chart 12 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Beispiel Verfügbarkeit: GPS+Galileo vs. GPS+Galileo+GLONASS URA = 1m, b max = 0.75m, P FAULT =5x10-3, P CONST =10-7 Latitude (deg) (deg) GPS Galileo Galileo GLONASS Longitude 0 (deg) Longitude (deg) < 10 < 15 < 20 < 25 < 30 < 35 < 40 < 50 > 50 < 10 < % < VPL: < 25 m avg., < 30 35m < 35 avail < = % < 50 > % VPL: m avg., 35m avail = %

13 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Weltweite RAIM / ARAIM-Prädiktion MATLAB-basierte Vorhersage Echtzeitauswertung verfügbarer Satellitensignale Automatisierte Aktualisierung der Vorhersagedaten Java-Applet zur Darstellung im Browser weltweit verfügbar (derzeit nur im Intranet) Plattformunabhängig Plugin-Funktionalität: Klassisches RAIM (State-of-theart) ARAIM Weitere Verfahren geplant, z.b: SBAS (EGNOS)

14 Chart 14 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > GNSS Threat Analysis and Simulation Observe, Analyze and Model threats for aviation safety

15 Chart 15 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Motivation - NextGen and SESAR have identified GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) to be used as the prime navigation system for civil aviation - For en route and down to LPV200, SBAS (EGNOS, WAAS, ) have been identified to be the technology enablers - For precision approach of CAT I-II-III, GBAS (LAAS in US) is foreseen to progressively replace ILS - Augmented GNSS will enable additional services (Curved approach, 4D trajectories, ADS-B, Taxiing) Necessity to provide Integrity, Continuity and Availability of Satellite based Navigation Services!

16 Chart 16 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Threat Monitoring and Evaluation High Level Global Screening by Monitoring Network Fine Screening by Special Measurement Means Evaluation of Impact / Update of Threat Space / Countermeasures

17 Chart 17 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > High Level Global Threat Screening DLR s Global Real Time Observation Facilities +CONGO New Brunswick Maui Addis Abeba Singapore Wettzell Concepción O Higgins Operational Sensor Stations Sydney

18 Chart 18 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Threat Monitoring and Evaluation High Level Global Screening by Monitoring Network Fine Screening by Special Measurement Means Evaluation of Impact / Update of Threat Space / Countermeasures

19 Chart 19 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Fine screening Selected DLR s facilities Space Vehicle (SV) threats (e.g. signal deformation, clocks) Propagation threats (e.g. ionospheric effects) Local threats (e.g. interferences,multipath)

20 Chart 20 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Local Threats DME Interference Measurements GNSS VOR + DME

21 Chart 21 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Threat Monitoring and Evaluation High Level Global Screening by Monitoring Network Fine Screening by Special Measurement Means Evaluation of Impact / Update of Threat Space / Countermeasures

22 Chart 22 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Systematic Tests and Validation e.g. GBAS Autopilot Model Aircraft Model Signal generator System under test Threat scenario Control Unit Airborne Subsystem Evaluation Unit Ground Setup Model Signal generator Ground Subsystem

23 Chart 23 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > LDACS1 for an Alternate Navigation and Time Service

24 Chart 24 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Why APNT With LDACS1? LDACS1 as ranging system Aircraft performs range measurements towards LDACS1 ground stations Advantages: No additional NAV infrastructure No additional DMEs required Possible DME reduction Integrated Com/NAV solution Sustainable L-band usage Continuously transmitting LDACS1 ground stations act similar to GPS satellite

25 Chart 25 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Simulation Results

26 Chart 26 TU Graz > 5. Navigations-Get-Together > Boubeker Belabbas > Thank you for your attention!

GENERAL INFORMATION ON GNSS AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS

GENERAL INFORMATION ON GNSS AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS 1. INTRODUCTION Navigation technologies with precision approach and landing systems, for civilian and military purposes, enable aircrafts to perform their