Situation Evaluation of National Risk Assessment. -Tool and Guideline- (Version 1.0)

Transcription

1 Situation Evaluation of National Risk Assessment -Tool and Guideline- (Version 1.0) Global Risk Identification Programme (GRIP) UNDP/BCPR Geneva, Switzerland November

2 Version status and amendments in this release: Version Date Amendment Reason Nov., 2008 Draft the guideline Added a worksheet for risk information needs and requirements. Revised based on the mission to Bosnia Sep., 2008 This is the preliminary version of the tool. The guideline is not complete. Contact: carlos.villacis@undp.org 2

3 Acronyms and Abbreviations DRT UNDP BCPR GRIP NRA NRAF TAG NAG NRASC NRAT GIS RS GPS NDO NRIS NRP RIP CDP DLP DEM NRMP Disaster Reduction and Recovery Team United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Crises Prevention and Recovery Global Risk Identification Programme National Risk Assessment National Risk Assessment Framework Technical Advisory Group National Advisory Group National Risk Assessment Steering Committee National Risk Assessment Team Geographic Information System Remote Sensing Global Positioning System National Disaster Observatory National Risk Information System National Risk Profile Risk Information Portal Capacity Development Portal Disaster Loss Portal Digital Elevation Model National Risk Management Profile 3

4 Terminology Hazard: potentially damaging physical events, phenomenon or human activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazard profile: a description of the physical characteristics of hazards and a determination of various descriptors including sources of threats, magnitude, duration, frequency, probability, extent and intensity field (spatial distribution of intensity). Exposure: the number, types, qualities, and monetary values of various types of property or infrastructure and life that may be subject to an undesirable or injurious hazard event. Exposure is merely a quantification of what is at risk in the identified hazard zone. Vulnerability: the susceptibility to injury or damage from hazards, a synonym of fragility. It is a function of the prevalent hazards and the characteristics and quantity of resources or population exposed (or "at risk") to their effects. It is usually expressed as the damage ratio. Vulnerability can be estimated for individual structures, for specific sectors or for selected geographic areas, e.g., areas with the greatest development potential or already developed areas in hazardous zones. Vulnerability assessments are systematic examinations of building elements, facilities, population groups or components of the economy to identify features that are susceptible to damage from the effects of natural hazards. Consequences: the damages (full or partial), injuries, and losses of life, property, environment, and business that can be quantified by some unit of measure, often in economic or financial terms. It can be defined by the product of exposure and vulnerability or fragility. Loss estimation: a calculation in monetary amounts of the potential damage to structures and contents, interruption of services, displacement of residents and businesses caused by a hazard. A loss estimation attempts to quantify the consequences of hazard events. Risk: The potential losses associated with a hazard or extreme event, defined in terms of expected probability or frequency and consequences (damage or losses). Natural risk is a function of natural hazard, exposure and vulnerability or fragility. 4

5 Risk profile: A description of the risks facing a given place within a given timeframe (e.g., short: 0-5 years or less, medium: 5-10 years, long term: 10 years or more), in terms of hazard event scenarios; potential losses, and the probability of occurrence. A more comprehensive risk may include impacts of risk, categorization of risks, relative priority of the risks, risk tolerance levels, linkages between different levels of risks, ways of measuring the risk (qualitative and quantitative), key risk areas/hotspots, risk reduction measures, capacity of the risk takers to do risk management, learning needs and tools, etc. Probability: A statistical measure of the likelihood that a hazard event will occur. 5

6 List of Figures Figure 1 the situation evaluation process of national risk assessment. List of Tables Table 1 Indicators and criteria for evaluating risk assessment studies Table 2 Intermediate and basic data required in national risk assessment Table 3 Indicators and criteria for evaluating intermediate and basic data. Table 4 Mapping scales and application purposes. Table 5 a summary of desired expertise and skills in a national risk assessment team. Table 6 Indicators and criteria for evaluating professional expertise and skills Table 7 Indicators and criteria for evaluating institutional capabilities 6

7 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations Terminology List of Figures List of Tables 1. Introduction 2. Context and Approaches 2.1 Context 2.2 Approaches 3. Evaluation criteria 3.1 Risk Assessment Studies 3.2 Intermediate and Basic Data 3.3 Professional Expertise and Skills 3.4 Institutional Capabilities 4. Situation Evaluation Process 4.1 Identification and Inventory 4.2 Detailed Review and Evaluation 4.3 Overall Situation Evaluation 5. Reporting Annexes Worksheet 1: Inventory of risk assessment studies Worksheet 2: Inventory of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 3: Inventory of data sources (carriers) Worksheet 4: Inventory of publications and reports on risk assessment Worksheet 5: Inventory of institutions related to risk assessment Worksheet 6: Inventory of professional expertise and skills Worksheet 7: Inventory of risk information needs and requirements Worksheet 8: Evaluation of risk assessment studies Worksheet 9: Evaluation of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 10: Evaluation of professional expertise and skills Worksheet 11: Evaluation of institutional capabilities Worksheet 12: Overall national situation evaluation 7

8 1. Introduction This tools and guideline are designed to identify current status and baselines, issues and challenges, national strength and weakness, external support needs in the context of national risk assessment, which further serves as critical inputs to: the development of implementation strategy and action plan for national risk assessment; the establishment of institutional framework for national risk assessment; and the engagement mechanism of all stakeholders in national risk reduction. 2. Context and Approach 2.1 Context The situation of national risk assessment is evaluated from four dimensions: Risk assessment studies that have been done in the country, Data that can be used in risk assessment, Professional expertise and skills existing in the country, and Institutional capacity. On the basis of the detailed evaluation of the above-mentioned aspects, an overall national situation will be given, including current status, issues and challenges, strengths and weaknesses, and external support needs in the context of national risk assessment. 2.2 Approach The evaluation process is to complete 12 worksheets by using the following approaches: Multi-stakeholder workshops Group discussions Personal interviews Literature review Multi-stakeholder workshops National risk assessment is a multi-disciplinary process involving scientists, engineers, socio-economists, public decision/policy makers. The aim of risk assessment is to provide decision makers with better risk information for sound decision making and thus it is especially important to involve key stakeholders in the process from the very beginning so that they can understand the risk situation better. In this context, multi-stakeholder workshops are the best vehicles for stakeholder participation. During the course of situation evaluation, two multi-stakeholder workshops are proposed to be organized in terms of an analytic-deliberative approach, a decision-driven process interactively linking risk analysts and decision makers 1. The first multi-stakeholder workshop can be help at 1 Stern and Fineberg (1996): Understanding risk Informing decisions in a democratic society, National Research Council, National Academies Press: Washington, D.C., 264p. 8

9 the beginning of the assignment and after the detailed work plan for situation evaluation is in place. This is an orientation workshop aiming to explain the purpose, process, and key outcomes of the activity, and seek extensive supports from all stakeholders. Another multi-stakeholder workshop is to be held at the end of the situation evaluation process, which can serves as a scoping workshop for national risk assessment project. In the workshop, the following aspects are dealt with: 1) Current statue of national risk assessment 2) Problem formulation establish the overall dimensions of risk for the country. In particular, the workshop aims to articulate the context and focus for the decision/policy making process, including the following: Explore and profile known hazards in the country; Document elements that are vulnerable and or perceived to be at risk (physical and socio-economic assets); Evaluate (residential and commercial) growth potential over time; Define objectives of national risk assessment; Determine key risk decisions and performance measures (risk indicators and acceptable risk targets) that will be used to evaluate risk reduction strategies and policy alternatives; Document existing national risk reduction strategy, policies, and guidelines. 3) Establishment of the Steering Committee for National Risk Assessment (NRASC): During the scoping workshop, initiate the establishment of a steering committee for national risk assessment, which is composed of Technical Advisory Group (TAG) and National Advisory Group (NAG). Both advisory groups can build on the existing body of work and consultation to date by conducting stakeholder meetings. The NRASC is led by a national authority in charge of national disaster risk reduction. Both workshops can be facilitated either by UNDP Country Office or a national authority Group discussion During the course of the evaluation process, a series of group discussions can be held in terms of different themes such as earthquake, flood, drought, windstorm, etc. Each theme is brainstormed for the follows aspects: Risk assessment studies done Methodologies suitable for national risk assessment Data availability and gaps Professional expertise and skills Institutional capacity Exiting DRR strategy, framework, programmes In addition, group discussions can also provide excellent chances for national practitioners to under the concept of risk assessment. 9

10 2.2.3 Personal interviews Personal interviews are conducted for key informants who are quite familiar with the situation of risk assessment and its application in the country. Key informants usually can provide orientations to the situation evaluation Literature Review The situation evaluation team should systemically conduct a literature review of documents pertinent to risk assessments for all hazards with a focus on sudden onset natural hazards, for all scales (regional, national, state/territory, and local) including national/state/territory processes. 10

11 3. Evaluation Criteria 3.1 Risk assessment studies Risk assessment studies are mainly referred to as various projects implemented or to be implemented in the country by different organizations and institutions. The evaluation of risk assessment studies are based on the indicators and criteria shown in Table 1. Table 1 Indicators and criteria for evaluating risk assessment studies. Indicators Criteria Remarks Objectives & Scope Methodologies Data Applicability Replicability Integratability Documentation The clearness of problem statement decision framework objectives and boundaries of risk assessment The soundness and correctness of concepts, models, assumptions, methods used to conduct data analysis The appropriateness of data collected for the risk assessments The creditability of data sources The provision of raw data in the risk assessment report Uncertainty of data The usefulness of the recommendations and conclusions in risk-based decision/policy making The possibility of applying the methodologies used or developed in the study to other areas in the country, given the expertise and skills of local professionals The compatibility of the risk assessment results with the requirements and standards of GRIP Content: Report, Methodology Description, Database Systematically, structured International conventions Used to formulate policy GRIP standards, norms, requirements On objectives and scope The objectives and scope of a risk assessment includes the decision framework and the physical and analytical boundaries of the risk assessment. This should include a definition of the decision that needs to be made, the questions that must be answered to make the decision, and the type, precision, and certainty of the information necessary to answer the questions. Once the purpose of the risk assessment 11

12 has been verified, the rest of the review will focus on judging how well the risk assessment process fulfills its purpose. Specific boundaries of the analysis are sometimes established. For the purposes of a review, the key is to be sure that established constraints are (1) consistent with the purpose of the analysis (e.g., critical issues are not being ignored) and (2) appropriately observed by the analysis team. On methodologies Once the data are collected, they must be analyzed so that proper conclusions can be drawn. As with data collection, the data analysis methods should be clearly defined and defended. The answer to this question is based on the experience and skill of the analysts as well as whether the analysts used established and accepted methods. The reviewer should be able to easily see how the collected data were treated during the data analysis process. For example, raw data may be itemized on a table. The item numbers are then transferred to the data analysis component of the risk assessment to show how and where the raw data were actually analyzed. Also, data simulations may be used, and the impact from these simulations should be clear. Often, large amounts of data are analyzed in a risk assessment. To ensure that the proper recommendations are presented and appropriate conclusions are drawn, the results of the data analysis should be presented in a tabular, matrix, or other summary format. The recommendations and conclusions can then be derived and defended from these summary results. On data Data include both qualitative and quantitative information collected and analyzed during an assessment. It is essential to understand how data were collected for the risk assessment. The data collection methods should be clearly defined and defended in the risk assessment report. The raw data should be included as an appendix, or should be available in some form, so that the logical progression from data collection to data analysis to recommendations and conclusions is verifiable. The following are some questions to ask in evaluating data and information presented in risk assessment report: Did the risk assessment team develop the types of information needed by the decision makers? Is each type of information presented with the precision and certainty required by decision makers? Was an appropriate process used to gather and elicit the data dependably? Were skilled individuals used to facilitate the data collection process? Were appropriate subject matter experts involved throughout the risk assessment? 12

13 Were appropriate databases used to collect historical experience data? Were the databases used appropriately? On applicability A risk assessment is not complete if it does not contain recommendations and conclusions. Recommendations are made by the analysis team to improve the risk performance. The conclusions are an interpretation of the results of the data analysis. Conclusions are often made about the overall acceptability of risk. They also include other key observations about the risks, such as contributions, costs, vulnerable populations, etc. The reviewer should be able to easily see how the results from the data analysis were used to generate recommendations and conclusions. Recommendations and conclusions should be defended based on the data analysis results. If the conclusions do not tie in with the purpose of the analysis, then the risk assessment did not meet its main objective. Some recommendations and conclusions may be inflammatory to some audiences and should be worded appropriately. On replicability Replicability is designed to measure the possibility of applying the methodologies used or developed in the study to other areas in the country, given the expertise and skills of local professionals. On integrateability Integrateability is referred to as the compatibility of the risk assessment results with the requirements and standards of GRIP. On documentation The reports of risk assessment itself should clearly lead readers from the scope of the risk assessment through the recommendations and conclusion without the need for additional supporting materials, explanations or presentations. A well-documented report should be systematic and well-structured, containing reports, detailed methodology description, and databases containing raw data. 3.2 Intermediate and Basic Data Intermediate data are referred to as those that can be directly used to conduct risk analysis, whereas basic data are those that can be used to produce intermediate data. The desired intermediate and basic data are summarized in Table 2. 13

14 The intermediate and basic data may exist in many formats such as paper maps, tabular, digital maps, etc. Their quality can be checked against the criteria Coverage, Completeness, Correctness, Convention, Compatibility, Compilation, and Maintenance, as shown in Table 3. On Completeness The first step to evaluate the quality of a dataset is to check if the data set to be acquired is complete. A complete data set should contain all data required for risk analysis. However, non geospatial data models are perfect. Consequently, it is impossible, not necessary as well, to include all the attributes of the real entity. On Compilation or Collection The production and maintenance of high-quality geospatial data is a complex process. It is not only time-consuming but costly. In general, there are two ways to produce geospatial database: Compilation and Collection. Compilation refers to collecting data of different types (such as paper maps, satellite images, aerial photos, tabular data, existing GIS-enabled datasets) from different authoritative sources, e.g. GIS departments of national and local governments, transportation, infrastructure companies etc., and compiling and integrating these data into master database. Data compilers usually need to establish a close partnership with authoritative data carriers in order to get their database updated timely. In contrast, collection refers to directly collecting data using GPS. In general, compiled data is less expensive, with low precision. On Convention (Data Standard) There have been many different GIS technologies and data standards since it came into the world. Although the GIS industry has been striving to find a unified industry standard and data format, different datasets are still needed to be trans-formatted. Therefore, each dataset should be carefully checked in terms of its data format and the cost to transformation. On Concordance It refers to the consistence in the data model and structure of a dataset. Due to different special needs and requirements, many datasets were originally produced in different model and structure. On Coverage Coverage refers to the geographical coverage of datasets. It needs to check the dataset produced using the same method and quality standard. In addition, special attention should be also paid to the seamless integration of administrative boundaries at all levels. 14

15 On Correctness Geospatial data are not only required to be correct geometrically, but also contain correct attribute information. The different ways of data collections may yield difference in data correctness. Therefore, it is relatively important to check methodologies and techniques used to produce the datasets. For the time being, most geospatial data are derived from satellite imagery and aerial photos to assure the data quality. On Currentness Risk is always in a dynamic process. Therefore, the datasets of risk factors are required to be current and reflects any changes occurring in the near past. Known geospatial entities can be used to test the currentness of a dataset. For example, does the data set include new-built street or buildings? On Update and Maintenance It is to check how the data set is updated and maintained, in particular, the methodologies and techniques for data update. Data update and maintenance is crucial to data quality control and assurance. On Mapping Scale One of the most important issues in any zonation study is the selection of the appropriate scale to be adopted in the final output that would be the zonation maps with respect to different parameters (Table 4). The scale for the intended output maps in the light of the contemporary zonation methodologies is towards adopting the scale of 1:5000 with suggested mesh size of x degrees (roughly, 500 m x 500 m) in identifying, aggregating and analyzing the available data sets. The scales used in different applications will be considered in the light of the intended purpose of the zonation that has been conducted. Table 2 Intermediate and basic data required in national risk assessment. Category Data sets Remarks Intermediate Data Hazard Exposure Hazard zoning maps Probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) maps Peak ground acceleration (PGA) map Tsunami inundation maps Flood inundation maps Cyclone intensity maps Population, in terms of age, sex, income, ethnicity (e.g. caste, religion, language etc.), occupation, education, and settlement type (rural or urban); Buildings, in terms of residential, commercial, industrial, and public, high-rise building etc.; Livelihoods, i.e. livestock, crops, industries (the number, location Different mapping scales for different hazards Authoritative data sources include census, year book of economy, engineering department 15

16 Vulnerability Basic Data Geological hazards Hydrometeorological hazards Base maps and extent of exposure); Critical facilities, i.e. healthcare (hospitals, clinics, basic health unit, etc.), educational institutions (university, college, school, etc.), warehouses, stockpiles, banks, police stations, fire stations, etc.; and Infrastructures, i.e. roads, bridges, airports, ports, railways, dams, telecommunication network, power supply, etc. Expert-based empirical ranking Vulnerability indicators databases Vulnerability functions/curves Historic hazard events catalogue Surface fault rupture/fault lines Land seismic activity maps Epicenter distribution by decade, season, month, daytime, night time Liquefaction maps Lateral spread Local site response Historical landslide hazard maps Potential landslide source maps Flood plain maps Low-lying areas along the main river system Hydro-geological maps Location of glaciers & glacial lakes Vegetative cover mapping Tropical cyclone path maps Land-use map Coastal zonation map Geological map Geomorphology map Topography map Bathymetry Land movement speed map (vertical and horizontal) Bedrock Lithology Soil typology Groundwater table depth Land cover Runoff distribution Temperature distribution Wind field Satellite images (which years?) Aerial photography DEMs (preferable 30 meter resolution) Scanned, georeferrenced maps Derived from disaster loss databases 16

17 Table 3 Indicators and criteria for evaluating intermediate and basic data. Indicator Criteria Remarks Coverage Is the assessment geographically covered all the country? Completeness Do the attribute fields of the data set include all information required for risk assessment? Correctness The accuracy and precision, error of data Currentness When is the last time the dataset was recently updated? Is it already out of date? Convention What data standards or model are used to be created the dataset? Compatibility Are all datasets created following the same rules, processes, methods? Compilation The way of data produced or compiled, raw data, or compiled from different data sources, the credibility of data sources, etc. Maintenance How the data are updated and how often? Who? 17

18 Table 4 Mapping scales and application purposes. Mapping Scale Application Level Application Purposes Data Requirements 1:1,000,000 or smaller National 1:100,000-1:1,000,000 Provincial 1:25,000-1:100,000 District or Municipality 1:5,000-1:25,000 Municipality or Community 1:2,000 or larger Site Establishment of disaster management organizations ; Inventory of regional hazards; Identification of areas affected or threatened for an entire country. Draft regional development projects or large engineering projects; Utilized more for spatial analysis at this scale, although the type of analysis will mostly be qualitative, due to the lack of detailed information. Conduct the pre-feasibility study of developmental projects; GIS analysis capabilities are used extensively for hazard zonation. Formulate projects at feasibility levels; Generate hazard and risk map for existing settlements and cities; Planning disaster preparedness and disaster relief activities. Planning and design of engineering structure and in detail engineering measures to mitigate natural hazards; Data management and 3D visualization. National scale information is as required. The required details of the input data are low. The required details of the input data are still rather low. Sufficiently detailed slope information is required to generate Digital Elevation Models, and derivative products such as slope maps. The hazard data is more quantitative, derived from laboratory testing of materials and in field measurements. Nearly all of the data is of a quantitative nature. 18

19 3.3 Professional expertise and skills Risk assessment is a multi-disciplinary practice that involves many professionals and experts from different fields. A national risk assessment team would be ideally composed of the following specialists: o Disaster risk management specialist o Geological hazard (risk) specialists o Hydro-Meteorological hazard (risk) specialists o Structural engineers o Socio-economical experts o GIS specialists The key professionals identified are evaluated in terms of their general qualifications, adequacy for the respective assignment, experience in the country, and language, as shown in Table 5. Desired key professional expertise & skills are briefly summarized in Table 6. Table 5 Indicators and criteria for evaluating professional expertise and skills. Indicator Criteria Remarks General qualifications General education and training, positions held, professional level, international experience, length of experience, and so forth; Adequacy for the assignment Experience in the country Language Education, training, and experience in the specific sector, field, subject, and so forth, relevant to the particular assignment Knowledge of culture, administrative system, government organization; Knowledge of the local language and English In terms of the role playing in the team 19

20 Table 6 a brief summary of desired expertise and skills in a national risk assessment team. Category Profession Level Qualifications Expertise & Skills Experience Proposed duties & Responsibilities Disaster risk senior PhD or Masters in Disaster Project management & Management and/or any other coordination management related disciplines Applications of RA results 7-10 years of relevant experience including first hand experience and knowledge in disaster management in relation to risk assessments. As a team leader; Lead to develop methodological framework for NRA; Based on the key findings of the hazard risk and vulnerability assessments and on the prioritization from the Composite Risk Atlas, prepare specific set of recommendations on disaster risk reduction issues such as prevention and mitigation planning, policy, programming and post-disaster response for each island with linkage to the overall development strategy for Maldives Geological hazard risk Intermediate to senior Modeling and simulation of hazards, i.e. earthquake, landslide, tsunami Hydro- Meteorological hazard risk Intermediate to senior Flood, drought, cyclone, extreme weather hazards (hot and cold waves) With climate change Definition of hazard-prone areas; Creation of historic hazard events catalogue; Probability analysis of extreme events; Probabilistic hazard/event intensity mapping; Produce disaster risk profile. Structural engineers Intermediate to senior Masters Degree or equivalent in Civil/Structural Engineering and/or other relevant disciplines Economical scientists Sociological scientists Information management Intermediate to senior Intermediate to senior GIS, remote sensing, database management Economic loss modeling and estimation Macro-economic impacts Cost-benefit analysis Cost-effectiveness analysis Digitization, cartography, 20

21 3.4 Institutional capacity Institutional capacity consists of three aspects asset, expertise & skills, and capabilities. It can be evaluated in terms of mandate, expertise & skills, experience, resources, data & information sharing, networking, and relation to government (Table 7). Table 7 Indicators and criteria for evaluating institutional capabilities. Indicator Criteria Remarks Mandate Expertise & skills Experience Resources What is the role of the institution in governmental decision/policy making? Or is it a pure scientific research institution? What expertise & skills does the institution have for national risk assessment? What methodologies are used? Have the institution had experience in risk assessment? Funding, equipments, staff Reference to Table 6 Data & information sharing Networking Relation to Government Willingness to share data and information with others, data access, policy etc. Coordination, partnership, cooperation Partnership, cooperation, etc. 21

22 4. Situation Evaluation Process The situation evaluation of national risk assessment is a 3-step process (Figure 1). It can be described as follows: Steps Identification & Inventory Outcomes Inventories of risk assessment studies, publications, data, expertise & skills, institutional capabilities, etc. Detailed Review & Evaluation Identified data, methodologies, expertise & skills, institutional capabilities that can be used in national risk assessment. Overall National Evaluation Current status, issues & challenges, strengths & weaknesses, external support needs, etc. Figure 1 the situation evaluation process of national risk assessment. Step 1 Identification and Inventory Through a series of multi-stakeholders workshops, group discussions, and personal interviews, the evaluator is supposed to systematically identify risk assessment projects implemented in the country and associated publications and reports on risk assessment. Worksheet 1 is designed to inventory all risk assessment studies (i.e. projects) done or to be done or proposed in the country. It would be a good practice to hold one or several multi-stakeholders workshops to identify the activities related to risk assessment and disaster management. Another purpose of the multi-stakeholders workshops is to get all the parties involved in national risk assessment at the very beginning and thus raise their willingness to support. Worksheet 2 is mainly used to inventory the reports produced by risk assessment studies. However, it is also very necessary to inventory research papers published in both national and international journals. In particular, research papers can help to identify advanced professional expertise and skills existing in the country. Worksheet 3 inventories all the data carriers in the country, i.e. who or which organizations have the data required for national risk assessment, and how to access and acquire them, etc. Worksheet 4 is designed to inventory data within an individual data source, following the inventory of data sources. Special attention should be paid to data accessibility and the way of data acquisition. Different organizations have quite different data policy. 22

23 Worksheet 5 is designed to register all the organizations and institutions that are potentially involved in the disaster risk reduction process. This inventory can help to build up national advisory committees for national risk assessment. Worksheet 6 is designed to inventory the professional expertise and skills the organization or institution investigated may possesses. It can be also used to record the expertise and skills of individual professionals. The identification process can be performed by interviewing key informants, such as director of the organization, or through group discussions. Worksheet 6 is supposed to be used together with Worksheet 9. Worksheet 7 is designed to summarize the needs and requirements for risk information from different decision/policy makers, stakeholders, and the public. The risk information required can also be divided into three categories: Disaster Risk Management, Disaster Response, and Post-disaster Recovery in terms of the special demands of each phase of disaster management. Information required can be in different formats, such as report, tabular data, maps, database, etc. Worksheet 1: Inventory of risk assessment studies Worksheet 2: Inventory of publications and reports Worksheet 3: Inventory of data sources (carrier) Worksheet 4: Inventory of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 5: Inventory of organizations and institutions Worksheet 6: Inventory of professional expertise and skills Worksheet 7: Inventory of risk information needs and requirements Step 2 Detailed Review and Evaluation In this step, Worksheets 8-11 are used to evaluate relevant aspects: risk assessment studies, intermediate and basic data, professional expertise and skills, and institutional capabilities. The criteria for evaluation are pre-defined in Section 3. Worksheet 8: Evaluation of risk assessment studies / projects Worksheet 9: Evaluation of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 10: Evaluation of professional expertise and skills Worksheet 11: Evaluation of institutional capabilities Step 3 Overall National Situation Evaluation This step is to identify current status, issues and challenges, strengths and weaknesses, and external support needs (staff training, technical support) in risk assessment studies, data, professional expertise and skills, and institutional capabilities, by completing Worksheet 12. Worksheet 12: Overall National Situation Evaluation 23

24 5. Reporting The report on situation evaluation can be structured in 5 chapters, i.e. introduction, activities, Detailed Review and Evaluation, Overall Review and Evaluation, and Recommendation and Concluding Remarks (see details in Annex B). Chapter 1 Introduction briefly explains the purposes and objectives, expected outcomes of the assignment Chapter 2 Activities deals with the work plan, road map for implementation, detailed records and description on identification and inventory processes such as workshops, group discussions, personal interview, literature review, and so on, with pictures. Chapter 3 Detailed Review and Evaluation mainly examines risk assessment studies, existing methodologies and tools, data availability and quality, professional expertise and skills, and institutional capacity. Chapter 4 Overall Review and Evaluation Current status, issues and challenges, strengths and weaknesses, external support needs and requirements Chapter 5 Recommendations and Suggestions institutional framework for NRA governance, country-specific methodological framework, needs and requirements for capacity building, implementation strategy and action plan 24

25 Annexes A. Worksheets Worksheet 1: Inventory of risk assessment studies / projects Worksheet 2: Inventory of publications and reports on risk assessment Worksheet 3: Inventory of data sources (carriers) Worksheet 4: Inventory of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 5: Inventory of organizations and institutions Worksheet 6: Inventory of professional expertise and skills Worksheet 7: Risk information needs and requirements Worksheet 8: Evaluation of risk assessment studies / projects Worksheet 9: Evaluation of intermediate and basic data Worksheet 10: Evaluation of key professional expertise and skills Worksheet 11: Evaluation of institutional capacity Worksheet 12: Overall national situation evaluation 25

26 Worksheet 1: Inventory of Risk Assessment Studies / Projects Geographical Project Purpose Risk type Outcomes coverage Duration Funding Organization Implementing organization Status Remarks 26

27 Worksheet 2: Inventory of Publications and Reports on Risk Assessment Author Year Title Language Publisher Sources Remarks 27

28 Worksheet 3: Inventory of Data Sources (Carriers) Organization/ Contact Address Institution Information Data Available Format Acquisition Remarks 28

29 Worksheet 4: Inventory of Intermediate and Basic Data Dataset Name Compiled / maintained by (Contact person): Address Phone Format Computer compatible, Map or graphical, printed or analog, other Period covered (date): Geographical area covered: Description (sources and content) Availability Acquisition Published reference Other related databases or sources Other comments 29

30 Worksheet 5: Inventory of Organizations and Institutions related to Risk Assessment Organization Person in Charge Address Expertise & Skills Experience 30

31 Worksheet 6: Inventory of Key Professional Expertise and Skills Position Specialization Name Organization Qualifications Title & Level Expertise & Skills Experience Designed duties & Responsibilities 31

32 Worksheet 7: Risk Information Needs and Requirements Risk Information Required End Users Before Disaster During Disaster After Disaster 32

33 Worksheet 8: Evaluation of Risk Assessment Studies / Projects Project Name Indicators Criteria Comments Objectives & Scope Methodologies Data Applicability Replicability Integrateability Documentation Overall Evaluation: 33

34 Worksheet 9: Evaluation of Intermediate and Basic Data Quality Data Name Indicators Criteria Comments Geographical Coverage Completeness Correctness Currentness Convention Compatibility Compilation Maintenance Overall Evaluation: 34

35 Worksheet 10: Evaluation of Professional Expertise and Skills Category General Qualifications Adequacy for the assignment Criteria Experience Knowledge of Language Disaster Risk Management Geological Hazard Risk Hydro-Meteorological Hazard Risk Structural Engineers Economical Experts Sociological Experts Information management 35

36 Worksheet 11: Evaluation of Institutional Capabilities Organization/ Institution Indicator Criteria Comments Mandate Expertise & skills Experience Resources Data & Information sharing Networking Overall Evaluation 36

37 Worksheet 12: Overall National Situation Evaluation Current Status Issues and Challenges Strengths & Weaknesses External Support Needs Risk Assessment Studies Methodologies & Data Professional Expertise & Skills Institutional Capacity 37

38 B. Report template Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Activities Chapter 3 Detailed Review and Evaluation 3.1 Risk assessment studies 3.2 Existing methodologies and tools 3.3 Data availability and quality 3.4 Professional expertise and skills 3.5 Institutional capacity Chapter 4 Overall National Situation Evaluation 4.1 Current status 4.2 Issues and challenges 4.3 Strengths and weaknesses 4.4 External support needs and requirements Chapter 5 Recommendations and Suggestions 5.1 NRA governance framework 5.2 Country-specific methodological framework 5.3 Needs and requirements for capacity building 5.4 Implementation strategy and action plan Annexes a) Listing of activities with participants b) Inventories of risk assessment projects, reports, data, data sources, institutions, expertise and skills etc. c) Detailed review and evaluation forms 38