Cross-Platform. Mac OS X ЧЯУ

Transcription

1 Cross-Platform in C++ Mac OS X ЧЯУ Syd Logan Л А- зу Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Pans Madrid Cape Town Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico Citv

2 Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Author xiii xv xxiii xxv Introduction 1 Areas That Can Affect Software Portability 3 The Role of Abstraction 10 1 Policy and Management 17 Item 1: Make All of Your Platforms a Priority 17 Item 2: Code from a Common Codebase 22 Platform Factory Implementations 29 Implementation Classes 31 Platform-Specific Processeslmpl Classes 32 Creating the Instance Hierarchy 42 Organizing the Project in CVS or SVN 45 Makefiles and Building the Code 49 Item 3: Require Developers to Compile Their Code with Different Compilers 52 Item 4: Require Developers to Build Their Code on Multiple Platforms 56 Item 5: Test Builds on Each Supported Platform 60 Item 6: Pay Attention to Compiler Warnings 61 GNU Flags 62 Microsoft Visual C++ 63

3 viii Contents 2 Build System/Toolchain 65 Item 7: Use Whatever Compiler Makes the Most Sense for a Platform 66 Item 8: Use Native IDEs When Appropriate 61 Item 9: Install and Use Cygwin on Windows 71 Item 10: Use a Cross-Platform Make System 16 Make 17 Building on Windows 81 Autoconf/Automake 81 Imake 91 Installing on Mac OSX 91 Installing on Windows 91 Using Imake, an Example 93 Imakefiles 94 Building a Complete Program from Multiple Sources 95 Overriding Defaults with site.def 99 Eliminating #ifdefs in Code 101 Files Used by Imake 101 Building Projects with Subdirectories. J 108 Building Debug Software Configuration Management 131 Item 11: Use a Cross-Platform Bug Reporting and Tracking System 132 Accessibility 133 Ability to Track Platform-Specific Bugs 133 Bugzilla 133 Item 12: Set Up a Tinderbox 140 Item 13: Use CVS or Subversion to Manage Source Code 147 Setting Up and Using CVS 152 Item 14: Use Patch 157 An Example 158 Patch Options 161 Dealing with Rejects 162 Patch and Cross-Platform Development 163

4 Installation and Deployment 165 Item 15: Provide Support for Native Installers 165 XPInstall 166 Platform Installs 170 Operating System Interfaces and Libraries 221 Item 16: Use Standards-Based APIs (For Example, POSIX) 222 POSIX 222 Support for POSIX, SVID, XPG, and BSD 226 Using Standards Support in GCC 227 Microsoft Runtime Library Support for POSIX 231 Using GCC on Microsoft Windows 234 Deciding Which Standards to Support 240 Item 17: Consider Using a Platform Abstraction Library Such as NSPR 242 Why NSPR? 242 NSPR Basics 245 Threads 249 Additional NSPR Functionality 260 Miscellaneous Portability Topics 273 Item 18: Take Care When Using Floating Point 274 Don't Serialize Floating-Point Values as Binary 276 Equality 277 Item 19: Be Explicit Regarding the Sign of Char Types 278 Item 20: Avoid the Serialization of Binary Data 280 Item 21: Avoid Problems Related to the Size and Organization of Types 293 Size of Integer Types 293 NSPR and Types 296 Sizes and Efficiency 297 Integer Conversions 298 Struct Alignment and Ordering 299 User Interfaces 303 Item 22: Separate the User Interface from the Model 304 Separating the User Interface and Application Logic with Model/View 305 ix

5 X Contents Using Publish/Subscribe to Communicate between the View and the Model 318 Summary 322 Item 23: Develop a Cross-Platform User Interface Strategy 323 Issues Affecting Portable Cross-Platform G UI Development 323 Choosing a GUI Strategy wxwidgets 329 wxwidgets 331 Licensing 332 Installing wxwidgets 332 A Simple Example: Hello wxwidgets 335 Creating the Application User Interface 337 Building wxwidgets Applications 345 Controls and Events 349 Container Widgets 363 Dialogs 392 Composite Widgets 404 Internationalization and Localization Developing a Cross-Platform GUI Toolkit in C What is XUL? 428 DHTML 429 HTML 429 Scripting Language 433 The Document Object Model 434 Style Systems 437 XUL 438 Windows and Dialogs 439 Boxes 439 Toolbars 440 Menus 441 Controls 441 Other Widgets 442 Programming with XUL 442 Adding Logic to the UI with JavaScript 443

6 Contents xi Interfacing JavaScript and C/C++ Code with XPCOM and XPConnect 444 Trixul 446 Widget Support in Trixul 447 Basic Operation of Trixul 448 Widgets 449 Implementation Classes 452 Creating Widget Implementation Objects 459 Widget Factories 463 Application Main Loop 466 Steps Taken by Trixul to Create a User Interface 471 Documents, Elements, and the DOM 472 Widget Creation 475 Layout 477 Scrolled Windows and Layout 484 Integration with JavaScript 485 Integrating with C++ Components 496 Index 519