How To Understand Cloud Storage In A Flash Memory Flash Memory Hard Disk Drive (Hard Disk) And Flash Memory (Flash Memory) (Flash) (Hard Drive) (Non-Flash) Hard Disk Drives (Harddrive) (Sustained)

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1 Innovative Hard Disk Drives And SSDs For Cloud Applications WHD 2015, Rainer Kaese Toshiba Electronics 2015 Toshiba Europe Corporation GmbH 1

2 Abstract What are cloud specific Hard Disk Drives and Solid State Drives? How do they differ from traditional Enterprise Drives? Modern cloud computing architectures and applications generate specific technical and commercial requirements for the storage components. Toshiba as the only manufacturer of HDD and SSD with NAND Flash Memory devices of its own production - tailors these exactly to the need of the industry. This presentation introduces specialty drives for cloud applications, and explains their benefits and advantages. 2

3 Toshiba Storage Positioning Full Storage Product Portfolio - from Flash to SSD to HDD Broad Storage Solution Lineup Hard Disk Drives Solid State Drives Flash Memory Trad. Enterprise Near-line Mobile SSHD Industrial Desktop Client Enterprise 3

4 HDD Requirements for Cloud Computing Optimize CAPEX & OPEX (Infoplosion...) Low Price High Capacity Low Power Consumption 24/7 Operation Reasonable Reliability (Protection by system...) Could be lower than traditional enterprise Moderate Performance (Hot Data on SSD...) 7200rpm, or lower Moderate Workload Ie. Read/Write <50x Full Capacity / Year 4

5 HDD Class Parameter Comparison Device Class Enterprise Capacity Enterprise Cloud Consumer / Desktop Toshiba Model MG04SCA/ACA MC04ACA DT01ACA Form Factor Capacity (2015) 1 6 TB 2 6 TB TB Spindle Speed 7200 rpm 7200 rpm 7200 rpm Interface SAS / SATA SATA SATA Operating Duty 24/7 24/7 8h/day Rated workload 550 TB/year 180 TB/year 55 TB/year MTTF h h h Warranty 5 Year 3 Year 2 Year 5

6 Rated Workload Mechanical components are stressed while moving Components are dimensioned for certain workloads Lower workload = Lower tolerances required Lower material cost... Workload in TB/year: Sum of written and read data 550 TB/year ~ 90*6 TB, or 17 MB/s in average 180 TB/year ~ 30*6 TB, or 6 MB/s in average 6

7 Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) Statistical value to estimate drive reliability (Failures to expect under median operating Conditions) Based on sample Population Estimated by statistical Measurements and Acceleration Algorithms Example Cloud HDD : h MTTF Drives in operation, 1 failing drive per hour MTTF does not predict an individual drive s reliability. ( h = 91 years...) MTTF does not constitute a warranty. 7

8 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) Statistical number of failing drives per year AFR 1 e 1year ( ) MTTF[ h] 1 e 8760h ( ) MTTF[ h] Exponential term to consider drives which failed already Low AFR (as for HDD), simplifies to 8760h 8760h AFR[%] % 6 MTTF[ h] h 11 drives (out of 1000) expected to fail per year Within the Warranty Time As long as drives operated within specification Comparison: 2 Mio h ~ 0.4% / 1.4 Mio h ~0.6% / 600k h ~ 1.5% 8

9 Toshiba SSD/Flash Position Strong Flash Memory Foundation: Technology, Manufacturing, Cost, Supply Early Access: Newest Flash Memory Technology for SSD Products Vertical Integration: In-house SSD Controller to best manage in-house Flash Cost Competitiveness: Full use of in-house Flash Memory Flexibility: In-house Flash Memory Supply and Capacity Broad Portfolio: From SAS to SATA to PCIe Yokkaichi Operations 9

10 SSD Requirements for Cloud Computing Optimize CAPEX & OPEX (Infoplosion...) Low Price High Capacity Low Power Consumption Optimized/Scalable Write Endurance!!! Background: Flash Memory Cells wear-out when erased! More Data to Write Higher Flash Memory Cell s Quality More spare Cells to replace worn-out Cells Higher Cost $ per GB is scaling with Write Endurance!!! 10

11 Write Endurance Level 1 DWPD for read intensive applications Data/Media Streaming, Content Delivery Network, Web-site Hosting 3 DWPD Balance between write endurance and $/GB Cloud Storage Servers, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, Servers 10 DWPD for mainstream general applications Read/Write Cache and Databases 30 DWPD for write intensive applications Write Cache and Online Transaction Protocol, basically unlimited write 11

12 Enterprise SSD -- Wide Endurance Lineup Device Class High Endurance Mid Endurance Value Endurance Value Endurance Read Intensive Read Intensive Toshiba Model PX02SS PX02SM PX03SV HK3E2 PX03SN HK3R2 DWPD Interface type SAS SAS SAS SATA SAS SATA Interface speed (max.) 12.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 6.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 6.0 Gbit/s Flash Technology 24nm MLC 24nm MLC 19nm MLC A19nm MLC 19nm MLC A19nm MLC Phys. Cap (max) (*) 2TiB 2TiB 2TiB 1TiB 2TiB 1TiB User Cap (max) (**) 0.8TB 1.6TB 1.6TB 0.8TB 1.6TB 0.96TB %Overprovisioning 175% 37% 37% 37% 37% 12% Warranty 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year Total Byte Write 44PB 29PB 9PB 4.4PB 3PB 1.8PB (*) Physical Capacity in TiB (1024*1024*1024*1024 Byte) (**) User Capacity in TB (1000*1000*1000*1000 Byte) 7% Difference 12

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