A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code NOVEMBER 2013

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1 A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code NOVEMBER 2013

2 Glossary of Terms This Guide uses some technical terms. To help make this Guide easier to understand, a Glossary of the terms used is set out below: Acquisition means when someone buys (which means they acquire) some shares from a Shareholder in a company Allotment means when the company issues new shares to someone Associate means a person who has some kind of relationship with a Shareholder in the Code Company, and the relationship likely involves some kind of influence about how their shares could be voted Change of Control or Control-Change means when someone increases their level of ownership to any level above 20% of the company s shares. A Control-Change Transaction could be a Takeover Offer or it could be an Acquisition or an Allotment, etc Code Company means a company that the Takeovers Code applies to Compulsory Acquisition means when a Shareholder with 90% of the company s Voting Rights (shares) can or must buy the remaining shares from the other Shareholders Dominant Owner means a Shareholder (or two or more Shareholders acting together) with 90% or more of the company s Voting Rights Offeror means a person who makes a Takeover Offer Parcel of shares means the shares that a Shareholder owns, as recorded in a company s share register Resolution means the topic or question that the company s Shareholders are asked to vote on at a meeting of the company s Shareholders Shareholder means a person who holds shares in the company. In this Guide the word Shareholder is used to mean a person who holds or controls Voting Rights Transaction means when people buy or sell something. In this Guide, Transaction is used to describe when people are buying or selling shares (i.e., buying or selling Voting Rights this can be by way of a Takeover Offer, an Acquisition or Allotment or when a company buys back its own shares) Takeover Offer means when someone wants to buy all of a Code Company s shares (this kind of Takeover Offer is called a full Takeover Offer) or wants to buy a proportion of a Code Company s shares (this kind of Takeover Offer is called a partial Takeover Offer) Voting Right means the right to vote that is attached to a share. Shareholders with shares that have Voting Rights can vote at meetings of a company s Shareholders. This Guide often calls Voting Rights shares just to use a simpler term, but the Takeovers Code actually applies to the Voting Rights that attach to shares i / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

3 Table of Contents Glossary of Terms i Flowcharts Depicting Transactions under the Takeovers Code 2 Introduction 6 What is the Takeovers Code? 6 What is a Code Company? 7 How does the Takeovers Code work? 7 How does the Takeovers Code affect small Shareholders? 8 The 20% threshold: stop right there, it s the fundamental rule! 8 The 50% threshold: doing takeovers and creeping 9 The 90% threshold: Compulsory Acquisition of shares 10 What kinds of Transactions have to comply with the Takeovers Code? 11 Who are Associates? 11 There are some exemptions from having to comply with the Takeovers Code 12 What responsibilities do Code Companies have for their Shareholders? 12 What should Shareholders do? 12 What is the Takeovers Panel and what does it do? 13 What is the process for making a complaint to the Panel? 14 What the Takeovers Code and the Takeovers Panel DO NOT do 14 The Takeovers Code is complex talk to an expert 15 Where to go for more information 15 The Takeovers Code at a Glance 16 Disclaimer This Guide explains the Takeovers Code in a simplified way. The Guide avoids technical detail in order to provide a conceptual understanding of the Code for shareholders. The Guide should not be relied upon as providing a legal explanation of the Code. It does not give financial advice. Investors should not rely on it for understanding all of their rights and obligations under the Takeovers Code. Investors should take their own legal and financial advice from a qualified professional. A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 1

4 Flowcharts Depicting Transactions under the Takeovers Code New Zealand s Takeovers Code became law in Its purpose is to ensure that Shareholders in Code Companies are well informed of, and can participate in, Changes of Control in their company. The Flowcharts show the major steps of the Code s processes for three types of Code-regulated Transactions. However, these are just examples. There are other kinds of Transactions that are also regulated by the Takeovers Code. Simplified Flowchart of a Full Takeover of a Code Company Offer Process: Takeover Notice to Code Company Offeror gives takeover notice to Code Company (now called a target company ) stating intention to make a Takeover Offer Takeover Offer to Shareholders Offeror sends Takeover Offer to all target company days Shareholders 14 days Target company statement to Shareholders Target company statement and the report from independent adviser is sent to all Shareholders Compulsory Acquisition If Offeror reaches 90% level before offer period ends, Offeror gives notice of dominant ownership See Flowchart of a Compulsory Acquisition End of offer period Going unconditional Offer must go unconditional by 14 days after end of offer period (or 30 days in some circumstances) at the latest Appointment of independent adviser Target company appoints an independent adviser approved by the Takeovers Panel to prepare advice for the Shareholders on the merits of the Takeover Offer Offer period is days (can be for 150 days in some circumstances) Shareholders can accept offer at any time up to the close of the offer period (or reject offer by doing nothing) When do Shareholders get paid? Did Offeror reach more than 50% (and go unconditional)? No Takeover fails Yes Takeover succeeds Did offer go unconditional before the end of the offer period? Yes No Payment is 7 days after offer goes unconditional Payment is on the latest of these dates: 7 days after offer goes unconditional or 7 days after Shareholder accepted the offer or 7 days after closing date that was stated in the Takeover Offer document 2 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 3

5 Simplified Flowchart of a Compulsory Acquisition (after a takeover) Compulsory Acquisition process: Offeror reaches 90% level, is now a Dominant Owner Immediately Dominant Owner sends notice of dominant ownership to target company Up to 30 days after end of Takeover Offer period Dominant owner sends acquisition notice to Shareholders who didn t accept the Takeover Offer. The notice states the Shareholders obligations and rights under the Compulsory Acquisition When do Shareholders get paid? Did Shareholder sign and return to Dominant Owner the documents provided with the acquisition notice? No Yes 7 days after Dominant Owner receives the signed documents payment is sent to the Shareholder 28 days after Dominant Owner sent the acquisition notice, payment is given to the target company to hold on trust for the Shareholder Dominant Owner acquires the Shareholder s shares 4 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

6 Simplified Flowchart of a Shareholder Meeting (e.g., to approve an Acquisition or Allotment) Shareholder Meeting process: Code Company appoints an independent adviser approved by the Takeovers Panel to prepare advice for the Shareholders on the merits of the Transaction Code Company sends a notice of meeting and the report from the independent adviser to all the Shareholders At least 10 working days later Code Company holds a meeting for the Shareholders to vote on the Resolution about the person who wants to increase their ownership of the company s Voting Rights At meeting or by proxy Shareholders Vote NO: Transaction does not proceed Shareholders vote YES: Transaction proceeds and person increases their Voting Rights % A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 5

7 Introduction This Guide explains how takeovers and other kinds of Transactions are regulated by the Takeovers Code in New Zealand. The Takeovers Panel has also published a series of Fact-Sheets for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code, available on the website of the Takeovers Panel ( This Guide explains the types of companies that the Takeovers Code applies to (these companies are called Code Companies ). It also explains how the Takeovers Code works and the role of the Takeovers Panel. This Guide will help Shareholders in Code Companies to understand how the Takeovers Code protects their rights. The Guide will also help Shareholders to understand what happens when a person wants to increase their level of ownership of the company, and this causes a Change of Control, for example, by making a Takeover Offer under the Takeovers Code. An explanation is also included in this Guide about the company s obligations to the Shareholders when a Change of Control occurs. What is the Takeovers Code? In a nutshell, the Takeovers Code is a rule book regulating Changes of Control of Code Companies. A Control-Change Transaction involves an increase above 20% in the ownership of Voting Rights by a Shareholder and its Associates in a Code Company (i.e., crossing the 20% threshold or, if already above 20%, increasing their ownership further). The rules of the Takeovers Code are intended to ensure that Shareholders will have all of the information they need and plenty of time to make their decision about the Control-Change Transaction. A phrase that is sometimes used to describe how the Takeovers Code works is the Code imposes pause and publicity. The pause concept is about the timing rules in the Takeovers Code that lay down when each step of a Transaction can happen, so that all the Shareholders have adequate time to make a decision about the Transaction. The publicity concept is about the advance notice and information that Shareholders must be given about someone wanting to increase their ownership of the company. The information given to Shareholders describes how the person intends to carry out a Transaction such as an Acquisition or an Allotment, or make a Takeover Offer. 6 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

8 What is a Code Company? To be a Code Company, the company has to be registered on the Companies Office Register of New Zealand Companies. If a corporate entity is not registered on that Companies Office Register, then it is not a Code Company. So, unit trusts and overseas companies are not Code Companies. New Zealand registration is only part of the requirement. In addition to being a New Zealand registered company, the company also has to EITHER have listed shares trading on the NZX (in other words, be a listed company); OR have 50 or more Shareholders AND 50 or more Parcels of shares. Parcels of shares can be owned jointly by two or more Shareholders. For example, there could be three trustees of a family trust who jointly own one Parcel of shares for the trust. Each of the trustees is counted when calculating the number of Shareholders to see whether the company has 50 or more Shareholders. Then the number of Parcels of shares is counted to see whether the company has 50 or more Parcels of shares. If it has 50 or more Shareholders AND 50 or more Parcels of shares, it is a Code Company. The counting of the Parcels of shares as well as the number of Shareholders ensures that smaller companies are not subject to the Code and therefore to the costs of compliance with the Code. The Takeovers Code does not apply to smaller companies because the costs of Code compliance are likely to exceed the benefits for smaller companies. How does the Takeovers Code work? The Takeovers Code is designed to apply to Changes of Control of a Code Company. For example, say a Code Company has one or two very large Shareholders who own around half of the company s shares. Those large Shareholders have a high level of control over the company. Any increase in their level of ownership of the shares is a Control-Change Transaction, which must be carried out in compliance with the rules of the Takeovers Code. This means that all the other Shareholders have the opportunity to participate in that Control- Change Transaction. The way they participate depends on the type of Control-Change Transaction. If, for example, the Control-Change Transaction is an Allotment, the other Shareholders will have an opportunity to vote on whether the Allotment should be made. A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 7

9 How does the Takeovers Code affect small Shareholders? Small Shareholders in a Code Company will usually participate in Transactions that are regulated by the Takeovers Code, in three circumstances: When a Takeover Offer is made for some or all of their shares; When Shareholders are asked to vote about another Shareholder wanting to do an Acquisition or receive an Allotment; When their shares are subject to a Compulsory Acquisition. This will occur when another Shareholder becomes a 90% Shareholder of the company. The 20% threshold: stop right there, it s the fundamental rule! Page 16 of this Guide has The Takeovers Code At A Glance. It gives a snapshot view of how increases in the ownership of shares can be made in compliance with the Takeovers Code. The core of the Takeovers Code is its fundamental rule (rule 6). The fundamental rule prohibits shareholding increases above 20% of a Code Company s Voting Rights, except for increases that are made under the Takeovers Code s rules. A person who wants to increase their shareholding above the 20% level has to consider their own share ownership percentage and ALSO any shareholding of their Associates. These percentages have to be added together when calculating whether the 20% threshold might be crossed, or whether it has already been crossed. This means that a Shareholder with even a very small percentage of the shares might have to comply with the Takeovers Code if that Shareholder has Associates who own large Parcels of shares in the Code Company. See page 11 of this Guide for more information about Associates. A person can increase their shareholding in a Code company in a number of ways. For example, the person can make an Acquisition of a Parcel of shares from a Shareholder in the company, or the company might make an Allotment of new shares to the person, or the person could make a Takeover Offer to all of the other Shareholders. 8 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

10 The 50% threshold: doing takeovers and creeping Another important threshold in the Takeovers Code is 50% of the company s Voting Rights. This is an important threshold in takeovers. It also allows Shareholders who already have more than 50% of the company s Voting Rights to creep higher. These concepts are dealt with in the following paragraphs. Takeovers A person can make a Takeover Offer (this person is called an Offeror ) to all of the company s Shareholders for all of the company s shares. This is called a full Takeover Offer. An example of a full Takeover Offer is the takeover of Fisher & Paykel Holdings Limited in 2012 by Haier New Zealand Investment Company Limited. Or a Takeover Offer can be to all of the Shareholders for just a portion of their shares. This is called a partial Takeover Offer. An example of a partial Takeover Offer is the partial takeover of PGG Wrightson Limited in 2011 by Agria (Singapore) Pte Ltd. In a full Takeover Offer the Offeror has to get a minimum level of acceptances (which can be anywhere from over 50% to up to 90%) for the takeover to succeed. If the Offeror does not reach more than 50% of the company s Voting Rights before the offer period ends, the takeover fails. That means that the Offeror cannot take up ANY of the shares from the acceptances, and everyone stays at the shareholding level they had before the Takeover Offer was made. It s a bit more complicated in a partial Takeover Offer. The Offeror can make a partial Takeover Offer for a portion of the company s shares (this is called the specified percentage ) that would get the Offeror s shareholding to EITHER: More than 50% of the Voting Rights. The rules for this are quite similar to a full Takeover Offer. The offeror has to get enough acceptances to get to more than 50% of the company s Voting Rights for the takeover to succeed; OR 50% or less of the Voting Rights. For these partial Takeover Offers the Shareholders are asked to vote for or against the Takeover Offer (i.e., to allow the Takeover Offer to proceed or to stop it from proceeding). In addition, they have to decide whether to accept the Takeover Offer or not. If the Offeror gets enough acceptances of the Takeover Offer to get to the percentage that was specified in their Takeover Offer, AND if a majority of the votes that Shareholders cast gave their approval for the Takeover Offer, the takeover succeeds. If the Offeror gets more acceptances than are needed to get to the percentage of ownership specified in a partial Takeover Offer, the acceptances will be scaled back proportionately from Shareholders who accepted the Takeover Offer. The rules of the Takeovers Code ensure that the scaling back is done fairly across the acceptances. A partial Takeover Offer fails if the Offeror does not receive enough acceptances to get to the percentage of ownership specified in the Takeover Offer or, if a vote was required for the Takeover Offer, does not get enough votes. Just like in a full Takeover Offer, if a partial Takeover Offer fails, the Offeror cannot take up any of the shares, and everyone stays at the shareholding level they had before the Takeover Offer was made. The creep rule The Takeovers Code has some built in flexibility for Shareholders who own more than 50% of the Code Company s shares. The Takeovers Code allows these Shareholders (but NOT their Associates) to creep by up to 5% of the company s Voting Rights each year. In other words, a Shareholder with more than 50% can buy more shares without having to comply with the Takeovers Code s rules. But they must not buy more than 5% of the company s shares over any 12-month period. A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 9

11 The 90% threshold: Compulsory Acquisition of shares The Takeovers Code includes rules for Compulsory Acquisition of the Shareholders shares. Compulsory Acquisition means that a Shareholder who owns at least 90% of all the shares can (or must) buy all of the rest of the shares. The Takeovers Code has rules about the price that has to be paid for these shares. A Shareholder who reaches the 90% threshold in a Code Company is called a Dominant Owner. The Dominant Owner has to notify the Code Company that the 90% threshold was crossed. The Dominant Owner has to make a choice. EITHER: A compulsory sale the Dominant Owner requires the remaining Shareholders to sell their shares to the Dominant Owner. This is what usually happens, and it means that all the remaining Shareholders have to sell their shares to the Dominant Owner; OR A voluntary sale the remaining Shareholders are asked if they want to sell their shares, and if they do want to sell their shares then the Dominant Owner has to buy them. Voluntary sales are very rare. If the 90% threshold is crossed during a Takeover Offer, the Compulsory Acquisition price for the other Shareholders shares is usually the same as the price that was paid to the Shareholders who accepted the Takeover Offer. In some cases an independent adviser who has been approved by the Takeovers Panel is appointed to determine the price. For every other kind of Transaction that gets a Shareholder to the 90% threshold, the Compulsory Acquisition price has to be a fair and reasonable cash price. This price is determined by an independent adviser who has been approved by the Takeovers Panel. The Shareholders whose shares are Compulsorily Acquired can sometimes object to the price they are paid. The notice about the Compulsory Acquisition tells them whether they have the right to object to the price or not. Although some Shareholders might feel disappointed if they are subject to a compulsory sale under a Compulsory Acquisition, these rules do also benefit Shareholders by ensuring that they do not have their share-investment locked into a company with a 90% owner. Without the Compulsory Acquisition rules, small Shareholders might have no opportunity to sell their shares at a fair price. Shareholders in Code Companies should keep in mind the possibility that one day their shares could be Compulsorily Acquired. It does not happen often, but it does happen. 10 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

12 What kinds of Transactions have to comply with the Takeovers Code? The 20% threshold is the key to working out whether a Transaction has to be carried out in compliance with the Takeovers Code. If someone (together with their Associates) would cross the 20% threshold, or if a Shareholder is already over that threshold, the Takeovers Code probably applies to the Transaction. The following are examples of Transactions that require compliance with the Takeovers Code (assuming that increases occur above the 20% threshold): a capital raising, for example through a rights issue: Even if a rights issue is offered to all Shareholders in the company, not all Shareholders will take up their rights to buy more shares. That means that some Shareholders Voting Rights percentage will increase and some Shareholders percentage will decrease; a buyback by the Code Company of some of its own shares from just one or two Shareholders, or an offer to buy back some shares from all of the Shareholders: This can cause some Shareholders percentage of Voting Rights to increase. The increase happens because the shares bought by the company get cancelled or lose their Voting Rights, leaving fewer Voting Rights in existence. This increases the Voting-Rights-percentage of the shares that are still owned by the Shareholders; an Acquisition of a Parcel of shares from a Code Company Shareholder: The person who acquires the Parcel of shares will increase their percentage of Voting Rights in the company; an Allotment of new shares by the Code Company (for example, as payment to a person for some goods or services, or under a dividend reinvestment scheme): The person who has the new shares issued to them under the Allotment will increase their percentage of Voting Rights in the company; setting up a family trust and transferring Code Company shares to the trustees of the trust: The trustees will acquire the shares, so their percentage of Voting Rights in the company will increase. Who are Associates? Shareholders in a Code Company who have a relationship with each other may be regarded as being Associates. For example, if the relationship means that one of the Shareholders has some level of influence about how the other Shareholder s shares might be voted at a meeting of the company s Shareholders, then these two Shareholders might be Associates of each other. Associates always need to be taken into account when making calculations about the 20% threshold in the Takeovers Code. The definition of Associate in the Takeovers Code is very wide. For example, it covers situations where people act very closely together, or where one person acts in accordance with another person s wishes. A company and its subsidiary companies will always be Associates of each other. The Associate rule can also apply to people who have some kind of business relationship or personal relationship or ownership relationship. The Takeovers Panel ultimately decides if the circumstances of a Transaction and the nature of the relationship makes these people Associates or not. The Panel has published guidance information on its website about the Associate rule ( A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 11

13 There are some exemptions from having to comply with the Takeovers Code The Takeovers Panel has granted some class exemptions from compliance with the Takeovers Code. Some of these class exemptions are subject to conditions that have to be complied with. The Takeovers Panel can also grant exemptions from compliance with the Code for individuals. Individual exemptions usually are granted where the circumstances of a Transaction mean that compliance with the Takeovers Code would be impossible or unreasonable. Individual exemptions are often subject to conditions that the exempted person has to comply with. What responsibilities do Code Companies have for their Shareholders? When a Takeover Offer is made, the Code Company has to send detailed information to all of the Shareholders about the Takeover Offer. This information is called a target company statement. It is similar for a Control-Change Transaction such as an Acquisition or an Allotment that requires the approval of the company s Shareholders at a Shareholders meeting. For these Transactions the Code Company has to send detailed information to all of the Shareholders about the Transaction in a notice of meeting. The information that is sent to Shareholders must always include the advice of an independent adviser on the merits of the Transaction. The independent adviser is appointed by the Code Company with the approval of the Takeovers Panel. The directors of the Code Company have to make a recommendation to the Shareholders about what the Shareholders should do regarding the Transaction. If the directors choose not to make a recommendation to the Shareholders, they must give their reasons for not doing so. What should Shareholders do? Shareholders should carefully read all of the information that is sent to them before taking any action. It is especially important when faced with a Takeover Offer that Shareholders wait for the information from the Code Company s directors and from the independent adviser, before taking any action. The Takeovers Code ensures that Shareholders will have time to read all of the information and to decide what they want to do. What happens if a Shareholder does nothing in response to a Takeover Offer? If a Shareholder 12 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

14 does not accept a Takeover Offer the Shareholder will usually get to keep their shares. If many Shareholders refuse to accept a Takeover Offer, the offer might not succeed. But if the Offeror reaches the 90% threshold, then even Shareholders who did not accept the Takeover Offer will be subject to the Compulsory Acquisition process, as described on page 10 of this Guide. What happens if a Shareholder does nothing in response to a notice of meeting about an Acquisition or an Allotment? Not voting at a Shareholders meeting (or not sending in a proxy vote if a Shareholder cannot attend the meeting in person) has the effect of increasing the percentage of other Shareholders votes that are cast for or against the Resolution. Why is this? Because a Resolution is passed if more than 50% of the votes that are cast support the Resolution. Not voting is not the same thing as casting a vote against a Resolution. What is the Takeovers Panel and what does it do? The Takeovers Panel is a Government-body organisation. It is a specialist group with expertise in takeovers. Information about current Panel members is available on the Takeovers Panel s website ( The Takeovers Panel enforces compliance with the Takeovers Code. In many ways the Takeovers Panel is like a referee in a sports game it ensures that the rules of the Takeovers Code are followed, without taking sides. If someone breaches the Takeovers Code the Takeovers Panel can convene an enforcement hearing very quickly, especially when a takeover is involved. The Panel acts as a judicial tribunal at an enforcement hearing. The Panel can issue summonses and take evidence on oath. If the Takeovers Panel finds that a person breached the Takeovers Code it can make orders to temporarily prevent certain actions from being taken. If necessary, the Panel can ask the High Court to make permanent orders against a person. After an enforcement hearing the Takeovers Panel can make costs orders. If the Panel finds that a person breached the Takeovers Code it can make costs orders against that person. If the Panel finds that no one breached the Takeovers Code, it can make costs orders against a person who requested the Panel to hold the enforcement hearing. These orders require the person to reimburse the Takeovers Panel for all of the expenses of holding the enforcement hearing. As well as enforcing compliance with the Takeovers Code, the Takeovers Panel approves the firms that act as independent advisers for Shareholders under the Takeovers Code. The Takeovers Panel ensures that the independent adviser is competent and is independent from the Code Company and independent from any person who is involved in the Transaction. This ensures that the independent adviser can give informed and unbiased advice for the Shareholders. The Takeovers Panel can also grant exemptions from compliance with the Takeovers Code in appropriate circumstances. A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 13

15 What is the process for making a complaint to the Panel? There is no formal process required for making a complaint. Any person can phone or write to the Takeovers Panel s staff (written complaints are preferred, and s are fine) about a person who might not be complying with the Takeovers Code. The Takeovers Panel is more likely to be able to investigate and take action if the person making the complaint has some evidence that they can provide, but this is not always essential. The Takeovers Panel can keep the identity of the complainant confidential. There is also a formal process under the Takeovers Act that can be followed to request the Takeovers Panel to hold an enforcement hearing. Legal advice should always be taken before doing this. What the Takeovers Code and the Takeovers Panel DO NOT do Neither the Takeovers Code nor the Takeovers Panel has any role in deciding whether a Takeover Offer or any other kind of Transaction is good or bad. The Panel does not have a role in determining what price should be offered by a person wanting to buy a Parcel of shares or wanting to make a Takeover Offer. It is only in a Compulsory Acquisition that the Takeovers Code has pricing rules. The Takeovers Panel does not take sides. It is impartial and it acts only to ensure compliance with the Takeovers Code. Shareholders must decide for themselves whether to accept a Takeover Offer or not, or whether to vote for or against a Resolution about a Transaction at a Shareholders meeting. The Takeovers Code is a rule book on processes that must be followed, and on information that must be provided to Shareholders to assist their decision-making. The Takeovers Code does not tell Shareholders what decision they should make. The Code does not stop low or opportunistic offers from being made. The Takeovers Code provides a level playing field with transparent processes. The Takeovers Panel s staff are there to help with general information about the Takeovers Code and to receive and investigate complaints about breaches of the Takeovers Code. They do not provide legal advice. 14 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

16 The Takeovers Code is complex talk to an expert Any Shareholder in a Code Company who is near to or over the 20% threshold should get expert advice from a law firm experienced with the Takeovers Code. For the Takeovers Code At A Glance, see the next page of this Guide. Where to go for more information More information on the Takeovers Code and the Takeovers Panel is available on the Panel s website ( The Takeovers Code can be found under the Quick Links on the website, and also on the Legislation page. It can be downloaded for free. A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code / 15

17 The Takeovers Code at a Glance Level of Voting Rights owned Code compliant methods of increase Nil or up to 20% Up to 20% (including all Associates) increase by any means. More than 20% see below. 20% 50% A Takeover Offer, being: a full offer conditional on reaching more than 50%; or a partial offer conditional on reaching more than 50%; or a partial offer to go to a lower percentage approved by the Code Company Shareholders. An Allotment of new shares, with Shareholders approval. An Acquisition of an existing Parcel of shares, with Shareholders approval. A buyback by the Code Company of some of its own shares, with Shareholders approval. More than 50%, but less than 90% A Takeover Offer, being: a full offer; or a partial offer. An Allotment of new shares, with Shareholders approval. An Acquisition of an existing Parcel of shares, with Shareholders approval. Acquisitions of up to 5% of the Code company s shares over any 12-month period ( creeping ). A buyback by the Code Company of some of its own shares, with Shareholders approval. 90% or more Dominant Owner By any means (if already at 90% or more). If a person becomes a Dominant Owner through a Transaction under the Code, they must either: Compulsorily Acquire all remaining shares ( compulsory sale ); or Acquire any shares put to the Dominant Owner by the remaining Shareholders ( voluntary sale ). 16 / A Basic Guide for Shareholders about the Takeovers Code

18 Contact us Level 3, Solnet House, 70 The Terrace PO Box 1171, Wellington 6011, New Zealand Phone: Fax: takeovers.panel@takeovers.govt.nz