Long Term Flood Solutions

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1 Long Term Flood Solutions Things we can do: Structural and Non-Structural Options 28th Annual Red River Basin Land & Water International Summit Conference January 18, 2011, Fargo, ND John Jaschke, Executive Director MN Board of Water and Soil Resources

2 Multiple Benefits: Flood Damage Reduction Water Supply Water Quality Fish and Wildlife Habitat Economic Growth

3 BWSR Mission Improve and protect Minnesota s water and soil resources by working in partnership with local governments with a focus on private land conservation and clean water projects 78% of MN is private land ownership. 20-member board: - local governments (12) - citizens (3) - state agencies (5) 70 Staff in 8 offices Oversight/Assistance: - 90 SWCDs - 46 Watershed Districts - 87 Counties - 23 metro WMOs

4 MN Local Water Management

5 MS 103D Watershed Act (1955)

6

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8 Minnesota landscape changes Existing Wetlands in Minnesota

9 Frequent Highly variable Summer and Spring events Causes Glaciers Settlement pattern along rivers Unique hydrology and geography Anthropogenic?

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11 Flood Damage Reduction Options A. Protect/Evacuate and replace/repair things damaged by floodwater. Short-term. B. Relocate/Elevate/Floodproof people and property. Long-term. C. Keep floodwater away from people and property they care about. Long-term. 1. Wall it off temp. or permanent structures. 2. Divert/Redirect it. 3. Store/Slow it upstream.

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13 Flood Damage Reduction Options A. Retreat and replace/repair things damaged by floodwater. Short-term. B. Relocate/Elevate/Floodproof people and property. Long-term. C. Keep floodwater away from people and property they care about. Long-term. 1. Wall it off temp. or permanent structures. 2. Divert/Redirect it. 3. Store/Slow it upstream.

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15 Flood Damage Reduction Options A. Retreat and replace/repair things damaged by floodwater. B. Relocate/Elevate/Floodproof people and property. C. Keep floodwater away from people and property they care about. 1. Wall it off temp. or permanent. 2. Divert/Redirect it. 3. Store/Slow it upstream.

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17 Flood Damage Reduction Options A. Retreat and replace/repair things damaged by floodwater. B. Relocate/Elevate people and property away from floodwater. C. Keep floodwater away from people and property they care about. 1. Wall it off temp. or permanent structures. 2. Divert/Redirect it. 3. Store/Slow it upstream.

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20 Flood Damage Reduction Options A. Retreat and replace/repair things damaged by floodwater. B. Relocate/Elevate people and property away from floodwater. C. Keep floodwater away from people and property they care about. 1. Wall it off temp. or permanent structures. 2. Divert/Redirect it. 3. Store/Slow it upstream.

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22 Red River Basin Runoff Timing Zones Relative to the Mainstem

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24 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 1. Wet dams A dam constructed to maintain a permanent pool of water, while providing temporary storage of stream flows for flood control, may also provide wildlife habitat, water quality improvement and recreation. Can be designed with gated or automatic draw-down control outlet structures. A constant source of inflow is needed for pool maintenance. A management plan incorporating downstream predicted peak-flows is essential to maximize flood damage reduction potential and habitat benefits.

25 Bois de Sioux Watershed District North Ottawa Project, Grant County, MN March 29, 2009

26 North Ottawa Impoundment Bois de Sioux Watershed District Project: Water control on 75 sq mi of Rabbit River drainage from Grant & Otter Tail Counties. 16,000 acre-ft gated storage = 75% of 100-yr spring runoff. Benefits: Reduce peak at Wahpeton/Breckenridge by 5%. Low flow augmentation enhancing fisheries Protection of roads & bridges Protection of 1,000s of acres of cropland Migratory waterfowl feeding & nesting on over 1,000 acres Total Project Cost: $18.9M State 75% ($14.2M)/ Local 25% ($4.7M)

27 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 2. Dry dams A dam constructed for temporary storage of stream flows during flood events. Can be designed with gated or automatic drawdown control outlet structures. Duration of designed storage depends on downstream channel capacity. A management plan incorporating downstream predicted peak-flows is critical. Maximizes flood storage.

28 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 3. On-stream storage A structure placed across the cross-section of a stream s topography causing flood flows to form a pool. Utilizes existing landscape features to maximize control capability. May cause alterations to pre-project plant communities in a summer storm event. Allows for control of flows from entire watershed above the point of construction.

29 Brandt Impoundment Red Lake Watershed District, Polk Co.

30 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 4. Off-stream storage A storage structure placed adjacent to a water course to receive diverted flood flows. Potential for construction and effectiveness dependent on the area topography. Allows for maintaining a free flowing stream in non-flood flow conditions and can ensure a stream flow during flood events. Duration of storage can be extended to ensure maximum downstream benefits. Allows for control of flows from entire watershed above the point of construction. Note: On/off stream storage can be either gated or un-gated outlet controls. With gated storage the project s management plan can adapt to future conditions. With fixed draw-down features, the release of stored water is pre-determined.

31 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 5. Flood storage wetlands An outlet control structure is constructed on previously drained wetland which may contain a permanent pool. Some natural wetland functions can be restored and maintained. Can reduce the run-off from a watershed s contributing area in direct relation to the size of the temporary pool created thereby reducing downstream discharges. Secondary goals may be wildlife enhancement, water quality improvement, stream flow stabilization, provide infiltration for groundwater recharge and reduce erosion.

32 Elm Lake-Farmes Pool - Project 52 Marshall County, Red Lake Watershed District

33 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 6. Wetland restoration Wetlands restored to pre-drainage hydrology and appropriate native vegetation. Priamry goals may be wildlife enhancement, water quality improvement, stream flow stabilization, and infiltration for groundwater recharge. May provide flood storage benefits based on hydrologic setting, outlet configuration, and antecedent moisture conditions.

34 Wetland Restoration BEFORE AFTER

35 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 7. River corridor restoration The area adjacent to a stream is restricted to nonrotational farming practices or within a city is designated as a green belt and zoned against building activity. Effectiveness based on degree of flow control accomplished. Can be effective in reducing stream-bank erosion and downstream sediment deposition. Provide a haven and travel route for wildlife. Reduces downstream flow velocities and allows for restoration of natural ecosystem. May provide additional floodplain storage during flood events.

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37 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 8. Setback levees Levees (dikes) are built parallel to and a reasonable distance (e.g., meander belt width) away from water courses to contain flows and increase riparian storage of above-bank flows. Can prevent flooding of adjacent land and resulting cross-country sheetflooding. May increase downstream flows by removing traditional routing and storage. May create an impediment to drainage of adjacent land and minor watershed outlets.

38 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 9. Riparian buffer strips The land adjacent to streams is permanently seeded/planted to perennial (native) vegetation. Reduces erosion and filter run-off from affected land. Provides habitat/travel corridor for wildlife and access for stream maintenance.

39 Surface runoff Photo by Loren Engleby, Kandiyohi County

40 Riparian Buffer West Fork Beaver Creek

41 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 10. Dredging and channelization Channel modification or removal of accumulated sediment to increase channel capacity. May increase downstream flows. May reduce flooding due to increased channel flow efficiency and timing of discharge. Disrupts stream ecology and equilibrium and may cause downstream erosion and sedimentation.

42 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 11. Storage easement Compensation is paid to landowners for the public or private benefit of storing water on their land. Offsets lost land value due to required land use change.

43 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 12. Retirement of land Converts land from agricultural production to permanent (native) vegetation. Bio- Energy production possible. Reduces surface run-off during and/or after precipitation storm events. Significantly reduces soil erosion. Provides for wildlife habitat.

44 Habitat, Bio-energy & Native Seed

45 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 15. Gating ditches Adjustable controls are placed on culverts in channels to regulate stream flow. 16. Culvert sizing Graduated sizing of culverts within a ditch system to provide a degree of control. Equity is an important consideration. The smaller the drainage area is, the more effective culvert sizing can be in accomplishing meaningful, effective control. 17. Drainage Modification of drainage-ways to convey surface or subsurface water from cultivated or occupied areas. Water conveyed by drainage of agricultural land in the higher elevation areas of a watershed may increase downstream flows.

46 Drainage Channelized Streams & Ditches 27,000 miles in Minnesota

47 Controlled Drainage

48 2-Stage Channel: Swift County JD #8

49 Flood Damage Reduction Strategies 13. Land use Increased urbanization and areas of intensively cultivated crops may increase storm event runoff. Flood plain land uses compatible with periodic flooding may accomplish flood damage reduction. 14. Best Management Practices A practice or combination of practices that are determined to be the most effective and practicable means of treating a resource problem at levels compatible with environmental quality goals.

50 Past Approach Get Water off-site

51 Wetland Restoration with flood control outlet RIM Conservation Easement Dalen Coulee, Clay & Norman Counties Wild Rice Watershed District

52 Flood Damage Reduction Goals 1998 Mediation Agreement 1. Reduce social, economic & environmental damages caused by flooding. 2. Net natural resource enhancement. 3. Watershed based approach to flood damage reduction and natural resources enhancement. 4. Efficient, timely & coordinated project planning, design, permitting and construction.

53 Planning OUTCOMES more than just documents A process that builds an understanding and appreciation of all perspectives. Builds ownership by those involved/affected. Build projects with acceptable Natural Resource Enhancement and Flood Damage Reduction (and water quality and water supply) alternatives in priority.

54 The Project Team A broad based representation from all stakeholder groups with an interest in the project area Landowners, Citizens Cities, Counties, Watershed Districts Regional organizations State and Federal Agencies Special interest groups

55 Red River Basin Commission s Drought Preparedness Strategy

56 WATER SUPPLY (Drought) CLIMATE Semi-Arid Region LIMITED Surface and Ground Water POPULATION WATER MISMATCH GROWTH (Population-Industry) COMPETING USES (Ag, Industry, people, nature) no low flow limits WATER LAW (Riparian/Prior Appropriation) INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY (1909 Treaty) NO RED RIVER APPORTIONMENT AGREEMENT STUDIES FOR TRANSFERS (Inter- Basin)

57 only 75 yrs ago 1930 s

58 Minneapolis to Hudson Bay in 49 days: only 3 years ago (April-June 2008)

59 Grand Beach Lake Winnipeg

60 Multiple Benefits: Flood Damage Reduction Water Supply Water Quality Fish and Wildlife Habitat Economic Growth

61 Credits Henry VanOffelen, MCEA Brian Dwight, MN BWSR Chuck Fritz, International Water Institute Lance Yohe and RRBC staff Dan Thul, MN DNR Craig Evans, USACE Houston Engineering Department of Geosciences, NDSU Soils Department, U of MN Geological Association of Canada Dr. J. Doering, University of Manitoba Steve Topping Manitoba Water Stewardship Minnesota National Guard Charlie Anderson Bois De Sioux, Red Lake Watershed Districts steve-olson.com john.jaschke@state.mn.us

Henry Van Offelen Natural Resource Scientist MN Center for Environmental Advocacy hvanoffelen@mncenter.org

Henry Van Offelen Natural Resource Scientist MN Center for Environmental Advocacy hvanoffelen@mncenter.org Henry Van Offelen Natural Resource Scientist MN Center for Environmental Advocacy hvanoffelen@mncenter.org Wetland study slide Water Quality NRE goals in watershed plans Protect habitat that remains.

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