Designing The Ideal Investment Policy Presented To The Actuaries Club of the Southwest & the Southeastern Actuarial Conference
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1 Designing The Ideal Investment Policy Presented To The Actuaries Club of the Southwest & the Southeastern Actuarial Conference Presented by: Greg Curran, CFA & Michael Kelch, CFA AAM - Insurance Investment Management
2 Key Sections Purpose and Key Components of the Investment Policy Risk Tolerance and Ways to Minimize Exposures Investment Policies Catered to Insurance Companies Cash Flow and Liquidity Management Unique Circumstances
3 Investment Policy Purpose and Key Components
4 Investment Policy Purpose: Serve as the governing document for investment decision-making
5 Key Components Goals, Objectives, and Constraints Responsibilities Communication Reporting: Performance and Holdings Periodic Review Investment Portfolio and Policy Statement Special Considerations Foreign currency exposure Accounting issues Tax issues Limit or prohibition of investment to specific company types (e.g. alcohol, tobacco, defense, etc.)
6 Getting to Know the Client
7 Getting to Know the Client What are the portfolio goals and objectives? What are the portfolio constraints? What is the risk tolerance of the client? What performance measurement would be beneficial for determining portfolio success?
8 Investment Portfolio Goals and Objectives Defines intended purpose of the investment portfolio Helps to refine opportunity set for investment Examples of Insurance Company Goals and Objectives: Yield Oriented or Total Return Oriented Goals Within acceptable risk levels Cash Flow Stability Prudent management of call risk Preservation of Capital Limit credit losses within the portfolio through diversification
9 Investment Portfolio Constraints Defines risk parameters that are of particular concern to the client Further narrows investment opportunities based on risk tolerance Examples of Insurance Company Portfolio Constraints Minimize interest rate sensitivity Target portfolio duration to match the liabilities Achieve portfolio diversification Both at a sector and issuer level Maintain sufficient short term cash flow and liquidity To fund immediate liabilities Minimum Average Credit Quality Forces portfolio into higher quality securities
10 Risk Tolerance: Risk Averse or Risk Seeker?
11 Risk Averse vs. Risk Seeker Risk Averse Focus on preservation of capital with a goal of steady investment income Strategy: Investment in high quality fixed income securities (Example: bonds or preferred stock) Risk Seeker Focus on capital growth through total return Strategy: Investment in a total return strategy Typically has larger variability in expected returns (Example: equities, ETFs, convertible bonds, etc.) Insurance companies can utilize a combination of both
12 Risk Reduction through Diversification
13 Diversification Reduces exposure to individual event risk by limiting concentration by Sector and Issuer Reduces volatility of overall portfolio value Reduces correlation among individual asset classes Decrease in variability of returns
14 Aug 11 May 11 Feb 11 Nov 10 Aug 10 Volatility by Asset Class Asset Class Return Comparison 15% Barclays Aggregate Bond Index 10% S&P 500 Index 5% 0% -5% -10% Monthly Return -15% -20% May 07 Aug 07 Nov 07 Feb 08 May 08 Aug 08 Nov 08 Feb 09 May 09 Aug 09 Nov 09 Feb 10 May 10 Source: Barclays; Bloomberg
15 Aug 11 May 11 Feb 11 Nov 10 Aug 10 May 10 Feb 10 Volatility by Sector Sector Spreads Feb 09 May 09 Aug 09 Nov 09 Nov 08 CMBS Agency MBS ABS A rated Corp Spread (in basis points) May 07 Aug 07 Nov 07 Feb 08 May 08 Aug 08 Source: Barclays
16 May 11 Aug 11 Feb 11 Nov 10 Aug 10 May 10 Feb 10 Volatility by Credit Quality Source: Barclays Credit Spreads Feb 09 May 09 Aug 09 Nov 09 AAA AA A BBB OAS (in basis points) May 07 Aug 07 Nov 07 Feb 08 May 08 Aug 08 Nov 08
17 Reduce Volatility by Diversifying Across... Asset class Bonds, Common Stock, Convertible Bonds, etc. Sector and Industry US Government, Corporate, Municipal, Structured, etc. Issuer based on Creditworthiness Ratings: AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB, etc. Consider NAIC Ratings
18 National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Rating Conversion Guide Uses Rating Agency ratings to determine NAIC equivalent Rating Agency Rating NAIC Rating AAA = 1 Agencies: AA = 1 Moody s, S&P, Fitch, AM Best, DBRS A BBB = = 1 2 NAIC equivalent is the second lowest of 3 or more rating Agency ratings; lowest of 2 or 1 BB B CCC = = = Securities Valuation Office (SVO) issues ratings as well D = 6 Source: NAIC
19 Diversification: Capital and Surplus Considerations Balance Sheet Leverage May Increase Need for Diversification with Portfolio Allocations Insurance Company Example: Assets of $100 Million and Surplus of $20 Million Investment portfolio is 5X larger than company surplus 5% position in the asset portfolio is a 25% allocation of surplus 5% 25% Investment Portfolio Company Surplus 75% 95% Need to Consider Company Surplus when Determining Portfolio Allocations Particularly to sectors that directly impact surplus like equities
20 Portfolio Benchmark Based on portfolio goals, objectives, and constraints Tool for measuring success of the investment portfolio strategy and policy Performance measurement for comparison should be defined Total Return / Excess Return Yield, Duration, etc.
21 Benchmark Examples Broad Market Bond Indexes Barclays Aggregate Bond Index Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Index Sector Specific Bond Indexes Barclays Municipal Bond Index Barclays CMBS Index Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities Equities: S&P 500 Index Russell 3000 Index Custom Benchmarks Built around objectives and constraints defined in the Investment Policy
22 Other Considerations for the Investment Policy Regulatory Guidelines and Restrictions Additional constraints of the investment portfolio Accounting Considerations STAT vs. GAAP Tax Implications Gain / Loss Considerations Company Directed Restrictions Prohibiting specific types of investments (e.g. alcohol, tobacco, defense)
23 Investment Portfolio and Policy Review: A Key Step in Shaping an Appropriate Investment Policy
24 Investment Portfolio and Investment Policy Review Monitor and Review Portfolio Performance Relative to Policy Goals, Objectives, and Constraints Relative to the defined portfolio benchmark Evaluate Portfolio Goals, Objectives, and Constraints to Determine: If new goals, objectives, and constraints are needed If the benchmark is still appropriate Revise the Investment Policy to reflect any changes Rebalance the Investment Portfolio in line with the Investment Policy Repeat
25 Investment Policies Catered to Insurance Companies
26 Insurance Company Unique Considerations Investment portfolio exists to fund liabilities Investment objectives differ based on line of business Corporate structure may alter investment strategy Surplus level helps to determine allocation within the context of risk Invested assets typically regulated Both at the State and Federal level
27 Property and Casualty vs. Life Insurance Companies Property and Casualty Life Insurance Liabilities have a shorter life Liabilities are usually longer in duration Capital gains are realized in the current period Underwriting profits have fallen leading to increased reliance on investment income The IMR exists to realize capital gains over longer time horizon Business model relies on an assumed spread above crediting rate Yield Focused
28 Liquidity Management Structure the portfolio to produce steady cash flow with a laddered maturity profile Portfolio Expected Cash Flow as a % of Total 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Interest Principal Short bonds can be sold to provide immediate liquidity Amortized cost and market value should be closer to par due to bond amortization Provides regular cash flow for operations or reinvestment
29 Liquidity Risks Certain types of investments carry larger liquidity risks Should be limited in the Investment Policy Examples: Private placement securities Direct underwritten mortgages Convertible bonds Foreign currency denominated issues
30 Unique Circumstances
31 Equities and Insurance Company Considerations Equities are marked to market through surplus Large equity allocation could lead to volatility on the balance sheet and increase the company risk profile Equities also carry a larger Risk Based Capital (RBC) charge Charge of 15%-45% vs. NAIC 1 Charge of 0.3%-0.4%
32 14,000 13,000 Dow Jones Industrial Average 12,000 11,000 Sep 11 Jul 11 Equity Volatility has Direct Impact on Surplus Equity Returns 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 S&P 500 1, May 08 Jul 08 Sep 08 Nov 08 Jan 09 Mar 09 May 09 Jul 09 Sep 09 Nov 09 Jan 10 Mar 10 May 10 Jul 10 Sep 10 Nov 10 Jan 11 Mar 11 May 11 Source: Bloomberg 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000
33 Derivatives Can be used as a tool to hedge various risks Interest Rate Risk Foreign Currency Risk Tighter regulatory control Some states require a detailed plan of usage Accounting considerations Mark to market implications Derivatives strategies can be complicated Some of the benefits can be replicated through a well structured investment portfolio away from derivatives
34 Summary Ideal Investment Policies include... Clearly defined portfolio goals, objectives, and constraints Defined responsibilities Diversification implied through allocation maximums Portfolio benchmark to measure performance Stated review period
35 Questions??
36 Who Are We? AAM is a SEC-registered investment advisor that exclusively manages fixed income investment portfolios for insurance companies. AAM manages 100 insurance client relationships with $15.5 billion in assets under management. In addition to consistent investment performance, AAM offers exceptional value to insurance companies with services such as Dynamic Tax Analysis, Dynamic ALM modeling, and Schedule D Reporting. AAM is also committed to delivering the highest level of proactive client service to our insurance clients. Greg Curran, CFA Vice President, Business Development Greg.Curran@aamcompany.com Michael Kelch, CFA Portfolio Manager Michael.Kelch@aamcompany.com AAM Insurance Investment Management 30 N LaSalle, Suite 3500 Chicago, IL Reproduction or use of these materials for any other purpose or by or for any individuals is strictly prohibited. The information contained in this presentation has been obtained from sources that AAM believes to be reliable, but AAM does not represent or warrant that it is accurate or complete. The views in this presentation are those of AAM and are subject to change, and AAM has no obligation to update its opinions or the information in this presentation. Neither AAM, nor any of their respective officers, directors, members, or employees accepts any liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of this presentation or its contents. The securities discussed in this presentation may not be suitable for all investors. The value of and income from any investment may fluctuate from day to day as a result of changes in relevant economic markets (including changes in market liquidity). The information in this presentation is not intended to predict actual results, which may differ substantially from those reflected. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
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