LPI cursus Linuxamsterdam

Transcription

1 LPI cursus Linuxamsterdam Om het LPIC-1 certificaat te behalen moet je twee afzonderlijke examens doen. We knippen de cursus ook op in twee delen zodat je na het eerste deel de gelegenheid hebt om je goed voor te kunnen bereiden op het eerste examen. Examen 101 Dit is het eerste examen benodigd voor het LPIC-1 certificaat. Elk onderwerp in het examen heeft een bepaald gewicht. Het gewicht begint bij 1 en kan maximaal 10 zijn en geeft aan hoe belangrijk de vragen zijn in het examen. Een onderwerp van 1 weegt het minst zwaar, terwijl een gewicht van 3 al een stuk belangrijker is. System Architecture Linux Installation and Package Management GNU and Unix Commands Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Onderwerp 101: System Architecture Determine and configure hardware settings Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware. Enable and disable integrated peripherals. Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards. Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices. Set the correct hardware ID for different devices, especially the boot device. Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices. Determine hardware resources for devices. Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.) Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, hald, dbus /sys /proc

2 /dev modprobe lsmod lspci lsusb Boot the system Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process. Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time. Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion. Check boot events in the log files. /var/log/messages dmesg BIOS bootloader kernel init Change runlevels and shutdown or reboot system Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to manage the runlevel of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching run level and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default run level. It also includes basic feature knowledge of potential replacements to init. Set the default runlevel. Change between run levels including single user mode. Shutdown and reboot from the command line. Alert users before switching runlevels or other major system event. Properly terminate processes. Knowledge of basic features of systemd and Upstart

3 /etc/inittab shutdown init /etc/init.d telinit Onderwerp 102: Linux Installation and Package Management Design hard disk layout Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system. Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks. Tailor the design to the intended use of the system. Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting. Knowledge of basic features of LVM / (root) filesystem /var filesystem /home filesystem swap space mount points partitions Install a boot manager Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager. Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options. Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy. Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2. Interact with the boot loader Begrippen: en commando's

4 /boot/grub/menu.lst grub-install MBR superblock Manage shared libraries Gewicht: 1 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary. Identify shared libraries. Identify the typical locations of system libraries. Load shared libraries. Begrippen: en commando's ldd ldconfig /etc/ld.so.conf LD_LIBRARY_PATH Use Debian package management Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools. Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages. Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed. Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed). /etc/apt/sources.list dpkg dpkg-reconfigure apt-get apt-cache aptitude

5 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM and YUM tools. Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM. Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures. Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from. rpm rpm2cpio /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d/ yum yumdownloader Onderwerp 103: GNU and Unix Commands Work on the command line Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the bash shell. Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line. Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables. Use and edit command history. Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.. bash echo env exec export

6 pwd set unset man uname history Process text streams using filters Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to apply filters to text streams. Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package. cat cut expand fmt head od join nl paste pr sed sort split tail tr unexpand uniq wc Perform basic file management Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories.

7 Copy, move and remove files and directories individually. Copy multiple files and directories recursively. Remove files and directories recursively. Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands. Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time. Usage of tar, cpio and dd. cp find mkdir mv ls rm rmdir touch tar cpio dd file gzip gunzip bzip2 file globbing Use streams, pipes and redirects Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file. Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error. Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command. Use the output of one command as arguments to another command. Send output to both stdout and a file. tee

8 xargs Create, monitor and kill processes Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to perform basic process management. Run jobs in the foreground and background. Signal a program to continue running after logout. Monitor active processes. Select and sort processes for display. Send signals to processes. & bg fg jobs kill nohup ps top free uptime killall Modify process execution priorities Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to manage process execution priorities. Know the default priority of a job that is created. Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.. Change the priority of a running process. nice ps renice top

9 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. grep egrep fgrep sed regex(7) Perform basic file editing operations using vi Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, basic vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. Navigate a document using vi. Use basic vi modes. Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text. vi /,? h,j,k,l i, o, a c, d, p, y, dd, yy ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

10 Onderwerp 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Create partitions and filesystems Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions. Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as: ext2/ext3/ext4 xfs reiserfs v3 vfat fdisk mkfs mkswap Maintain the integrity of filesystems Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem. Verify the integrity of filesystems. Monitor free space and inodes. Repair simple filesystem problems. du df fsck e2fsck mke2fs debugfs dumpe2fs tune2fs xfs tools

11 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem. Manually mount and unmount filesystems. Configure filesystem mounting on bootup. Configure user mountable removeable filesystems. /etc/fstab /media mount umount Manage disk quotas Gewicht: 1 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to manage disk quotas for users. Set up a disk quota for a filesystem. Edit, check and generate user quota reports. quota edquota repquota quotaon Manage file permissions and ownership Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships. Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories. Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security. Know how to change the file creation mask. Use the group field to grant file access to group members. chmod

12 umask chown chgrp Create and change hard and symbolic links Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file. Create links. Identify hard and/or softlinks. Copying versus linking files. Use links to support system administration tasks. ln Find system files and place files in the correct location Beschrijving: Candidates should be thouroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications. Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. Find files and commands on a Linux system. Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. Begrippen: en commando's find locate updatedb whereis which type /etc/updatedb.conf Examen 102 Dit is het eerste examen benodigd voor het LPIC-1 certificaat.

13 Elk onderwerp in het examen heeft een bepaald gewicht. Het gewicht begint bij 1 en kan maximaal 10 zijn en geeft aan hoe belangrijk de vragen zijn in het examen. Een onderwerp van 1 weegt het minst zwaar, terwijl een gewicht van 3 al een stuk belangrijker is. Shells, Scripting and Data Management User Interfaces and Desktops Administrative Tasks Essential System Services Networking Fundamentals Security Onderwerp 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management Customize and use the shell environment Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles. Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell. Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands. Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts. Set command search path with the proper directory. /etc/profile env export set unset ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_login ~/.profile ~/.bashrc ~/.bash_logout function alias lists Customize or write simple scripts Gewicht: 4

14 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new BASH scripts. Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests). Use command substitution. Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command. Perform conditional mailing to the superuser. Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line. Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts. for while test if read seq SQL data management Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to query databases and manipulate data using basic SQL commands. This objective includes performing queries involving joining of 2 tables and/or subselects. Use of basic SQL commands. Perform basic data manipulation. insert update select delete from where group by order by join

15 Onderwerp 106: User Interfaces and Desktops Install and configure X11 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11. Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server. Awareness of the X font server. Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file. /etc/x11/xorg.conf xhost DISPLAY xwininfo xdpyinfo X Setup a display manager Beschrijving: Candidates should be able setup and customize a display manager. This objective covers the display managers XDM (X Display Manger), GDM (Gnome Display Manager) and KDM (KDE Display Manager). Turn the display manager on or off. Change the display manager greeting. Change default color depth for the display manager. Configure display managers for use by X-stations. /etc/inittab xdm configuration files kdm configuration files gdm configuration files Accessibility Gewicht: 1 Beschrijving: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies.

16 Keyboard Accessibility Settings Visual Settings and Themes Assistive Technology (ATs) Sticky/Repeat Keys Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys Mouse Keys High Contrast Desktop Themes Large Print Desktop Themes Screen Reader Braille Display Screen Magnifier On-Screen Keyboard Gestures Orca GOK emacspeak Onderwerp 107: Administrative Tasks Manage user and group accounts and related system files Gewicht: 5 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts. Add, modify and remove users and groups. Manage user/group info in password/group databases. Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts. /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/skel chage groupadd groupdel groupmod passwd

17 useradd userdel usermod Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to use cron or anacron to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time. Manage cron and at jobs. Configure user access to cron and at services. /etc/cron /etc/at.deny /etc/at.allow /etc/crontab /etc/cron.allow /etc/cron.deny /var/spool/cron/* crontab at atq atrm Localisation and internationalisation Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting. Locale settings. Timezone settings. /etc/timezone /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo Environment variables /usr/bin/locale tzselect

18 tzconfig date iconv UTF-8 ISO-8859 ASCII Unicode Onderwerp 108: Essential System Services Maintain system time Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP. Set the system date and time. Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC. Configure the correct timezone. Basic NTP configuration. Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service /usr/share/zoneinfo /etc/timezone /etc/localtime /etc/ntp.conf date hwclock ntpd ntpdate pool.ntp.org System logging Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to configure the syslog daemon. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. syslog configuration files

19 syslog standard facilities, priorities and actions syslog.conf syslogd klogd logger Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics Beschrijving: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered. Create aliases. Configure forwarding. Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration) ~/.forward sendmail emulation layer commands newaliases mail mailq postfix sendmail exim qmail Manage printers and printing Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface. Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers). Manage user print queues. Troubleshoot general printing problems. Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

20 CUPS config files, tools and utils /etc/cups lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq) Onderwerp 109: Networking Fundamentals Fundamentals of internet protocols Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals. Demonstrate an understanding network masks. Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP-Addresses. Setting a default route. Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161, 443, 465, 993, 995). Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP. Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6. Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6. /etc/services ftp telnet host ping dig traceroute tracepath Basic network configuration Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to view, change and verify configuration settings on client hosts. Manually and automatically configure network interfaces Basic TCP/IP host configuration.

21 /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf ifconfig ifup ifdown route ping Basic network troubleshooting Gewicht: 4 Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts. Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces. Change, view, or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually. Debug problems associated with the network configuration. ifconfig ifup ifdown route host hostname dig netstat ping traceroute Configure client side DNS Beschrijving: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host. Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system.

22 Modify the order in which name resolution is done. /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf Onderwerp 110: Security Perform security administration tasks Beschrijving: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies. Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set. Set or change user passwords and password aging information. Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system. Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage. Basic sudo configuration and usage. find passwd lsof nmap chage netstat sudo /etc/sudoers su usermod ulimit Setup host security Beschrijving: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security. Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work. Turn off network services not in use.

23 Understand the role of TCP wrappers. /etc/nologin /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/xinetd.d/* /etc/xinetd.conf /etc/inetd.d/* /etc/inetd.conf /etc/inittab /etc/init.d/* /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny Securing data with encryption Beschrijving: The candidate should be able to use puplic key techniques to secure data and communication. Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage. Understand the role of OpenSSH Perform basic GnuPG configuration and usage. Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels). ssh ssh-keygen ssh-agent ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/id_dsa id_dsa.pub /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key ssh_host_rsa_key.pub /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key ssh_host_dsa_key.pub ~/.ssh/authorized_keys /etc/ssh_known_hosts

24 gpg ~/.gnupg/*