Vermont s Health Care System Overview: Payers & Players
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1 1 Vermont s Health Care System Overview: Payers & Players (as we currently know it) Updated January 2015 Nolan Langweil, Joint Fiscal Office
2 2 Parts of a Health Care System Patients Providers Payers (Insurance Coverage) Regulators
3 3 PATIENTS
4 4 BASIC FACTS Approx. 626,431 Vermonters* From 2000 to 2010, Vermont s population grew at less than 0.3% per year. Vital Events, 2010 (VT Dept. of Health) VITAL STATS 6,224 Live Births (2010)** 5,381 Deaths (2010)** VERMONT HOSPITALS 46,606 Inpatient discharges*** 102,433 Outpatient discharges**** 249,824 Emergency Dept. discharges*** * U.S. Census 2010 ** Vital Statistics (2010), Vermont Dept. of Health ***2012 Vermont Hospitals Report (July 2014), VT Green Mountain Care Board and Department of Health
5 5 Health Care Expenditures Vermont & U.S. (2012)
6 6 Health Care Expenditures Vermont & U.S. Source: Green Mountain Care Board 2012 Expenditure Analysis (released March 2014)
7 Per Capita Spending 7 Health Care Expenditures Vermont & U.S. Note: Data from GMCB 2012 Expenditure Analysis
8 8 PROVIDERS
9 9 HOSPITALS 14 hospitals in Vermont 1 Level 1 trauma center (Fletcher Allen) All of not-for-profit hospitals Providers Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (in NH) Approx. 41% of patient discharges are Vermonters Also a Level 1 trauma center (only one in NH) VA Hospital Located in White River Junction Psychiatric Hospitals Vermont State Hospital in Berlin Brattleboro retreat (private treatment center) Spending on HOSPITAL CARE for Vermonters in 2012 was $1.98 billion. This accounted for 38.7% of all health care spending for Vermonters.
10 10 Providers FEDERALLY QUALIFIED HEALTH CENTERS (FQHCs) 12 FQHCs (including NH-based Indian Stream s Canaan, VT site) 51 primary care sites in 12 counties Federal grants support sliding fee scale Located in medically underserved areas or health professional shortage areas Served 149,980 Vermonters in 2012 Leverage federal dollars for loan repayment, expanding services, facility construction and renovation FQHC boards of directors are at least 51 percent patients and include representatives from underserved populations
11 Providers What s the difference between FQHCs and Rural Health Centers? NOTE: There are 13 Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) statewide 11
12 12 Providers LONG TERM CARE 39 Nursing homes 37 participate in Medicaid 3,212 beds 3 Nursing homes have closed in the last 3 years. 11 Home health agencies 10 Hospice programs 1 ICF/MR * * ICF/MR = Intermediate Care Facilities Individuals with Mentally Retardation
13 13 Providers MENTAL HEALTH Providers Include: 11 Designated Agencies 6 specialized service agencies Designated Hospitals Brattleboro Retreat Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital in Berlin
14 14 Providers PHYSICIANS Approximately 1,877 physicians in Vermont Specialty Care = 67% (1,249) Anesthesiology = 5% (93) Emergency Medicine = 6% (113) Specialty Internal Medicine = 12% (227) Psychiatry = 9% (174) Radiology = 7% (139) Surgery = 8% (158) Other = 18% (345) Primary Care = 33% (628) Family Practice = 15% (284) Primary Care Internal Medicine = 9% (167) OB/GYN = 4% (68) Pediatric = 6% (109) 78.6 Primary Care FTE s per 100,000 Population statewide Source: 2010 Physician Survey, VT Dept. of Health
15 15 PAYERS (Insurance Coverage)
16 16 INSURANCE COVERAGE Payers Private Insurance Employer-based Individual Market Government Medicare Medicaid Military Note: Public employees (such as state-employees, teachers and municipal workers) are considered as private insurance in this and other documents and not public insurance since they are purchased through private insurance companies and third-party administrators.
17 Payers PRIVATE INSURANCE 54% of Vermonters have private insurance (2014)* Over 90% of private insurance is through employer 5% are individual plans purchased through Vermont Health Connect Three major types of private insurance Employer-based, insured Employer-based, self-insured Individual market (a.k.a. non-group market) * Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey, DFR
18 Primary Source of Health Coverage, Vermont Residents, % 50% 40% Types of Insurance Coverage in Vermont 5.0% (31,412) 49.4% (309,665) Private Insurance Obtained Through Vermont Health Connect Other Private Insurance 30% 20% 21.2% (132,829) 17.7% (110,916) 10% 0% 3.0% (18, % (23,231) Private Insurance Medicaid Medicare Military Uninsured * Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey, DFR
19 Employer-based INSURED INSURER bears ALL (or most) of the financial risk Employer purchases coverage from a regulated health insurance company Insurer is subject to state regulations SELF-INSURED EMPLOYER assumes ALL (or most) of the financial risk (may reinsure) Employer purchases administration services (TPA*) Not subject to state regulation * TPA = Third Party Administrator 19
20 20 Health Benefits Exchange ( The Exchange ) Established under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Online marketplace for Individuals and Small businesses ( 50 employees) to purchase health insurance plans NOTE: Definition of small business changes to 100 employees in 2016 Individual and small businesses can only purchase exchange products
21 21 Individual Plans (no Employer-sponsored insurance) Payers Can only be purchased through the Exchange (VT Health Connect). Approx. 33,000 people (as of August 2014) Federal advanced premium tax credits available for those up to 400% FPL. Additional State tax credits available up to 300%FPL State & Federal cost-sharing assistance also available up to 300% FPL
22 22 Small Employer Plans Small employer defined as up to 50 employees Will be defined as up to 100 employees beginning Small employers can only purchase exchange products Small employers currently buy directly from the carriers but will purchase through VT Health Connect when website is capable. Small business tax credits available for two years under Affordable Care Act.
23 23 A quick note about the uninsured 23,231 (3.7%) people were uninsured in 2014* 31% of the uninsured were eligible for Medicaid 50% of uninsured children were eligible for Medicaid The uninsured rate in 2012 was 6.8% (42,760) The decrease in the uninsured rate is largely due to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. * Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey, DFR 2014
24 24 Payers PUBLIC Military Medicare Medicaid Note: Public employees are counted as private insurance
25 25 Payers Military Coverage based on current or previous military service Includes Veteran s Administration (VA). 18,578 (3%) Vermonters have Military coverage* Accounts for approx. $40-70 million in spending. * Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey, DFR 2014
26 26 Difference between Medicaid & Medicare Payers Medicaid State-federal program Low-income Pregnant women Children under 19 Blind & disabled Nursing home care Medicare Federal program All incomes Over 65 Kidney failure or longterm kidney disease Permanently disabled and unable work
27 27 Payers Medicare Federal program No state role at all Created by Congress in 1965 Privately administered States currently have no part in administering Medicare
28 28 Payers Structure of Medicare Part A Primarily hospital inpatient care Financed by payroll tax Trust fund Part B Most other health services Financed by monthly premium and general funds
29 29 Payers Structure (continued) Part C (Medicare Advantage Plans) Are health plan options (like an HMO or PPO) approved by Medicare and offered by private insurance companies. Cover all of Part A and Part B and usually Medicare drug coverage. Not all Medicare Advantage Plans work the same way Only 3% of Medicare beneficiaries in Vermont Part D Pharmacy coverage Coverage started January, 2006 Financed by monthly premiums and general funds
30 30 Payers Medicare Who is Covered? 110,916 Vermonters on Medicare* approx. 21,000 (17.2%) are also covered by Medicaid (also known as Dual-eligiblity ) Nearly everyone over 65 years old Anyone with end-stage renal disease Some Parts have additional requirements (i.e. work history, premium requirements, etc.) * Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey, DFR 2014
31 31 A quick note on the Dual-Eligibility Payers Eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid Medicare payer of first resort Approx ,000 (approx. 10% of Medicaid beneficiaries) Approx. $50M in Medicaid expenditures (2014) Dual Eligible Project AHS working on proposal to CMS to achieve seamless integrated care, better outcomes, and improved quality of life for this high needs population. Would also streamline Medicare and Medicaid financing for this population.
32 32 Payers Medicaid Created in 1965 as Title XIX of the Social Security Act Partnership between states and federal government Original focus Low-income families People with disabilities Other individuals added
33 33 Payers Medicaid in Vermont Over 160,000 Vermonters have some kind of Medicaid benefit Broad eligibility: Traditional Medicaid Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) 1115 Waiver programs Benefit varies by program Most: health care costs + related costs (e.g. transportation) Some: by benefit (e.g. pharmacy) Finances SFY 14 = $1.4 billion gross
34 34 Payers Vermont Medicaid and other State- Sponsored Programs Aged, Blind or Disabled (ABD) and/or Medically Needy Adults Adults, Dual Eligibles, Children General Medicaid Often referred to as Aid to Needy Families with Children (ANFC) Adults, Children CHIP & Underinsured Children Pharmacy programs New Adult expansion (under Affordable Care Act) State Premium tax credit (in additional to federal tax credit). State Cost-sharing subsidy (in addition to federal tax credit)
35 35 A quick note about recent changes to Medicaid Payers Catamount Health, VHAP, and ESIA benefits expired in Many transitioned to either Medicaid or the Exchange. Others may have transitioned to employer-sponsored insurance or dropped coverage altogether.
36 36 Payers Medicaid Financing Costs shared by state & federal government Match rate is determined by formula comparing each state s per capital income relative to the nation Known as Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) Varies state by state from 50% to 83% Vermont FMAP for SFY 15: Federal share = 54.49% + 2.2% Leahy Bump = 56.49% State share (after Leahy bump ) = 43.51%
37 37 Medicaid Financing SFY 14 = $1.4 billion State Health Care Resources Fund Total Medicaid Funding Sources
38 38 Global Commitment Key Concepts Global Commitment began October 2005 Latest renewal - Oct thru Dec. 31, 2016 OVHA (now DVHA) became a public Managed Care Entity Must comply with federal regulations for MCOs AHS pays DVHA a fixed premium (PMPM) Paid monthly. Trued up quarterly to actual expenditures Premium includes ALL Medicaid spending except Long Term Care waiver, some administrative costs, DSH, CHIP
39 39 Global Commitment Key Concepts According to the Terms and Conditions of the waiver, any premium revenue that remains after making payments for the existing Medicaid program can be used for a variety of health-related purposes. These funds have been referred to as savings.
40 40 Global Commitment Key Concepts SAVINGS MAY BE USED TO: Reduce the rate of uninsured and/or underinsured Increase access of quality health care to the uninsured, underinsured, and Medicaid beneficiaries Fund public health and other innovative programs that improve health outcomes, health status and quality of life for uninsured, underinsured, and Medicaid-eligible individuals Support public-private partnerships in health care, including initiatives to support and improve the health care delivery system. The programs these savings are put towards are referred to as MCO Investments.
41 41 Global Commitment Key Concepts Examples of MCO Investments include: School health services Blueprint for Health VITL Tobacco Cessation Women, Infant, & Children (WIC) Mental Health Services HIV Drug Coverage Etc. Note: MCO Investments SFY 13 = $124 million
42 42 Payers Choices for Care Waiver 1115 Long-Term Care Demonstration Waiver (Medicaid) Renewed 2010 Administered by DAIL Care and support for older Vermonters and younger adults with physical disabilities. Assists people with everyday activities at home, in an enhanced residential care setting, or in a nursing facility Provide Services and supports to over 4,000 Vermonters
43 43 Choices for Care Waiver Two levels of service Highest and high needs For people with need for nursing home level of care Moderate needs For people who have lesser needs and receive homemaking and/or adult day services and case management
44 44 REGULATORS Department of Financial Regulations Green Mountain Care Board Attorney General (fraud, etc.) Health Department (inspections) Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Other Joint Commission (accreditation) NCQA (Accreditation)
45 45 A quick note about The Green Mountain Care Board The GMCB was created in 2011: oversee a new health system designed to improve quality while reducing the rate of growth in costs regulate hospital budgets and major capital expenditures as well as health insurance rates approve plans for health insurance benefits in Vermont's new "exchange" program as well as plan to recruit and retain health professionals and build and maintain electronic health information systems. Five member board, appointed by the Governor
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