Degree Courses at German Universities An Overview by Subject Area. 9 th Edition. DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

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1 Degree Courses at German Universities An Overview by Subject Area 9 th Edition

2 Publisher DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst German Academic Exchange Service Kennedyallee 50, D Bonn (Germany) Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet Project Coordination Alexander Haridi, Anne Münkel Publishing House BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH, Nürnberg Editor Simone Krach-Kestin Translation Guy Moore, Bad Honnef Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld Printed by Moeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Köln Print-run May ,000 Excerpt from www-en.studienwahl.de with the kind permission of the editors, Die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA); responsible for the contents: BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH for the contents: Die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bundesagentur für Arbeit and BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH Degree Courses at German Universities 9 th Edition: DAAD Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details. This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.

3 Degree Courses at German Universities 3 Content 6 Introduction 9 Abbreviations 15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science 16 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture 18 Forestry, Forest Management 20 Horticultural Sciences 21 Landscape Architecture, Landscape Management 23 Wood and Timber Management, Wood and Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting and Refinishing 25 2 Engineering 26 Aerospace Engineering 27 Architecture, Urban Planning 30 Automotive Engineering, Traffic and Transport Engineering 31 Civil Engineering 34 Electrical Engineering and Information Technology 37 Environmental Protection, Ecology, Waste Disposal Technology 39 Food Technology 41 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology and Engineering 43 Industrial Engineering 45 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering, Building Materials, Paper Engineering 49 Mechanical Engineering 52 Mechatronics 54 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying 57 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations Engineering, Maritime Transport 58 Optical Technologies 61 Precision and Micro Engineering 62 Printing Technology and Media Technology 65 Production Engineering 66 Public Utilities Engineering, Facility Engineering 68 Regional and Area Planning

4 4 Degree Courses at German Universities 69 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology 70 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography 73 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology 75 3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design 76 Art History 77 Cultural Studies 79 Design 81 Drama and Theatre Studies 82 German Studies 84 History 86 Interior Design 87 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies 88 Library Administration, Archive Administration, Documentation 91 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric 93 Media 95 Media Studies, Journalism 96 Music, Performing Arts 99 Musicology 101 Philology, Classical 102 Philology, Modern 106 Philosophy 108 Religious Studies 109 Translating and Interpreting 110 Visual Arts Law and Economics/Business Administration 114 Business Information Systems 116 Commercial Law 117 Economic Sciences 123 Law 124 Transportation and Logistics Mathematics, Natural Sciences 128 Biochemistry 129 Biology 131 Biotechnology, Bioengineering 133 Chemistry, Food Chemistry 136 Computer Science 140 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics 141 Geography

5 Content Geosciences/Earth Sciences 145 Mathematics 148 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy 151 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering 153 Statistics Medical and Public Health Services 156 Dentistry 157 Medicine 159 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education and Management in the Public Health System 160 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering 162 Therapy professions 165 Veterinary medicine Social Sciences 168 Educational Science 169 Political Science 170 Psychology 172 Religious Education 174 Social Sciences, Sociology 175 Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs 177 Sport 179 Theology (Catholic) 180 Theology (Protestant) 183 Higher Education Institutions in Germany 203 Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses 230 Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD 232 Where to find more information

6 6 Degree Courses at German Universities Introduction Welcome to the world of German higher education! This guide provides an overview of the wide range of study opportunities, curricula and degree programmes that Germany s many higher education institutions offer. We have various types of higher education institutions. There are traditional universities, including technical universities and universities of technology and other academic institutions of equivalent status, such as medical schools and universities, universities of education, church colleges (Protestant), colleges of philosophy and theology (Catholic) and colleges and universities of art, film and music. And, finally, there are universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen). Traditional universities and institutions of equivalent status teach and research. They are entitled to confer academic degrees (Bachelor s, Master s, State Examination, doctoral degrees and in some cases Diplom and Magister degrees). Universities also set and hold examinations. Those wishing to work in research or academia can obtain the qualifications they need from these institutions. The subjects offered by these are often grouped together in faculties, departments, schools or other units. Typical examples include engineering, natural sciences, medicine, law, economics and business administration, social sciences, arts and humanities, and agricultural sciences. Universities of applied sciences (in German Fachhochschulen or sometimes just Hochschulen, abbreviated as FH and HS, respectively) differ from the traditional universities above in one important respect. They do not award doctorates. Rather, these institutions provide their students with the qualifications needed to work independently in their chosen professions, where they apply the scientific knowledge and artistic skills that they have acquired in their academic studies. Some of the degree programmes offered by universities of applied sciences correspond with those offered by universities. The goals and contents of these programmes have a clear practical and applied focus as expressed in the name universities of applied sciences. Students of such programmes complete extended periods of practical training (internships, work placements, practical semesters) as an inherent part of their curriculum. Students at universities of applied sciences graduate with a Bachelor s or a Master s degree. In some cases, the Diplom degree is awarded with an FH label to denote that it was conferred by a Fachhochschule.

7 Introduction 7 Colleges of art, film and music offer de gree courses in artistic and musical subjects. They generally offer special art or music degrees. They are also entitled to confer doctorates. All of Germany s higher education institutions are currently reforming their degree structure in accordance with the Bologna Process. This involves a transition from Diplom and Magister degrees to Bachelor s and Master s degrees. Bachelor s programmes last six to eight semesters, generally equal to 180 credit points; Master s programmes last between two and four semesters, covering a maximum of 120 credit points. Holders of a Master s degree meet the formal requirement for admission to a doctoral programme at a university. The winter semester 2007/2008 already saw around two thirds of all degree programmes offered with these international degrees. The deadline for the final completion of these reforms has been set at This means that some courses and programmes will no longer be continued, while, in other cases, new courses and programmes will be opened sometimes at quite short notice. Please also note that degree programmes qualifying graduates for an academic profession will continue to end with a state examination degree (Staatsprüfung/Staatsexamen). The professions in question are: Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science, Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Teaching, and Law. The relevant chapters provide more information on the structure and length of these degree programmes. An English-German index of common degree programme titles at the end of the brochure aims to help you gain a better understanding of the German higher education system. You will also find a list of all the higher education institutions in Germany, along with important links on where you can find more information. Admission: There are various ways to apply for a study place at a German higher education institution. The question of which route is the right one for you depends on your chosen subject, on the higher education institution in question, and on your country of origin. International applicants are required to present school or academic certificates that are also recognised as higher education entrance qualifications in their country of origin or home country. International students often have to apply direct to the International Office (Akademisches Auslandsamt) or to the Registrar s Office (Studierendensekretariat) at the university at which they would like to study. More than 100 German higher education institutions only process applications from abroad after these have been checked for formal compliance by uni-assist (Service Centre for International Student Applications). On the other hand, higher education institutions are increasingly deciding for themselves who can study at their institution on the basis of certain quality criteria. Furthermore, special qualifications such as certificates confirming the completion of an internship or special aptitude or

8 8 Degree Courses at German Universities skills may be required before the studies begin. More information on questions of admission can be found at zulassung, at and at anabin is a database (German language only) run by the Central Office for Foreign Education that provides information on the recognition of foreign educational or academic certificates. Applicants from abroad are also generally required to prove that they have adequate German language skills before they can start studying in Germany. This proof can best be provided by submitting certain language certificates. Once you have decided on which subject you wish to study, the guide will provide a detailed description of the programmes and degrees in alphabetical order. The guide only contains information of relevance to degree programmes and courses offered in Germany. For additional information please check the other DAAD publications. The International Office (Akademisches Auslandsamt) and the Registrar s Office (Studierendensekretariat) are the most important contact points for foreign students at German higher education institutions (For a list of addresses: see page 183). Please note: Various German abbreviations have not been translated, especially in the list of course or programme providers. Where no exact English equivalent exists for a German institution, just the German title will be given. The same applies to the degrees Diplom and Magister. We now wish you all the best in your search for a degree programme that meets your requirements and interests!

9 Abbreviations 9 Abbreviations AKAD FH AkdBK AMD ASFH BC BiTS BLS BTK DHV DIU DSHS EBS EFB EFF EHS ESCP-EAP Esmt EUFH EvFH EvFHS FABW FernFH AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences) Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Academy of Visual Arts) Akademie Mode & Design (Academy of Fashion and Design) Alice-Salomon Fachhochschule für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik Berlin (University of Applied Sciences Social Work and Social Education) Baltic College Güstrow (University of Applied Sciences) Business and Information Technology School Bucerius Law School Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule (Berlin Technical College of Art) Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften (German University of Administrative Sciences) Dresden International University Deutsche Sporthochschule (German Sports University) European Business School Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (Protestant University of Applied Sciences Berlin) Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius (European University of Applied Sciences Fresenius) Evangelische Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of Applied Sciences Social Work) Europäische Wirtschaftshochschule (European School of Management) European School of Management and Technology Europäische Fachhochschule (European University of Applied Sciences) Evangelische Fachhochschule (Protestant University of Applied Sciences) Evangelische Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of Applied Sciences Social Work) Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg (College of Film Baden- Württemberg) Fern-Fachhochschule (Distance Studies University of Applied Sciences)

10 10 Degree Courses at German Universities FernU Fernuniversität (Distance Studies University) FH Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) FHAM Fachhochschule für angewandtes Management (University of Applied Sciences applied Management) FHdD Fachhochschule der Diakonie (Diaconia-University of Applied Sciences) FHDW Fachhochschule für die Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences Business and Management) FHKunst Fachhochschule für Kunsttherapie, Kunstpädagogik und Kunst (University of Applied Sciences Art, Art Therapy and Art Education) FHM Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences of the Small Business) FHTelekom Deutsche Telekom Fachhochschule (German Telekom University of Applied Sciences) FHTG Fachhochschule für Technik und Gestaltung (University of Applied Sciences Technology and Design) FHTW Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences Technology and Business) FHVR Fachhochschule für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege (University of Applied Sciences for Administration and Legal Affairs) FHW Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences Business and Management) FHWT Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft und Technik (University of Applied Sciences Business and Technology) FilmHS Hochschule für digitale Medienproduktion (The German Film School) FOM Fachhochschule für Oekonomie & Management (University of Applied Sciences Economics & Management) FU Freie Universität (Free University) GSA Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie (Gustav-Siewerth-Academy) H Hochschule (Higher Education Institution) HandelsH Handelshochschule Leipzig (Leipzig Graduate School of Management) HAW Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (University of Applied Sciences) HAWK Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of Applied Sciences and Arts) HBK Hochschule für Bildende Künste (College of Fine Arts) HCU HafenCity Universität (Harbour City University Hamburg) HdM Hochschule der Medien (Media University) HfBK Hochschule für Bildende Künste (College of Fine Art)

11 Abbreviations 11 HFF Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen (College of Film and Television) HfG Hochschule für Gestaltung (University of Design) HfGest Hochschule für Gestaltung (College of Design) HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule (Hamburg Distance Learning Institute) HfK Hochschule für Künste (University of Arts) HfKi Hochschule für Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music) HfKiM Hochschule für Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music) HfKM Hochschule für Kirchenmusik und Musikpädagogik (College of Church Music and Music Education) HfKuD Hochschule für Kunst und Design (College of Art and Design) HfM Hochschule für Musik (College of Music) HfMDK Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (College of Music and Performing Arts) HfMT Hochschule für Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre) HfP Hochschule für Politik (University for Political Studies) HfS Hochschule für Schauspiel (College of Drama) HFS Hochschule für Sozialwesen (University of Applied Sciences Social Studies) HFT Hochschule für Technik (University of Applied Sciences Technology) HfTL Hochschule für Telekommunikation Leipzig (University of Telecommunications Leipzig) HfWU Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt (Nürtingen Geislingen University of Business and Environment) H:G Hochschule für Gesundheit & Sport (University of Health and Sport) HGB Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst (College of Graphic and Book Art) HHN Hochschule Heilbronn (Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences) HJS Hochschule für Jüdische Studien (University for Jewish Studies) HMT Hochschule für Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre) HPhil Hochschule für Philosophie (University of Philosophy) HS Hochschule (Higher Education Institution) HSBA Hamburg School of Business Administration HSF Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe (Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe-University of Applied Sciences) HS Gestaltung Hochschule für Gestaltung (University of Design) HSoG Hertie School of Governance HTW Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Technology and Business) HTWK Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (University of Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Culture)

12 12 Degree Courses at German Universities HU Humboldt-Universität (Humboldt-University) IB-HS IB-Hochschule für Soziales und Kommunikation (University of Social and Communication Studies) IBS International Business School IH Internationale Hochschule (International University of Applied Sciences and Arts) IHI Internationales Hochschulinstitut (International Higher Education Institute) ISM International School of Management ISS International Business School of Service Management IU International University KathFH Katholische Fachhochschule (Catholic University of Applied Sciences) KathFHS Katholische Fachhochschule Hochschule für Sozialwesen, Religionspädagogik und Pflege (Catholic University of Applied Sciences Social Studies, Religious Education and Nursing) KH Muthesius Kunsthochschule (Muthesius Academy of Fine Arts) KHSB Katholische Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin (Catholic University for Applied Sciences Berlin) KiH/KiHo Kirchliche Hochschule (Protestant Studies College) KuAk Kunstakademie (Academy of Arts) KuHMedien Kunsthochschule für Medien (Academy of Media Arts) LuthThH Lutherisch Theologische Hochschule (Lutherian Theological College) MBS Munich Business School MDH Mediadesign Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences Mediadesign) Merkur int. FH Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule (Merkur International University of Applied Sciences) MerzAk Merz Akademie Hochschule für Gestaltung (Merz Academy University of Applied Sciences for Design) MFM macromedia fachhochschule der medien (Macromedia University of Applied Sciences of Media) MHH Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School) NTA Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie (University of Sciences and Technology) PH Pädagogische Hochschule (College of Education) PhThH Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule (Catholic Studies College) Pop-Akad.BW Pop-Akademie Baden-Württemberg (Pop Music Academy of Baden- Württemberg) Priv.FH private Hochschule (Private University of Applied Sciences) PTHV Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar (Catholic Studies College Vallendar)

13 Abbreviations 13 RheinFH SDI SHB SRH TFH TH Theol. S ThFak ThH TiHo TU TUBergAk U UBw UdK UMC WHL WHU ZU Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln (Technical University of Applied Sciences at Cologne) Hochschule für Angewandte Sprachen (University of Applied Languages) Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin (Steinbeis University Berlin) SRH Hochschule (SRH University of Applied Sciences) Technische Fachhochschule (Technical University of Applied Sciences) Technische Hochschule (Technical University) Theologisches Seminar (Katholic Studies College) Theologische Fakultät (Theological Faculty) Theologische Hochschule (Theological College) Tierärztliche Hochschule (School of Veterinary Science) Technische Universität (Technical University) Technische Universität Bergakademie (Technical University Mining Academy) Universität (University) Universität der Bundeswehr (University of the Federal Armed Forces) Universität der Künste (University of the Arts) University of Management Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Graduate School of Business and Economics) Wissenschaftliche Hochschule für Unternehmensführung (Graduate School of Corporate Management) Zeppelin University

14 14 Degree Courses at German Universities

15 Degree Courses at German Universities 15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science

16 16 Degree Courses at German Universities 1.1 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture Study Field Outline Farming and agriculture address the economic and commercial use and cultivation of farmland for crop and livestock production. This includes wine-growing (viniculture) and the processing of agricultural produce, such as dairy farming. Agriculture is closely related to forest science/ forest management. Studies in agriculture and the more technology orientated field of farming at universities of applied sciences generally lead to careers in teaching, consultancy and administration, and more rarely to practical hands-on work as a farmer. Agriculture is based on science, engineering, economics and business management, and social sciences, including the use of electronic control equipment to produce optimum yields. Following the needs of present-day farming and agriculture, the field of phytomedicine, the theory of plant diseases and disorders, and their prevention, has taken on a much more important role. Organic farming, welfare-orientated animal husbandry, and the environmentally-compatible use of artificial fertilisers (e.g. anti-water pollution measures) plus comprehensive agricultural training that not only teaches the principles of organic farming but also delivers a knowledge of marketing, corporate management and product quality (e.g. the degree programme in organic farming) are becoming ever more important. Studies at Universities Practical experience/internships: Students are not generally required to complete a period of pre-study practical training (work placements, internships) before they commence their studies, although such training is generally recommended (6 weeks). In some cases, students are required to complete a prestudy internship (13 weeks to 12 months). 6 to 12 months of practical training must generally have been completed before the final examination is taken. All federal states require that candidates for higher agricultural civil service positions, including teaching, have completed at least 12 months of professional practical training before they can be accepted. Aspiring agricultural engineers are recommended to acquire practical knowledge and insights. Studies: Students initially take modules to acquire the scientific and socio-scientific principles. like botany, zoology, chemistry, agricultural meteorology, mathematics and statistics, resource conservation. Specialist modules, like farm/agricultural management, plant/crop nutrition and phytopathology, plant/crop production, grassland farming, animal breeding and animal husbandry, feed science, soil science/pedology, agricultural engineering and machinery, agricultural policy, market theory. Extension and consolidation options in crop science, livestock science,

17 Agriculture and Forest Science 17 agricultural engineering and machinery, agronomy and agribusiness, farming economics and social sciences, environmental science of agricultural landscapes. Crossdisciplinary modules also offered, e.g. agricultural information systems, professional communication, scientific consulting. Programmes in this field Berlin HU Berlin TU Bonn U Cottbus TU Gießen U (Gießen, Geisenheim) Göttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Kassel U (Witzenhausen) Kiel U München TU (Freising) Rostock U Some universities divide the Bachelor s programme into a basic and a main study stage / consolidation studies. Studies at Universities of Applied Sciences Practical experience/internships: Prestudy internships of between 6 weeks and 12 months are required as prescribed by federal state regulations. Essentially, no proof of pre-study practical experience needed if the applicant holds an appropriate vocational or school qualification. Studies: Programme-dependent, variously weighted modules on the scientifictechnological principles of mathematics, statistics, physics, botany, animal biology, agricultural chemistry, soil science and regional studies, plant and animal nutrition, agricultural machinery and engineering, agricultural production and the environment, plus economic, legal and socio-scientific aspects. Complementary modules on foreign languages, professional information systems, agricultural history, principles of management, etc. animal production, organic farming, agronomy, agricultural machinery and engineering, agricultural building, etc. Viniculture, beverage technology: Majors to be chosen in viniculture and cellar management or beverage technology. International wine management: Delivery of general specialist knowledge in the field of viniculture/viticulture, oenology and in economics and business administration, plus in fields of international wine management. Programmes in this field Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Köthen) Bingen FH Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Kiel FH (Osterrönfeld) Köln FH Neubrandenburg HS Nürtingen HfWU Osnabrück FH Rottenburg HS Südwestfalen FH (Soest) Weihenstephan FH (Freising, Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH (Geisenheim) Agriculture, agricultural management, farming: Extension and consolidation courses plus applied fields of specialisation to be chosen from plant and

18 18 Degree Courses at German Universities 1.2 Forestry, Forest Management Study Field Outline Forestry and forest management deal with the sustainable, planned and professional use of forests to meet the requirements of human society, focusing on economic and commercial use as well as on the significance of forests and woods for the environment and especially for the viability of the biosphere, the climate, the water balance, clean air, soil fertility, the countryside, farming, agriculture and the infrastructure, as well as rest and recreation for the population. The importance of this economic sector is illustrated by the fact that one third of Germany s surface area is covered by woods and forests. Wood (timber) is an important resource and is, in economic terms, the most important renewable raw material. Wood serves as an important commodity for the local timber and paper industry. Forest science and forest management also concern themselves with questions of tropical rain forests and global wood and forest ecosystems, and with questions of international marketing, for example. All in all, forest management strives to optimise wood production based on ecological considerations while at the same time securing the protective and recreational function of woods and forests. The diverse range of responsibilities performed by forest managers and engineers call for an ability to solve biological and ecological problems and for an understanding of engineering and business management issues, plus knowledge of law, commercial skills and an extensive knowledge of administration. Universities of applied sciences programmes in forest management concentrate more on practical woodland management and operational management of forestry measures as district forest supervisors. Studies at Universities Practical experience/internships: A studyintegrated work experience internship of several months is completed in forestry field offices and forestry companies. Studies: Scientific and methodological principles of forest science and resource management, including relevant modules in mathematics, chemistry, biology, soil science/pedology and site ecology and topology, forest botany, dendrology, climatology and forest meteorology, forest site mapping and cataloguing, zoology, wildlife research, economic principles, forest law. Scientific specialisation and consolidation through optional and core study areas. Modules on forest and woodland ecology, forest ergonomics and forest operations engineering, forest exploitation, forest and woodland management, forest policy, tim-

19 Agriculture and Forest Science 19 ber market studies, wood uses, forest and woodland planning, landscape development, law, forest administration studies. Core areas like international forest economics, arboreal medicine, nature conservation and environmental law, plantation/ orchard technology. Universities have partly abolished the formal division of the basic and main study stage. Programmes in this field Dresden TU (Tharandt) Freiburg U Göttingen U München TU (Freising) Studies at Universities of Applied Sciences Practical experience/internships: Depending on the school/vocational qualifications, a pre-study internship of several weeks is generally required, e.g. in forest field offices, forest companies. Integrated, professional practical semester completed during the studies. Studies: Initially, the programme delivers the ecological, scientific, economic and technical principles with modules in botany, zoology, wildlife ecology, forest work science, applied forestry engineering, soil science, site ecology and topology, forest and woodland ecology, climatology, tree species research, mathematics, surveying, site mapping, statistics, applied computing, business administration, health and safety at work. Specific consolidation in applied fields of production, silviculture and forestry engineering, forest management, operational management, forest and woodland ecology. Majors enable students to specialise in fields like forest and local authority management, geographical information systems (GIS) and landscape management, tropical forest management, international wood and timber trading, etc. Complementary modules on topics like project management, foreign languages, quality management, forest and woodland education. Programmes in this field Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH Hildesheim/ Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen) Köln FH Rottenburg HS Weihenstephan FH (Freising)

20 20 Degree Courses at German Universities 1.3 Horticultural Sciences Study Field Outline Horticulture builds on the scientific, economic, sociological and technical principles and knowledge needed to facilitate the best possible environment-conserving crop production and breeding for human nutrition and for the enhancement and visual improvement of the living environment. Key areas include tree and shrub nurseries and gardening, fruit and vegetable growing and ornamental horticulture, garden plant and seed growing, horticultural management and market theory, greenhouse technology, plant protection (pest control). Horticulture firstly delivers a broad knowledge base in all fields of modern horticultural sciences, such as modern production processes in intensive farming, sustainable resource usage and biological plant protection, and so leads to an ecological understanding of horticulture; secondly, the teaching also delivers the necessary economic and sociological knowledge and competence. Studies at Universities Practical experience/internships: Students are either required to complete an eight-week basic and an eight-week work experience internship or a six-month vocational internship before they graduate. Students wishing to enter the higher agricultural civil services are urgently recommended to complete a one-year internship. Studies: Initially, studies focus on learning the scientific principles and horticultural plant production. Modules include general biology, botany, biomathematics, (bio)chemistry, physics, horticultural plant production, horticultural engineering and technology, fruit, vegetable and ornamental plant growing, tree nurseries, meteorology, plant physiology, soil science/pedology, biostatistics, genetics, plant nutrition, phytomedicine. Extension and consolidation with focuses in biology, ecology, agronomy, engineering and economics. Complementary courses provide students with cross-disciplinary key qualifications. Programmes in this field Berlin HU Berlin TU Hannover U München TU (Freising)