Route Servers for!dummies or: Scaling is Hard; Let s Go Shopping!
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1 Route Servers for!dummies or: Scaling is Hard; Let s Go Shopping! Nick Hilliard Head of Operations nick@inex.ie
2 Some Blurb on INEX Currently only member-owner IXP in Ireland 59 members, 46 full members, 13 associate Estimate about 90% eyeballs in Ireland (South) Traffic levels: daytime peaks of 6G Provide usual services - 10M to 10G ethernet Two separate L2 infrastructures Three PoPs: Telecity Dublin, DEG, Interxion DUB1 Mixture of Brocade (FES-X624, TI24X) and Cisco 6500 Fibre lit with Transmode DWDM kit - N x 10G Highly active community interest
3 Some Blurb on INEX Currently only member-owner IXP in Ireland 59 members, 46 full members, 13 associate Estimate about 90% eyeballs in Ireland (South) Traffic levels: daytime peaks of 6G Provide usual services - 10M to 10G ethernet Two separate L2 infrastructures Three PoPs: Telecity Dublin, DEG, Interxion DUB1 Mixture of Brocade (FES-X624, TI24X) and Cisco 6500 Fibre lit with Transmode DWDM kit - N x 10G Free Beer at Meetings!!!11!! Highly active community interest
4 Some Blurb on INEX Currently only member-owner IXP in Ireland 59 members, 46 full members, 13 associate Estimate about 90% eyeballs in Ireland (South) Traffic levels: daytime peaks of 6G Provide usual services - 10M to 10G ethernet Two separate L2 infrastructures Three PoPs: Telecity Dublin, DEG, Interxion DUB1 Mixture of Brocade (FES-X624, TI24X) and Cisco 6500 Fibre lit with Transmode DWDM kit - N x 10G Highly active community interest Oh yeah, we have some route-servers too
5 Route Servers for Dummies Platform for multi lateral peering agreements (MPLA) Similar to a route reflector, except uses ebgp Very fashionable at IXPs right now Reduce administrative load of peering Simple interconnection to lots of other partners Instant RoI (ISP management likes this) Outsourcing RIB calculations to fast machines(!) Safe if IXP has implemented prefix filtering Considered ghetto routing by larger providers There are good reasons for this opinion INEX recommends peering with route servers unless you know why you shouldn t Because route servers are not for everyone Route prefix filtering considered indispensable by IXP participants
6 Route Servers for Dummies
7 Route Servers for Dummies Peering on IXP without Route Servers
8 Route Servers for Dummies Peering on IXP without Route Servers Peering on IXP with Route Servers
9 Single-RIB BGP policy problem IXP Fabric Y A X Single RIB Route Server C D B
10 Single-RIB BGP policy problem IXP Fabric Y A X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients B
11 Single-RIB BGP policy problem IXP Fabric Y A X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B B
12 Single-RIB BGP policy problem IXP Fabric Y A X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B
13 Single-RIB BGP policy problem IXP Fabric RS calculates best path as BX Y A X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B
14 Single-RIB BGP policy problem Y A IXP Fabric RS calculates best path as BX B does not peer with D (tag 0:D) X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B
15 Single-RIB BGP policy problem Y A IXP Fabric RS calculates best path as BX B does not peer with D (tag 0:D) X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B D should see XYA path
16 Single-RIB BGP policy problem Y A IXP Fabric RS calculates best path as BX B does not peer with D (tag 0:D) X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B D should see XYA path RS RIB has only one best path - BX
17 Single-RIB BGP policy problem Y A IXP Fabric RS calculates best path as BX B does not peer with D (tag 0:D) X Single RIB Route Server C D ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B D should see XYA path RS RIB has only one best path - BX D does not see X
18 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server X Loc-RIB A Loc-RIB B C Loc-RIB C B Loc-RIB D D
19 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients B Loc-RIB D D
20 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B B Loc-RIB D D
21 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB D D
22 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server import rule filters on tag X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB D D
23 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server import rule filters on tag RIB C sees BX and AYX X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB D D
24 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server import rule filters on tag RIB C sees BX and AYX RIB D only sees AYX X Loc-RIB A C Loc-RIB B Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB D D
25 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server import rule filters on tag RIB C sees BX and AYX RIB D only sees AYX X Loc-RIB A Loc-RIB B BX C Loc-RIB C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB D D RIB C selects BX
26 How Per-Client Loc-RIBs Work Y A export import Multi- RIB Route Server import rule filters on tag RIB C sees BX and AYX RIB D only sees AYX X Loc-RIB A Loc-RIB B BX C ABCD route server clients X reaches IXP via transit A and B AYX longer than BX B Loc-RIB C Loc-RIB D AYX D RIB C selects BX RIB D selects AYX
27
28 Ceiling Cat is Watching you Propagate
29 Problems with Multiple Loc-RIBs
30 Problems with Multiple Loc-RIBs Multiple Loc-RIBs mean: Memory, CPU consumption go from O(M) to O(N x M) N = number of clients M = total number of prefixes
31 Problems with Multiple Loc-RIBs Multiple Loc-RIBs mean: Memory, CPU consumption go from O(M) to O(N x M) N = number of clients M = total number of prefixes Update processing resources required are: Where P(n) = the number of prefixes from peer n N = number of peers connected to system This scales as P average * N 2
32 Help!
33 Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
34 Cute Kitteh! Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
35 Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
36 SRSLY Cute Kitteh! Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
37 Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
38 Evil Kitteh! Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
39 Resources Required Peers & Prefixes
40 Resources Required CPU / Memory / Network Resource Limit Peers & Prefixes
41 The bit you need to get worried about Resources Required CPU / Memory / Network Resource Limit Peers & Prefixes
42 System Response Time Peers & Prefixes
43 Performance Knee System Response Time Peers & Prefixes
44 Performance Knee System Response Time Peers & Prefixes Performance Goes to Hell in a Handcart
45
46 Facts and Figures A single BGP prefix update might take bytes on network to send to peer might take 10-30µS to process update Disclaimer this ignores attributes, path length, cpu speed, and a pile of other highly relevant parameters
47 Facts and Figures A single BGP prefix update might take bytes on network to send to peer might take 10-30µS to process update Disclaimer this ignores attributes, path length, cpu speed, and a pile of other highly relevant parameters Ok, it s hand-waving
48 Facts and Figures 200 clients Average 100 prefixes each
49 Facts and Figures 200 clients Average 100 prefixes each Multi- RIB Route Server RIB A RIB B RIB C RIB prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes Client A Client B Client C 50 prefixes Client 100
50 Facts and Figures 200 clients Average 100 prefixes each Multi- RIB Route Server RIB A RIB B RIB C RIB prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes 50 prefixes prefixes Client A Client B Client C RS to Client updates: 19500*200 = 3,900,000 Client to RS updates: 100 * 200 = updates Total BGP updates: 4,000, M of network traffic s CPU time 50 prefixes Client 100
51 Facts and Figures 1000 clients Average 500 prefixes each
52 Facts and Figures 1000 clients Average 500 prefixes each Multi- RIB Route Server RIB A RIB B RIB C RIB prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes Client A Client B Client C 500 prefixes Client 1000
53 Facts and Figures 1000 clients Average 500 prefixes each Multi- RIB Route Server RIB A RIB B RIB C RIB prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes 500 prefixes prefixes Client A Client B Client C RS to Client updates: *1000 = 499.5m Client to RS updates: 1000 * 500 = 500k updates Total BGP updates: 500m 5-15G of network traffic m CPU time 500 prefixes Client 1000
54 How Do We Fix This? Super-linear scaling causes inherent breakage Moving away from one Loc-RIB per client model is critical Right now, this isn t the primary cause of IXP breakage Three primary models to escape this limitation Collapse multiple Loc-RIBs in memory into single gargantuan Loc-RIB less memory, less CPU You can run but you can t hide Use prior knowledge Web based peering Disable unique Loc-RIB on per client basis BGP ADD_PATH Capability Published as ID: draft-walton-bgp-add-paths Moves BGP Best Path Selection to client, so filtering can be performed without selecting
55
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