Contemporary Masters in Criminology

Transcription

1 Contemporary Masters in Criminology

2 THE PLENUM SERIES IN CRIME AND JUSTICE Series Editors: James Alan Fox, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts Joseph Weis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington CONTEMPORARY MASTERS IN CRIMINOLOGY Edited by Joan McCord and John H. Laub CRIMINAL INCAPACITATION William Spelman DELINQUENCY CAREERS IN TWO BIRTH COHORTS Paul E. Tracy, Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio PERSONAL LIBERTY AND COMMUNITY SAFETY Pretrial Release in the Criminal Court John S. Goldkamp, Michael R. Gottfredson, Peter R. Jones, and Doris Weiland RACE AND THE JURY Racial Disenfranchisement and the Search for Justice Hiroshi Fukurai, Edgar W. Butler, and Richard Krooth RAPE LAW REFORM A Grassroots Revolution and Its Impact Cassia Spohn and Julie Horney A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

3 Contemporary Masters in Criminology Edited by Joan McCord Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and John H. Lauh Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts Published in cooperation with the American Society of Criminology Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data On file ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Plenum Press, New York 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1995 Softcover reprint oftbe hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 Contributors FREDA ADLER, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey RONALD L. AKERS, Department of Sociology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida HARRY E. ALLEN, Administration of Justice Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, California JOHN C. BALL, Addiction Research, National Institute of Drug Abuse, P.O. Box 5180, Baltimore, Maryland WILLIAM J. CHAMBLISS, Department of Sociology, George Washington University, Washington, DC SUSAN K. DATESMAN, Piper and Marbury, 36 South Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland WILLIAM DIENSTEIN, 2209 Scott Street, San Francisco, California SIMON DINITZ, Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio GILBERT GElS, Program in Social Ecology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California DANIEL GLASER, Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California v

6 vi Contributors DON M. GOTIFREDSON, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey TRAVIS HIRSCHI, Department of Sociology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona C. R. JEFFERY, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida JOHN P. KENNEY, P.O. Box 1033, Blue Jay, California MARVIN D. KROHN, Department of Sociology, The University at Albany, Albany, New York LONN LANZA-KADUCE, Center for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida EDWARD LATESSA, Department of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio DONAL E.J. MACNAMARA, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, New York JOAN MCCORD, Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ALDEN D. MILLER, deceased GERHARD O.W. MUELLER, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey CHARLES L. NEWMAN, Golden Maple Place, Louisville, Kentucky DAVID N. NURCO, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland LLOYD E. OHLIN, Castine Research Corporation, Castine, Maine JOAN PETERSILIA, Program in Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92717

7 Contributors vii MARCIA RADOSEVICH, Health Payment Review, Boston, Massachusetts ALBERT J. REISS, Jr., Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut EDW ARD SAGARIN, deceased FRANK R. SCARPITTI, Department of Sociology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware JOHN W. SHAFFER, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio AUSTIN T. TURK, Department of Sociology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, Sellin Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law, University of Pennsylvania

8 Preface In 1991, the American Society of Criminology, a multidisciplinary organization of people dedicated to research, teaching, and practice in the field of criminology, celebrated its 50th year as a professional society. To commemorate the first 50 years of the ASC, the editors of this volume planned a session at the annual meeting of the society in November 1991 that involved nearly all of the living past presidents of the ASC at the time. (See Appendix A for a complete listing of past ASC presidents.) Our idea was to bring together past presidents of the organization to talk about their work in a context in which younger scholars could question them and debate their assumptions. Because the past presidents responded so enthusiastically, we organized them into seven groups. The topics discussed at the session included the origins of the ASC; police behavior; correctional research; prediction and classification; theories of delinquency, crime, and deviance; evaluation research; international criminology; white-collar crime; conflict theory and the politics of crime; cohort and cross-generational studies; and crime measurement. The specific groupings of ASC presidents, interviewers, and the selected topics of discussion are provided in Appendix B. The occasion to celebrate 50 years of work by the ASC membership afforded an opportunity to applaud significant accomplishments in the field. Development of the journal Criminology, the official journal of the ASC, received special praise as the premier journal in its field. Participants noted the tremendous growth of the membership of the ASC from a handful of men who knew one another personally to more than 2,000 members who interact through their common interests. Perhaps most salient among the changes has been the inclusion of women and ethnic minorities among members and leaders of the ASC. ix

9 x Preface The session also provided opportunities to reflect upon our shortcomings as an organization. These included the difficulties of establishing an effective crime policy based on research and theory and the myopic nature of much current thinking about crime and crime control. Building on this session, the editors asked each of the past presidents to contribute a previously published article for a collection of readings entitled Contemporary Masters in Criminology. The primary idea was to bring together in one volume the works of past presidents of the ASC. These individuals have been the leading thinkers in the fields of criminology and criminal justice over the last 50 years. Such a volume demonstrates to undergraduate students studying criminology and criminal justice the continuities of many issues in the field. Indeed, the collection of articles contained in this book reflects the diversity of thought and intellectual power of the past presidents of the ASC. Topics of the articles in the volume include the philosophy of punishment, policing, the politics of crime and crime control, criminological theory, drug use, white-collar crime, female crime, the study of deviance, parole, prediction studies, and criminal justice policy. Several of these articles provide an important historical context for the contemporary student of criminology and criminal justice. Moreover, many of the older articles reveal the intransigence of several of the" current" issues in the field today. This publication would not have been possible without assistance from the American Society of Criminology. The editors thank John L. Hagan, President of the ASC in its fifty-first year, for having suggested a commemorative celebration for the first 50 years. We wish to express special appreciation to the ASC Board and to Sarah Hall, Administrator of the ASC, as well as to Ruth D. Peterson, Program Chair for the meeting during which the past presidents discussed their view in a "presidential rumble." We also want to thank Jinney S. Smith, Ingrid L. Farally, Roni Mayzer, Kevin Conway, and Michael White for their work as research assistants on the project. We hope that the pages to follow will help to make the field of criminology interesting for those willing to accept the challenges presented by crimes in a diverse society.

10 Contents I. STRUCTURING SOCIETY 1 1. The Study oj Deviant Behavior: Where the Action Is Albert J. Reiss, Jr. 2. Class, Conflict, and Criminalization Austin T. Turk 3. State-Organized Crime-The American Society oj Criminology, 1988 Presidential Address William J. Chambliss 4. The Emergence oj Criminal Justice: Tracing the Route to Neolithic Times Gerhard o.w. Mueller and Freda Adler II. POLICING SOCIETY Crime, the Criminal, and Society William Dienstein 6. Police and Human Relations in Management John P. Kenney xi

11 xii Contents 7. Trial by Jury: An Outmoded Relic? Charles L. Newman III. VARIETIES OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR The Day-to-Day Criminality of Heroin Addicts in Baltimore-A Study in the Continuity of Offence Rates John C. Ball, John W. Shaffer, and David N. Nurco 9. White Collar Crime: The Heavy Electrical Equipment Antitrust Cases of Gilbert Geis 10. The Homosexual as a Crime Victim Edward Sagarin and Donal E. J. MacNamara IV. SOURCES OF CRIME Criminal Behavior and Learning Theory C. R. Jeffery 12. Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific Test of a General Theory Ronald L. Akers, Marvin D. Krohn, Lonn Lanza-Kaduce, and Marcia Radosevich 13. Causes and Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Travis Hirschi 14. Female Delinquency and Broken Homes: ARe-assessment Susan K. Datesman and Frank R. Scarpitti 15. Crime in Moral and Social Contexts-The American Society of Criminology, 1989 Presidential Address Joan McCord

12 Contents xiii V. PUNISHMENTS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF CRIME The Just Deserts vs. the Medical Model Marvin E. Wolfgang 17. Science and Politics as Criminologists' Vocations Daniel Glaser 18. Halfway Houses and Parole: A National Assessment Edward Latessa and Harry E. Allen 19. Introduction to Delinquency and Community: Creating Opportunities and Controls Alden D. Miller and Lloyd E. Ohlin VI. CRIMINOLOGY AS PUBLIC POLICY Assessment and Prediction Methods in Crime and Delinquency Don M. Gottfredson 21. In Fear of Each Other Simon Dinitz 22. Policy Relevance and the Future of Criminology-The American Society of Criminology, 1990 Presidential Address Joan Petersilia Index