How To Understand The Financial Markets
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1 Syndicated Loan Market Loan Syndications and Trading Association Bram Smith (Executive Director) Elliot Ganz (General Counsel)
2 LSTA member distribution LSTA member firms Institutional Investors s Law Firms Service Providers The Loan Syndications and Trading Association is the trade association for the floating rate corporate loan market. The LSTA promotes a fair, orderly, and efficient corporate loan market and provides leadership in advancing the interest of all market participants. The LSTA undertakes a wide variety of activities to foster the development of policies and market practices designed to promote just and equitable marketplace principles and to encourage cooperation and coordination with firms facilitating transactions in loans and related claims. 2
3 U.S. Corporate loan market is a vital source Of capital for American business U.S. Corporate loan and loan commitments outstanding U.S. Corporate loans outstanding Commits/outstandings ($Bils.) Held by non-banks According to government data, the U.S. syndicated loan market totals roughly $2.5 trillion of committed lines and outstanding loans The committed lines are loans in the form of revolvers they can be drawn, repaid, drawn, repaid, etc. It is a key source of financing for many large and middle market companies in the U.S. Over one-third of outstanding loans are held by non-banks; half of those are held by CLOs Source: Shared National Credit Review
4 U.S. syndicated lending volume U.S. syndicated lending volume Loan volume ($Bils.) Investment grade loans are often undrawn revolvers that backstop commercial paper programs for companies like IBM; they are held almost exclusively by banks. Non-investment grade (or leveraged) loans often include revolvers (drawn or undrawn) and one or more term loans; they are often used to fund mergers and are held by banks and non-bank investors Source: ThomsonReuters LPC
5 How a syndicated loan works (Continual engagement between agents, borrowers and lenders) U.S. Company Funds Request for information Amendment waivers Agent Information (at close, qtrly) Request for funds Request for amendments Interest/principal pmts Mutua Hedge Ins CLO l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge CoIns CLO l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge CLOCLO l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge CLO l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge CLOCLO l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge l Fund Mutua Fund Hedge CLO l Fund Fund CLO CoIns CoIns CoIns CoIns CoIns Co
6 Types of institutional investors 2010 primary investors in institutional loans Source: S&P/LCD
7 Loans trade in the secondary Annual loan trading activity Trading volume ($Bils.) Loans trade by assignment or participations Due to broad language, some participations might be considered swaps under Title VII
8 Loans can trade by either assignment or participation Assignment Participation Loan Agreement Loan Agreement Participation Agreement Borrower Borrower Payments on loan Lender of Record (Assignor) Payments on loan Lender of Record (Assignee) Payments on loan Lender of Record (Grantor) Payments on loan Certain voting rights on loan Future funding on loan Participant
9 LCDX PRODUCT
10 What is Single-Name LCDS? Reference Entity Protection Seller Premium Credit Risk Protection Buyer Contingent Payment upon Credit Event of Reference Entity CDS: contract where two parties exchange the credit risk of a Reference Entity LCDS: CDS tailored to loan market (Deliverable Obligations = secured loans) If a Credit Event occurs in respect of specified Reference Entity, Protection Buyer will have the right to settle the contract (physical vs. cash settlement) 10
11 What is LCDX? LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS 100 equally weighted Reference Entities LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS Premium LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDS LCDX Buyer (Protection Seller) Premium Credit Risk LCDX Seller (Protection Buyer) Contingent Payment on 1% of notional upon Credit Event of any Reference Entity in the index Portfolio of 100 equally weighted single-name LCDS contracts representing Reference Entities with most liquid US first lien loans Reference Entities selected by active dealers, index rolls every 6 months to ensure most liquid names are included 11
12 LCDX Key Terms: Credit Events Credit Events: Settlement on notional amount relating to single Reference Entity in the index is triggered if one of the following events occurs with respect to that entity: ruptcy of the Reference Entity Failure to Pay: Failure to make payments in excess of $1 mil on Borrowed Money obligations Includes bonds and loans Takes into account any applicable grace period 12
13 LCDX Key Terms: Deliverable Obligations Limited to Secured Loans Loans must meet the definition of Syndicated Secured in order to be deliverable Syndicated Secured means an obligation (i) that arises under a syndicated loan agreement and (ii) that, on the relevant day, trades as a loan of the Designated Priority under the then-current trading practices in the primary or secondary loan market, as the case may be LCDX Designated Priority = First Lien Poll of active LCDX dealers determines which loans are Syndicated Secured 13
14 LCDX Key Terms: Settlement Auction cash settlement LCDX dealers determine whether to hold an auction and compile list of Deliverable Obligations Auction occurs on one day and determines single price for list of Deliverable Obligations Physical settlement component enables interested parties to physically deliver loans All outstanding LCDX contracts cash settle at Auction Price Protection Seller pays 100% minus Auction Price multiplied by relevant notional amount (1% of total notional) Physical Settlement Fallback: Protection Buyer delivers Deliverable Obligation in exchange for par payment 14
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