SOC 423 Identity, Culture and Ethnicity in Turkey Fall, This course has a few aims. It first aims to examine the emergence and construction of

Transcription

1 SOC 423 Identity, Culture and Ethnicity in Turkey Fall, 2015 Objectives This course has a few aims. It first aims to examine the emergence and construction of Turkishness as the main form of we-ness/us-hood in contemporary Turkey. This will hopefully be achieved by means of studying those sociological, political, economic, military and diplomatic processes, which rendered Turkishness the main collective identity in Turkey. In other words, it is through which events and processes, the course will examine, that the local attachments and the Ottomanness as a collective identity were replaced by Turkishness. Accordingly, a good portion of the course will be devoted to the examination of the Turkification of population, culture, space, and economy. The second major objective of the course is to specify the main markers of Turkishness as it evolved in the last hundred years. Here, the idea is to study the grids of specification of Turkishness, i.e. to see what is denied and what is affirmed by Turkishness. This will hopefully provide a picture as to what the proper or ideal Turkishness is about. Lastly, it is also aimed to mark out the borders of Turkishness. Here, the objective is to examine who/what is included into and who/what is excluded from Turkishness. The discussions on all these issues will be informed by the theoretical debates on nationalism, nationhood, and nation-state formation, which will be covered in the first few weeks of the course. Requirements Attendance is compulsory. Course participants are expected to read the assigned material for each class meeting in advance, and actively participate in class discussions. Each participant will be asked to make a presentation during the seminars and write a term paper at the end of the term. Assessment 20 % Attendance + Participation 20 % Presentation 60 % Essay. 1

2 Course Schedule w1. Introduction: Mapping the Question Part I: Nationalism, Nationhood, and the Nation-state w2. Ethnicity, Nation, Race: Clarification of Concepts T. K. Oommen, Citizenship, Nationality and Ethnicity, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997), pp w3. Nationalism: Primordial or Modern? U. Özkırımlı, Theories of Nationalism A Critical Introduction, (Hampshire and New York: Palgrave, 2000), pp w4. Nationhood: Civic vs. Ethnic K. Jaskulowski, Western (civic) versus Eastern (ethnic) Nationalism. The Origins and Critique of the Dichotomy, Polish Sociological Review, 2010, n. 3. Stephen Shulman, Challenging the Civic/Ethnic and West/East Dichotomies in the Study of Nationalism, Comparative Political Studies, v. 35, n. 5, W. Rogers Brubaker The Manichean Myth: rethinking the Distinction Between Civic and Ethnic Nationalism, in Hanspeter Kriesi et. al. (eds) Nation and National Identity The European Experience in Perspective, (West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, 2004). Bernard Yack, The Myth of the Civic Nation in R. Beiner (ed.) Theorizing Nationalism, (Albany, State University of New York, 1999), pp Taras Kuzio, The Myth of the civic state: a critical survey of Hans Kohn s framework for understanding nationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25, 1, 2001, pp

3 w5. Nation-building Harris Mylonas, The Politics of Nation-Building, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp Juan J. Linz, J. Juan: State building and nation building, in: European Review 1, 1993, pp Charles Tilly, Reflections on the History of European State-Making in. C. Tilly (ed.) The Formation of National States in Western Europe, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975) pp Part II: After the Empire, or the Turkification of... w6. Population Kemal Karpat, Ottoman Population ( ): Demographic and Social Characteristics, (University of Wisconsin Press, 1985). Cem Behar, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun ve Türkiye nin Nüfusu , (Ankara: DİE, 1996). W7. Population Exchange Onur Yıldırım, The 1923 Population Exchange, Refugees and National Historiographies in Greece and Turkey. East European Quarterly, XL, (2006), p Çağlar Keyder, The Consequences of the Population Exchange for Turkey, Renee Hirschon (ed.), Crossing the Agean (new York & Oxford: Berghahn, 2003). Ayhan Aktar, Homogenising the Nation, Turkifying the Economy. The Turkish Experience Of Population Exchange Reconsidered, Renee Hirschon (ed.), Crossing the Agean (new York & Oxford: Berghahn, 2003). w8. Deportation / Genocide Taner Akçam, From Empire to the Republic. Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide, (London & New York: Zed Books: 2004), pp Taner Akçam, Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmuştur, (Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2008), pp ,

4 W9. Territory Joost Jongerden, Crafting Space, Making People: The Spatial Design of Nation in Modern Turkey, European Journal of Turkish Studies, n. 10, 2009, URL: Kerem Öktem, The Nation s Imprint: Demographic Engineering and the Change of Toponymes in RepublicancTurkey, European Journal of Turkish Studies, n. 7, 2008, URL: Erol Ülker, Assimilation, Security and Geographical Nationalization in Interwar Turkey: The Settlement Law of 1934, European Journal of Turkish Studies, n7, URL: Harun Tunçel, Türkiye de İsmi değiştirilen Köyler, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (2), pp Kerem Öktem Nationalism and Territory in the post-ottoman Space, University of Oxford, European Studies Centre, Ramses Working Paper 2/06, w10. Economy Murat Koraltürk, Ekonominin Türkleştirmesi (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2011), pp Mehmet Polatel İttihat ve Terakkiden Kemalist Döneme Ermeni Malları, Toplum ve Kuram, No. 3, 2010., pp Taner Akçam Uğur Ümit Üngör ve Mehmet Polatel: El Koyma ve Yıkım, Genç Türklerin Ermeni Mallarını Gasp Etmesi kitabı üzerine, Tarih ve Toplum, No. 14. pp Mehmet Polatel & Uğur Ümit Öngör Taner Akçam'ın eleştirilerine dair, Tarih ve Toplum, No. 14. pp w11. Culture: Assimilation & Discrimination Erol Ülker, Assimilation of the Muslim communities in the first decade of the Turkish Republic ( ), European Journal of Turkish Studies, URL: S. Aslan, Citizen, Speak Turkish: A Nation in the Making, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 13: 2, Ayhan Aktar, Turkification Policies in the Early Republican Era, C. Duftt (ed.) Turkish Literature and Cultural Memory, (Harrasowitz Verlag), pp

5 M. Çağatay Okutan, Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Politikaları, (İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2006). w12. Turkification of Turks and Muslimification of Muslims Hale Yılmaz, Becoming Turkish Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in the Eraly Republican Turkey, , (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2013), pp Alexandros Lamprou, Nation Building in Modern Turkey: The People s Houses, the State and the Citizen, (London: I. B. Tauris, 2015), pp Kazım Ateş, Ulusal kimlik içinde Alevi-yurttaş ve merkez-çevre eksenini yeniden düşünmek, Toplum ve Bilim, No. 107, 2006, pp Cihangir Gündoğdu & Vural Genç, Dersim de Osmanlı siyaseti: izâle-i vahşet, tashîh- i itikâd, tasfiye-i ezhân, (Istanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2013). (sıla) Füsun Üstel, Makbul Vatandaşın Peşinde (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2004). w13. The Frontiers of Turkishness Mesut Yeğen, Turkish Nationhood: Events, Rules and the Exceptions, forthcoming. Soner Çağaptay, Islam, Secularism and Nationalism in Modern Turkey Who is a Turk? (London & New York: Routledge, 2006), pp Şener Aktürk, Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia and Turkey, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp