affective and make a difference in their noble career, they have to be

Transcription

1 Muslim Counselors and the Western Code Of Ethics Dr.Ahmed Al-Rabae Abstract. The counselors present and the study Western Muslim of Ethics was designed to review Code and of counseling discuss the as issue seen of by the Western ethics schools applied by of Muslim counseling counselors and with reports Muslim that Islamic clients. moral The values study as must stated be implemented in Islamic teachings counseling process. For Muslim in the counselors ethics cannot the be Western applied code blindly of and Muslim without clients. modification When the Islamic with moral the code values of are ethics, in conflict neither with counselor nor the client will be the peace with their principles. In this at case, no real help can be gained 1

2 Introduction The present study Muslim Counselors and the Western Code of Ethics is designed to review and discuss the issue of the ethics of counseling as established by Western schools of psychology counseling and applied by Muslim psychology counselors with Muslim clients. The psychological professional counseling is one of the most important services that are greatly needed in Arab and Muslim countries. It is needed in our schools to help students understand themselves and have a healthy relationship with their colleagues, teachers and the family members. It is needed to help teachers find a better way in guiding their students to achieve their goals and select choices of their interest. And it is needed to help those who have personal or emotional or any other psychological problems. For psychology professional counselors in our Muslim world to be affective and make a difference in their noble career, they have to be aware of the following three areas: a-philosophy of counseling b-moral values in human life, and c- Code of ethics of psychology counseling Philosophy of counseling is based on the counselor s world views which make them unique from others in their actions and job performance. A human s world views are the basis for the principles that guide and lead counselors in their professional work. Counselors perform their work and build their relationships with their clients in a positive and professional manner based on their philosophy of 2

3 counseling. Being aware of Islamic moral values is related to the philosophy of counseling that is stating the theoretical point of views of the Muslim counselors as distinguished from other professional helpers. Each group of people has different moral values that are the basis for their concepts of the worldviews and the most important principle of their life. Being aware of the Islamic moral values is needed not only because the counselors are Muslims, it is needed also because the majority of the clients are Muslims. In fact, even if the counselors are not Muslims, the multicultural new trend is requiring that counselors must understand the culture of their clients and counsel them according to their cultures and their principles of moral values; moral values being the most important part of any culture. It is difficult to separate or neglect any one of these three components: Without philosophy of counseling which specifies the theoretical principles of the counselors work, we cannot specify the related moral values, as we cannot state our rules that we have to follow in our counseling. As such, the code of ethics in counseling or in any other profession is the most important part to be considered by professional counselors. Without a clear, comprehensive and specific code of ethics, clients will have little trust in the service and they might not seek help when they need it. This is more obvious in the Arab and Muslim world as people are more conservative and keener not to express their personal problems to people whom they do not know and cannot trust. Code of ethics must be in line with the philosophy of counseling and 3

4 supported by the moral values of the client in order to be accepted and affective. I- hope that the discussion of these three parts will lead to better awareness and understanding of the best process for Muslim psychological counselors in helping their clients understand themselves and fulfill their potentials as well as make the best choices of their life. If this paper managed to succeed in making our respected colleagues feel more confident of their professional career as Muslim psychology counselors with their own philosophy of counseling and the related moral values, then soon we will have our own code of ethics that is not in conflict with our way of life and the principles of our culture. In order to understand the main concepts of this paper, it is time to discuss the concept of philosophy of counseling and its functions in professional settings. The following examples show the different types of philosophy of counseling: general philosophy of counseling, secular philosophy of counseling and religious philosophy of counseling. II- General Philosophy of Counseling Philosophy of counseling or the philosophy of any other kind of profession is a system of beliefs that is meant to guide professional counselors or any other group of professionals to have a clear vision about the objectives of counseling, the type of relationships with the clients during the sessions and after the counseling time. Philosophy of counseling can be personal or shared by groups of 4

5 professional psychology counselors who are following the same system of principles and beliefs and values. It expresses clearly the worldview and beliefs of the persons or the groups of that philosophy. Based on the philosophy of counseling, the client can understand what kind of a professional helper he or she will work with to get the help that is needed. Philosophy is defined as system of beliefs, or values or a personal point of view.1 When combined with counseling, the meaning will be more specific. It will mean the system of beliefs and values that is followed and implemented in the counseling practiced. Each individual or groups of counselors have their own philosophy or system of beliefs and values which distinguish them from the other counselors. A philosophy of counseling explains the attitudes or beliefs, feelings, values and qualities of its holders and followers to act in certain ways in their professional counseling. It explains the views of human nature, definition of psychology counseling, goals of psychological counseling, the most important functions of a psychologycounselor, the role of a professional psychology counselor, the essential characteristics of an effective relationship between the client and the counselor and how important is this relationship as a factor for change. A philosophy of counseling explains the main values the counselor lives by and how these values might influence him or her as a helping 5

6 person. The philosophy explains the counselor s beliefs about religion, good life, freedom and responsibility, relationships between males and females, education, women s rights, counseling clients with different cultural backgrounds from the counselor, and counseling clients with different value systems from the counselor s value system. If the philosophy of counseling is a personal one, then it might explain the approach that the counselor prefers in his or her practice as the most appealing and affective in working with his/her clients. By explaining and making these areas clear, the psychology counselor can utilize his or her experiences effectively with a wide range of clients including clients whose cultural values are different from his or her own. The main differences between the three types of philosophy of counseling, the general, the secular and the religious can be related to the worldview of each one of them. The general philosophy is based on the culture of any particular counselor and the client and it has no specific stand against any principles. On the other hand, the secular philosophy of counseling is in conflict with all religions and their worldviews. It has specific principles that make man the center of life as a biological being, ignores the spiritual part of man, and refuses the existence of God as well as the concept of creation. And of course, the religion philosophy is based on religion and therefore is in conflict with the secular philosophy of life as well as counseling. 6

7 III. Secular Philosophy of Counseling Nowadays the term secular concept is very well discussed by the media as well as by many people who are concerned about the differences between the secular system and the religious one. According to Rosalind I. J. Hackett (2006): With the media s tendency to sensationalize (treat in a sensational way) and polarize (concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions) in many instances, it is not surprising that divisions between religious orientations, as well as between secularist and religious perspectives, are perceived as more arked now than in the past. 2 not The based term on secular religion is used or to revelation. emphasize Instead, that human it is based worldview on the in physical general and world. revealed Secular knowledge school philosophy in particular.according rejects religion to the in Council...the Secular for Secular Humanism Humanism Is Web a secular site... emphasizes a world view based upon naturalism: ethical philosophy the belief that the physical world or nature is all that exists or is real. As such, that emphasizes scientific inquiry and rejects revealed knowledge as it well as theistic morality. Secular Humanism is increasingly 2 studies Rosalind the I. University J. Hackett oftennessee is a distinguished in Knoxville. professor She in also the serves humanities as president and professor of the International of religious Association Number 3, p.21=24 for the History Religions. As published inhuman Rights, summer 2006, Volume 33, 7

8 influential in politics, ethics and morals, as well as education. 3 conflict Clearly with secular the counseling three main is religions: based on a Judaism, philosophy Christianity that is in and claiming Islam. that In they fact, are the atheists followers or of someone secular who philosophy denies the are existence Followers of of God atheists (without secular a belief humanism in a typically god or very describe skeptical themselves of the as possibility) uncertain of the or possibility). agnostics (without The laws knowledge that govern the of universe a god and mankind are the physical laws of the universe and are and not influenced demons, or by other nonmaterial spirits. The or supernatural concept of a beings god that such hears as gods, answers prayers is unproven and antiquated. Secular Humanists and do Testaments, not accept nor as other true allegedly the literal inspired interpretations books such of the as Old the or Koran. New God, missions ritual, of the and prophets creed are and all saints rejected. must The be divinity of Jesus, the rejected 4 based Secular solely counseling on materialistic is based observation. on the human There principles is no place that for are any to them, idea is outside part of of it. human experience and nature which,according 3The Council for Secular Humanism Web site 4The Council for Sec 8

9 humanism Secular people trusts believe human that intelligence there is no and life has after no trust death! in Secular guidance. divine Secular philosophies humanism and is often was identified founded upon as 'without humanistic religion'. and A atheistic humanistic worldview is based upon the beliefs outlined secular Humanist Manifesto l(1933), Humanist Manifesto ll. (1972), in and the The The Secular main Humanist beliefs of Declaration the Secular (1980). supernatural beliefs have nothing to Declaration do with morals. includes To that them the morals resources. are Secular derived philosophy from human does experience not belief not in from creation any other claims that the universe is regarded as self existing. Based on as this it point time. of view, human beings are part of nature and develop through after Secular death. philosophy This philosophy is based is on requesting the beliefs to transfer that there religion is no and life its this institutions philosophy, into the an short experience life is the of only human one activity. that they According are certain to about meaningless! it. The views of the existence of God, to them are Based on the 5 answers are offered secular to philosophy the questions of counseling...what about the view of kinds human of nature? own philosophy What is of the counseling counselor s and point the of definition view about of counseling? his or her What are the convenient or not convenient goals of counseling? became 5 Secular a significant humanism force is a in secular public philosophy education after based the upon original humanistic Humanist principles. Manifesto Secular I was Humanists in John Dewey, father of progressive education, is reputed to have been the author. published education often reflects secular humanistic worldview Public 9

10 how And as what a counselor are the most one defines important his functions or her roles? of a What counselor, are and essential characteristics of an effective relationship between the the between counselor the psychology and a client? counselor how and important the client is as the an relationship for change? instrument Answering counselor will questions be based like on these his or by her any philosophy psychology of professional The philosophy of counseling explains the main values counseling. counselor that he or she lives by, and how these values became of the part counselor of his in or his her or life her and work. how The these philosophy values might of counseling influence will the tell outside about of marriage, the counselor s abortion, beliefs marriage about versus religion, alternative good life life, style, sex freedom and responsibility, antisocial behavior, using drugs, Psychology professional counselors are aware of the different 6 answers philosophy that of can counseling. be offered The by different answers counselors can be extreme based on in their their have differences their own between different secular world counselors views or philosophy and seculars who non The views of the philosophy of counseling have of strong counseling. on the moral values as well as on the code of ethics effects psychology professional counselors as you will see later. of the counseling, With all these how principles can a Muslim as the counselor basis for apply the the secular secular psychology ethics blindly without modification? At the same time, how code can of 6 See Developing Your Philosophy of Counseling 10

11 these one expect principles a Muslim in the field client and to do trust not a feel counselor frustrated who or is think applying before seeing a psychology counselor? twice philosophy It is so natural will follow that all the the same thinking direction. which No is one derived will expect from this secular philosophy of counseling or the moral values or any the secular Muslim code counselors of ethics when to counseling be in linewith Muslim any clients, religion. find themselves As such, in force a dilemma. in public Which education Secular after Humanists the original became Humanist a significant I was published in John Dewey, father of progressive Manifesto education, often reflects is reputed secular to humanistic have been the worldview author. Public principles education should follow? And how a Muslim counselor can deal with they the conflict codes of ethics? between the Islamic moral values and the nonislamic principles deal with they the conflict should follow? between And the Islamic how a Muslim moral values counselor and can the nonislamic As a Muslim codes psychology of ethics? professional counselor, how can one of solve ethics the and conflict the principles between of the the nonislamic Islamic moral principles values? of the code IV. Religious Philosophy of Counseling philosophy Philosophy of of an counseling association can or a be group a personal of professionals. philosophy One or of a 11

12 values the definitions or a personal of personal philosophies is: a system of beliefs or viewpoint.7 professional It expresses counselor the principles or group that of an professional individual psychological psychological counselors philosophy adhere of counseling. to in their Some work. of them There are are secular several in types nature of and The others following are based example on religious represents principles. selected as it is widely used in the the Western religious countries model. It where was psychology in Eastern countries, counseling the was development developed of and counseling implemented. is still While early stages of development and most of the Arab and Muslim in its nations an effective are following cultural modification the Western schools to suit and of counseling meet the Arabic without Muslim way of life. and a. Christian Philosophy of Counseling and The values philosophy that of are Christian based on counseling the teachings is the system of Christianity of beliefs according Protestant or to other the church branch that of churches. is followed whether it is Catholic or According Counseling Service, to Emerge talking Ministries about the Canada: Christian A objective Christian counseling, of 7 The Free Dictionary 12

13 people The goal who of are counseling looking for is a not way to to give live in their to the lives demands without of God. hurting they may be seeking to find some way of having God involved in their Or, lives believe in such is not a to way use that God minimizes to help us, their but pain. to use The our purpose problems of problems to move I us This toward philosophy God. teachings in serving is the a religious clients who one have as it faith is based in Christianity. on religious is based on the Holy Scripture as the basis for the Christian It counseling. It is a counseling Its counseling based on the believes way of in life God according according to Christianity s to their way. faith and principles. The Christian s standard for all matters offaith and practice. The therefore Holy serve Scripture, as the Christian's being God's standard law and for testimony, all matters is true of faith and should and higher practice than (Isaiah the one 8:19 20; found in 2 Peter 1:3). There is no authority that is Scripture.8 which The Christian means that counseling it focuses is on a the Christ centered teachings of the Counseling, Christian religion. believers It have is a to salvation centered accept the Christ as counseling, Lord and savior in a sense of the that the 8 Life- Matters.ca,

14 Christian individuals counseling lives! is It looking is a Bible centered at man and his counseling. nature from The Bible s perspectives. This counseling attempts to solve human the problems from the Bible perspectives. counseling It is a Church centered is using the church counseling, as a main which instrument means that of this the counseling. of The Christianity Christian not philosophy on some of of counseling the secular is based principles on the mixed teachings some Christian concepts. It depends on the Bible and with perspectives about human beings. its Christian adding some counseling Christian does terms not to consist them. Rather of taking biblically secular sound concepts Christian and counseling vindicated at begins the cross. with It the assumes principles that man of God's is predisposed holiness that to sin was believing that his, and not God's way is the best. Good Christian by counseling assume that does the not Bible use the accurately Bible as a defines psychology man textbook. and diagnoses But it does his condition 9 are Christian the basis philosophy for the of Christian counseling code and the of Christian ethics. Although moral values Christian counseling is religious in its basis and its code of ethics, the this their does Muslim not mean clients. that There it can are be many used by differences Muslim counselors that cannot with be 9LifeMatters.ca,

15 client. accepted Muslim either counselors by the Muslim working counselor with Muslim or by clients the have Muslim choice but to consider and to be aware of their own moral values no as based Muslims. on their They culture cannot and moral ignore values. their roots and principles of life perspectives? How about I the am philosophy not going to of write counseling about it as from we do the not Islamic that very much material in this area. To my knowledge, most have the literature of psychology counseling as well as most of the of counselors In fact, most are of based the professionals on the Western are secular still arguing schools about of counseling. the Islamic thought in the psychology counseling. involving I values feel that as a it basis is sufficient for what at might this point be a to code talk of about ethics Islamic for Muslim moral counselors counselors to in have the a future. philosophy It is of very counseling; important a philosophy for Muslim will solve the dilemma of Muslim counselors in applying a code that ethics that is not based on the principles of the Muslim clients. of The philosophy Islamic of moral life and values the world are, point in fact, of view. based It on is based the Islamic Islamic faith and principles. on the different As there moral are different values. The philosophies next discussion of counseling, will be about there are Western moral values followed by the Islamic values. the 15

16 b. Moral Values I. Western moral values counselors The second work element and that on has their a relationship strong effect with on the their professional the principle of moral values. The counselors, like any clients other is people them in have their their conduct own and moral behavior. values So and what belief is a moral system value? that guides One of the definitions of this concept put it this way: the moral value is The moral principles and beliefs of a person or group 10 Or as defined by the dictionary.com. LLC, Moral values obligations are Guiding of right senses of the requirements and conduct. 11 particular. Moral values According mean the to rules Wikipedia, or the standards of good behavior in Moral values are things held to be right or wrong or desirable or undesirable 12 individual s One has to culture. remember Each culture that moral has its values own moral are values related in to the 10 The Free Dictionary 11 Dictionary.com. LLC Wikipedia 16

17 their general. connection It seems and that influence. culture and moral values are very strong in Value According Conflicts, to Michelle the culture Maiese has a (2003) strong in influence his topic on Moral the moral or values one notices of its that people. each culture Since the has moral its own values moral are values. part of each culture, In Because many systems cases, culture of meaning has a and powerful ways influence of thinking on the differ moral from order. culture to another, people from different cultures typically develop one different different ideas conceptions about morality of moral and authority, the best way truth, to live. and They the often nature have community.[13] For example, some cultures place great moral of emphasis individual on autonomy. the family, These while cultural others differences stress the become importance even more of problematic what is virtuous, when groups what have is right, radically and different how to expectations deal with moral about conflicts.[14] conflict. 13 Thus, culture wars are often driven by moral their The different differences moral between values cultures and the way in the of world life of can each be culture. seen In in the cultures time of of the globalization, world and their people different can know moral more values about and different of beliefs. The differences of cultures and moral values systems seen in the different principles and philosophy of life between can the be secular According philosophy to the and Secular non secular Humanist ones. by the Council for Democratic and Secular Declaration Humanism issued (now in 1980 Council of Secular Humanism). the 13 Michelle Maiese (2003) Moral or Value Conflict 17

18 emphasizes Secular Humanism a world view is based a secular upon naturalism: ethical philosophy the belief that the physical world or nature is all that exists or is real. As such, that it as emphasizes well as theistic scientific morality. inquiry Secular and rejects Humanism revealed is increasingly knowledge influential in politics, ethics and morals, as well as education 14 nature The main is all idea that of exists this or philosophy is real. Based is that on the this, physical it rejects world revealed or knowledge Belief in the as existence well as of theistic a god) morality (A morality that is based on The views. secular It s based philosophy on the has belief no that place seculars for any are religion atheists in its and world are governed by the physical laws of the universe. They claim they that they are not influenced by non materials. Followers atheists (without of secular a belief humanism in a god or typically very skeptical describe (doubtful) themselves of the as possibility) the possibility). or agnostics The laws (without that govern knowledge the universe of a god and and mankind uncertain are of the physical laws of the universe and are not influenced by spirits. non material The concept or supernatural of a god beings that hears such as and gods, answers demons, prayers or other unproven... Secular Humanists do not accept as true the literal is interpretations inspired books of such the as Old the or Koran. New Testaments, God, ritual, nor and other creed allegedly rejected. The divinity of Jesus, the missions of the prophets are and all saintsmust be rejected." the Secular Humanist Declaration issued in

19 based Secular on people revelations. have no According place for to any this religion philosophy, or knowledge personality has no more dimensions other than the physical aspect. human There the intellectual is no place or or the consideration social dimensions. for the spiritual, Humans, the according emotional, this philosophy are just like any other animal no more! to "The through totality the biological of the personality transactions can of be organisms scientifically in accounted a social and for cultural environment. Our influence on the future is comprised of the influences we have on our progeny and other members of our culture. 16 ". philosophy What kind of of life? moral The values following one will expects show from you how the they secular the moral values of life: see Secular the values Humanists, human beings being hold free are from rooted supernaturalism, in their human recognize experiences that and from in the their human culture. needs Ethics and are individualistic interests. The and major situational. goals of They secular stem humanism of life, creative are happiness, realization the good of human life, individual needs and and shared desires, enjoyment complete realization of the human potential and and the enrichment the Secular Humanist Declaration issued in

20 situational. Moral values They of stem the secular from human philosophy needs are and individualistic interests. The and secular needs and moral the values interest. are Moral based values on the have individual, no continuity the situation valid standard. What is considered good today might become or any evil tomorrow basis of the individual s situation, needs and an interest. today s world! Unfortunately, On the other these hand, moral there values are moral are predominant values that are in permanent interest; moral and not values based that on are the based individual s on the truth situation and or on needs what or right and what is wrong either for all mankind or for an is individual in particular. These are the Islamic moral values. II. Islamic Moral Values: There The core is of no Islam God but is the Allah statement and Muhammad of declaration is the Messenger of that truth Allah. of Muslim. This statement Part of summarizes its meanings, the as whole I see it, philosophy is to clean of one s life mind of a from is called all untrue in Arabic beliefs, or ideas which (i.e. means there to is clean no god); and this remove is what untrue information or thinking form one s mind. When the whole all mind place (but is clean Allah from and all Muhammad untrue ideas, is the the Messenger truth is to of be Allah placed in that and This His statement Messenger implies as a that fact and we accept act on what it in our comes life. from From Allah this 20

21 truth ethics a in Muslim the professional builds his work or her related moral to a values certain and career. then the code of Types I think, of based Human on Personality what I found in the out Qur an) in my work that the (The Muslim Major moral dimensions values of as human well as personalities. the code of ethics That includes should cover the spiritual, the five physical, these dimensions emotional, are the intellectual main elements and of social a human dimensions. self that need All to The be taken Islamic care moral of in a values balanced cover and practical all these way. daily life. When people miss to understand these five dimensions dimensions or in neglect facing problems some of that them, require the help. individual That help finds used himself to be or given herself parents, teachers or religious leaders. But with the development by of became societies a necessity and the in our way time. of life, professional psychology help scholar If a person was asked, is to define that one Islam word in would just a be one word, as one Muslim fact or reality and actuality. The Wikipedia, the the truth. free Truth encyclopedia means connects the word truth to the good faith, honesty, and sincerity. The meaning of the word truth extends from honesty, good faith, and sincerity in general, to agreement with fact or reality in particular. 18 he When or she one will reads find the out Quránic that all verses these with concepts a deep are understanding, explained beautifully. The Qurán is the truth in all its covered content and 18 Wikipedia 21

22 pure The sincerity true followers towards of God the Qurán the Lord are of honest the worlds people, and with the faith Creator of of in all everything their deeds that and is actions. seen or unseen by human eyes as well sincerity The of life Qurán for its is followers the Book and that guides makes them the comprehensive in their actions philosophy basis. on a daily (Surely good news this to Quran the believers guides who to that do good which that is most they shall upright have and a great gives reward. (17:9) beings The Qur an to the is best the way Book of that life and was protect revealed them to guide form human astray or become wrongdoers to others or to themselves. being Through and have more the Qur an, knowledge human about beings themselves can understand and the world. their destiny We their own will show selves, them until Our they Signs clearly in see all that the regions this is the of truth. the earth Does and it not in suffice that your Lord is watching over all things? (41:53).19 One the teachings has to remember of Islam that both all the Islamic theoretical moral and values the practical are based ones. on Al Shahadah or Testimony of Faith for Islam the whole is summarized Islamic system in the of testimony life. The of key faith, to Islam which and is the to the basis 19 Quran: The Eternal Truth Maulana Wahiduddin Khan 22

23 to right affirm path his in or this her belief life and by in declaring the life the to shahadah come is for or testimony the individual faith which is: " of MUHAMMAD IS THE I MESSENGER BEAR GOD OF BUTALLAH, ALLAH." ANDI BEAR WITNESS THAT theoretical This testimony system. or declaration It includes is the the main truth summary about Allah of the (swt) Islamic Angels, Books, Messengers, the Hereafter or life after death and his course the belief of events in al Qadar considered or Destiny, as something which beyond means human a predetermined power, or control.20 whole system The of statement Islamic life of testimony with the individual s or declaration world contains views the stated by the Qur an the Book of the truth. This Islamic as theoretical that is building system and is protecting followed individuals by the practical and societies system of moral life values. The practical Islamic system21 that is to be performed on a daily is basis starting form with a certain the Salat age or by prayer genders. The prayer action takes care of the Muslim s personality both in reciting all its the dimensions. Qur an, making The spiritual Dua s, dimension remembering is strengthened Allah (swt) and by seeking cleanness His of the help body and as well forgiveness. as the heart. Physically, The actions it requires of the prayer the are is a a compulsory kind of physical exercise exercise that takes that is care very of helpful the human to the body prayers. with It the other dimensions. Emotionally, it is strengthening the love of see In fact, Free Dictionary based on the even work the of shahadah heart and or the the intention testimony and of requires faith is no a practical physical one. actions But more because than it the is announcement work. Still the shahadah by the tongue is the is basis seems for all different other pillars from the of Islam other as principles it was mentioned that require earlier more 23

24 Allah good family the Creator and peace the Provider in this life of with life, mercy rezq, knowledge, and forgiveness health, the life to come. Moreover, when we pray in groups, we strengthen in our Intellectually, relationship with when our one Muslim prays, brothers he or she and has sisters. of the Qur an, which requires the reader to to read think some about verses meanings of the verses that he or she is reading. That thinking the part of the intellectual dimension in human personality. is builds Finally, and the takes prayer care is of one the of social the Islamic dimension practical in our instruments personality that Praying provide with one with groups real for friends five times who a can day help with one a pure another heart to will good things in a cooperation way in many other areas of life. do Prayer his or her is the God best and action to be that grateful brings to an Allah individual (swt) to for be all aware of His of blessings. It connects this life to the life to come by reading the great seventeen Surah, times the a day. mother of the Book, Al Fatihah more than Most All praise Merciful. is due You to alone Allah, we the worship; Lord of You the Worlds alone we Most ask Gracious, Guide us in the right path. The path of those whom You blessed; for not help. those who have deserved wrath, nor of the strayers. of philosophy Reciting these of life verses and many moral times values daily very makes clear and the Muslim Reciting these verses with good understanding is an effective strong. way and their that makes duties Muslims toward Allah very positive, (swt) as grateful, well as towards aware of others their God towards themselves. Allah says about the prayers in the Qur an: and 24

25 indecency and keep and up evil, prayer; and certainly surely prayer the remembrance keeps (one) of away Allah is from greatest, and Allah knows what you do. (29:45) the We importance are mentioning of the the moral prayer values just as in an example the work to illustrate of Muslim the psychology ignore the principles counselors. of It any is not culture practical when for working counselors with to client. For Muslim counselors as well as Muslim clients, the prayer a is individual the most to be important the best and in his effective or actions work in this that life. can It guide is to the an advantage of this in working of the professional with Muslim psychology clients individually counselors or in to groups. be aware The other pillars of Islam such as al Zakat (almsgiving) or objectives al Siyam (fasting), of taking or care al Hajj of the (pilgrimage), Muslim personality are serving through similar practical actions that are meant to purify and develop human the personality Although it to seems achieve that its each potentials pillar is emphasizing in all of its mainly dimensions. certain dimension, but in general, all of the pillars work on a together dimensions. to lead Due Muslims to the to limited be the space best of and human time, beings we would in all their elaborate further in this paper on these dimensions. It not sufficient to see how the prayer, as an example, is serving the is aspects how effective of human are the personality. pillars of Islam And based and the on teachings this, one of Islam can see helping psychology counselors in their noble work of helping in clients their moral to know values themselves and the noble and grow teachings in a of healthy Islam. way The based real help on and real respect comes from the truth, the Islamic truth. The 25

26 by relationship Dr Fawzia Qassim between in faith her thesis and completed good behavior in (2008) was which emphasized says: faith the and Qur an behavior, and Sunnah and there both is show a huge a substantial amount of link evidence between support this. According to these sources, good external behavior to is applies a result to behavior of goodness towards of the inner Creator, behavior which or is of as the manifested heart. This in the beings acts and of other worship as creatures. well as behavior towards human 22 establishing There is strong and strengthening evidence of the the moral importance values that of guide faith and in lead wrong humans doings that to conduct one has their to avoid actions in his right or her and actions to be aware of the Some Examples of Islamic Moral Values: Islam These is human emphasizing rights are that ensured there are and basic guaranteed human by rights Allah to all (swt) mankind. Creator not by any human authority. Among these human rights the 1) The Right to Life in Islam is the most important and the basis are: all other rights. If one losses his or her life, then there is no meaning for for Anyone other human who murders rights! any The person Qur an who says: horrendous crimes, it shall be as if he had murdered not committed all the murder people... or 95:32) through "Do the due not process kill a of soul law." which (6:151) Allah has made sacred except 22 Al-Amar, Fawzia Qassim. (2008) 26

27 2) "And The whoever second human saves a right life it is is the as right though to he safety had of saved life. mankind." (5:32) the lives of all 3) women. The third The human concept right of in chastity Islam is of the women respect indicates for the chastity the moral of standard religion of of not Muslim having women any sexual in having contact herself outside pure of and marriage loyal to The her Qur an says: "Do not approach (the bounds) of adultery" (17:32). 4) of The life. fourth It is the human responsibility right in Islam of the is Muslim the right Ummah to a basic as lead standard authorities to take care of all the people who are living under its by rules its regardless "And in their of their wealth religion there or is race acknowledged or color or gender. destitute." (51:12). right for the needy and compulsory This is beside and the obligatory fifth pillar duty of Islam on every (al-zakah) wealthy which Muslim. is a Unfortunately, this right is neglected in many Muslim countries. freedom. 5) The fifth human right in Islam is the individual rights to Individual person or institution rights state has formally rightful the claim incontrovertible over the person fact or that property no other another. Justice (also known as equity) is nothing more or less than of the life legal and her recognition own property. of each The and Oxford every English individual's Dictionary right to defines her own term "rights," in part, as "A justifiable claim, on legal or moral the grounds, to have or obtain something, or to act in a certain way." 27

28 Rights and foremost are a formal the absence codification of compulsion. of human freedom.freedom The primary thing is first distinguishes the free person from the unfree person is voluntary that The action worst versus kind action of injustice that is compelled 23 to another human being. Islam against the an religion individual of is freedom, to become since a slave beginning of its dawn, made the rules to free slaves after considering the the The action Prophet, of enslaving the one who people freed as man the from worst all action kind a of person slavery can (pbuh) take. said: "There a plaintiff are (a three person categories who brings of people an action against in whom a court I shall of law) myself on the be Day free of man, Judgment; then sells Of these him three and eats categories, this money" is the one (Bukhari who enslaves and Ibn a Maja). 6) concept The of right Justice to include justice the is the upholding sixth human of what rights is just, in fair Islam. treatment The and and principles. due reward In in the accordance Qur an Allah with says: honor, and right standards or law Surely others) and Allah the enjoins giving the to the doing kindred, of justice and and He forbids the doing indecency of good and (to evil (16:90) and rebellion; He admonishes you that you may be mindful. Justice and like. is Islamic not only justice required is for with all friends human and beings. people In fact, whom it is you required know even with animals and with the environment, The Qur an says 23 The thinking man.com

29 once Do prevented not be provoked you from into going aggression to the Sacred by your Masjid. hatred (5:3) of people who O God, you when who you believe, serve you as shall witnesses. be absolutely Do not equitable, be provoked and by observe conflicts with some people into committing injustice. You shall your equitable, for it is righteous. You shall observe God... surely God be Aware of what you do (5: is "You and) fair who play" believe (4:135). stand steadfast before Allah as witness for (truth Islamic regardless justice of their in religion a Muslim or race community or color. is meant for all mankind 7) beings. The All seventh human human beings, right in fact, in Islam are brothers is the and equality sisters; of they human of being children of one family. The Qur an says: share "O you mankind, up as nations we have and tribes created so you that from you may a male be and able female to recognize and we each set other. Indeed, heedful of you" the (49:13). noblest among you before Allah are the most operate 8) The eighth and not right to cooperate. of human rights Cooperation in Islam is advisable is the right when to it co- for helping one another in doing what is good for all. is "Co-operate co-operate with with one one another another for for the virtue purpose and of heedfulness vice and aggression" and do not (5:2) Among in every the action most they important do or take. moral It is values the core of Muslims character is in the the sincerity self as well as worship and general behavior. The truthfulness faith with it 29

30 Hadith: Allah (swt) is the second character of a Muslim. It is mentioned in the Truthfulness Paradise. And leads a man to keeps righteousness, on telling the and truth righteousness until he becomes leads to truthful person... [Agreed upon] A Muslim must have trust in Allah a (tawakkul). and in Allah The let Qur an the believers says: Hawwa (no date) put their trust. (9:51) According to Trust circumstance in Allah is consists the constituent of knowledge, ) of circumstances, true reliance and action. of Allah, The knowledge Love for Allah is its (swt) origin, is the and corner action stone is its of fruit. 24 Say: If you love Allah, then follow me, faith. Allah The will Qur an love says: forgive you your faults, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (3:31) you and Surely, Gracious will those shower who them believe with and love lead a righteous life, the Most. (19:96 Love family of members, Allah (swt) children, and His brothers Messenger and is sisters the basis of faith, for loving brothers parents, sisters in humanity, animals, environment and loving all the creations and of Psychology Allah (swt). moral values professional as well as Muslim their client s counselors moral must values be in aware order of to their successful in their professional work. It is not possible to mention all be kinds paper. of Islamic values that can be helpful for counselors in this 24 Hawwa, Sa eed. Selected Writings on Purifying the Soul. Cairo: Dar Al-Salam p

31 share I am sure with that me all how Muslim important counselors they are are for aware both of counselors these values and and clients. Before moving to discuss the code of ethics, it is important for mention the point of discussing moral values between the counselor to and values clients. with his Is it or acceptable her client and from to the tell counselor about his or to her discuss own moral values? Although there are different point views about this, I prefer moral the Counseling view mentioned and Psychotherapy, by C. Patterson which says: (1989) in his work: Values in The this does counselor not mean should that not the therapist impose his should or her refuse values to discuss on clients, values, but ethics, times, or express philosophy. his or Nor her does values. it mean The that therapist the therapist may do may so not, at at request of the client. In addition, there may be times when the the therapist of these thinks values, it or is time necessary in which or desirable the client for should the client know to be how aware therapist stands on certain ethical the No counselor has the right to impose issues. 25 know from the Qur an, that faith, his which or her is values the most on clients. important We decision individual. in Then any how individual s can counselors, life, who cannot are supposed be imposed to be on helpers, any behave honest and as genuine dictators counselors. by imposing To their protect values. clients It from is against some actions being like. this, the code of ethics was established. 25 C.H.Paterson.( 1989) 31

32 c. Talking Code of about Ethics: judgment and the the standards code of of ethics behavior means or conduct discussing in a professional the moral setting associations or association. to fit the mission Code of and ethics objectives was defined of each by one. different defined by Dictionary of Business Terms as: It was Code of those of who ethics subscribe is a Statement to the code. of principles A code of concerning ethics defines the proper behavior professional person in that behavior and practices that are considered unbecoming a The Dictionary profession 26 the techniques of of the Banking conduct Terms instead is emphasizing of the principles in its which definition was the on focus Business of the Terms first means definition. the Code of ethics according to Dictionary of If one looks Rules at the and Real procedures States dictionary of professional definition, conduct 27 similar to the first one concentrating on the principles one of will the behavior find it of statement the people of principles applying the explaining code of the ethics. conduct Here of the the code people of ethics who are is a using The that code code. behavior of ethics of those is a statement who subscribe of principles, to the concerning the code Dictionary of Business Terms 27 Dictionary of Banking Terms 28 Dictionary of Real Estate Terms 32

33 behavior) The previous following definitions the rules are and emphasizing behaving according the (proper to the professional of the professional conduct. According to the Code of Ethics principles Legal Definition, the code of ethics: Law & Is decision a set making of principles and behavior? of conduct The within purpose an of organization the code is that to provide guides members ethical choices and other in the interested conduct of persons their work. with Professional guidelines for integrity making the cornerstone of many employees' credibility. Member of an is organization behavior and adopts adopt this a code code of to ethics declare to share the organization s a dedication principles to ethical and Some standards of the questions of practice. counselors are: that might face Muslim psycholog professional 1) Islamic How moral to follow values? the code of ethics without conflicting with the 2) principle? How to help our clients without going against their moral values Psychological understand that counselors the basics of in the general Western and code Muslims of ethics in are particular from the foundations of the Muslim moral values. Regardless different many similarities between the two ethics, there are differences that of the counselor can ignore when dealing with certain human problems. no This ethics paper in psychological will discuss counseling the basic principles as well as of the the basic Western principles code of Islamic moral values... of The reputable American professional Counseling association Association in the field is the of most counseling. active It and appropriate to take it as an example in discussing the main elements is of professional ethics. Due to the fact that codes of ethics are 33

34 established certain society, from it the is normal culture to and see philosophy clear differences of its members among many in a codes among related each group to their of people principles there of are being differences. secular Not or religious. all seculars Even sharing the same principles and likewise the religious groups. are In of any belief, code rules of ethics, that did the not elements allow certain of the code actions include and the require statement actions, rationale and illustrations as well as guidelines other decision making at time of ethical for The mission of the ACA is to improve problems.29 degree of well being that is felt by individuals the life or satisfaction a community or in the society. The following is the mission as stated by the association in a 2005: The the quality mission of of life the American in society Counseling by promoting Association the development is to enhance professional counselors, advancing the counseling profession, and of using human the dignity profession and diversity and practice of counseling to promote respect for There codes of are ethics two key regardless words in or this their mission differences that are these mentioned words are: by human all the Wikipedia dignity and refers diversity. to being The worthy meaning of of honor human and dignity respect. as published on Human in human dignity beings. refers The term to a state dignity of is righteousness, defined as "the integrity, state of or virtue worthy of honor or respect being 29 Tell see Us Codes A Study of Produced Ethics and by Conduct the World in Bank Revenue Tax Administrations: Policy and Tax Administration What does International Thematic Group Practice 34

35 A by Muslim the Creator knows when from he the or she Qura n reads that the human verse that beings says: were honored We rides have on land honored and in the the children sea. We of provided Adam, for and them provided good provisions, them with and (17:70) we gave them greater advantages than many of our creatures This behavior. is an It honor is an to honor all human that cannot beings be regardless denied of by their anyone faith who or understands The second and word uses that his is or very her mind important with a in conscience this paper heart. Which means as was defined by ASUO multicultural is Advocate s diversity. Home political Page orientation. to include Most all of races, the genders, ideas included ages, religious in this wide beliefs concept and are upon. acceptable For instance, by the the majority sexual orientation of people which but some means: are the not direction agreed of both one s sexes sexual is not acceptable interest toward by all members religions. of the same, opposite, or In has fact, to deal this with is one in his of or the her areas professional of conflicts work. that a Muslim counselor The means concept understanding of diversity that each encompasses individual acceptance is unique, and and recognizing respect. It our ethnicity, individual gender, differences. sexual These orientation, can be socio economic along the dimensions status, of race, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other age, ideologies. and nurturing It is environment. the exploration It is of about these understanding differences in a each safe, other positive, moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating and rich dimensions of diversity contained within each the individual ASUO-Multicultural Advocate's Home Page 35

36 This O mankind, definition indeed reminds We us have of the created Qur anic you verse from which male and says: made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. 31 female and Based have been on this made verse, tribes human and nations beings were in order created to know from one one self another. and Knowing respect, and one cooperation. another is the The cornerstone fact of having that leads different to understanding, different cultures, languages even moral values is a strong nations reminder with all humans emphasizing that diversity is part of human life. to The nature ACA of the Code ethical of Ethics is based on five basic purposes covering the for responsibility, processing of the ethical principles complaints that define against ethical counselors behavior who and are the basis members following of basic the sections: association The ACA code of ethics is made of the The Communication, Counseling and Relationship, Privacy, Professional Confidentiality, Responsibility, Privileged Evaluation, and Teaching, Assessment, Research and and Publication Interoperation, and Resolving Supervision, Ethical Training These sections are the practical actions or the implementation Issues. following five principles of the code of ethics that works as general of the guidelines The principles to the of eight the code sections. to the many Islamic principles of ethics mentioned are very similar in the in Qur an their meanings Hadith. Yet these similarities do not make these principles Islamic. and the 31 The Qur an (49:13) 36

37 This are different. is because the basic roots and the ultimate goals of the conduct The Allah Islamic (swt) as principles the Only are God. based As on a result the Islamic of that, faith the behavior in believing of the in individuals by the relationship based on between them is the an Creator action of and worship His servants. which is However, required the philosophy ACA which principles has no of faith ethics in anything are rules outside based of on the materialistic the secular world. I. The Principles Ethical Principles of the code of Psychologists of ethics: similar to the principles of moral values. and They Code are of meant Conduct to guide are very and profession. inspire psychologists The principles toward were summarized the very highest in the ethical following ideals five of the principles: A. B. Fidelity Beneficence and Responsibility and Non-malfeasance C. D. Integrity E. Respect Justice for People's Rights and Dignity do A. good Beneficence and the and duty non-malfeasance to do no harm. This or principle the ethical is meant responsibility to benefit to the psychology clients counselor by taking to care safeguard of them. the rights This of is their the duty of every Clients B. that The the second counselors principle have which to build is fidelity a relationship and responsibility with their clients means 37

38 practice based on of trust observing and Faithfulness or complying to obligations, with a law, duties, and custom. the act or psychology counselor must be aware of his or her professional A responsibility toward clients as well as society. psychology C. The third professional principle is counselor integrity is or honest, honesty truthful. which This means means that that the he doing or any she kind is a of person misconduct. who is very far from cheating or stealing or D. professional The fourth counselor principle is expected is justice to treat or his fairness. or her clients The psychology with full appreciation. That will cover all the process and fairly, services and conducted by the professional counselor. or E. The her fifth state principle of being is equal about and the respect worthy of or the honor client s and rights respect. and The his well client as as confidentiality. an individual has His the or her rights conversation to privacy must self determination be protected and as never meaning disclosed to the job without of the psychology his or her permission. counseling professional There would if the be no client understanding was not and respected appreciation. and This treated is also with required all the by required educators who deal with students. In fact, this respect is the basis all the any relationship, professional or non professional. There will be for real healthy relationship between family members, workers, no professional groups without a very high standard of respect and or appreciation. 38

39 II. Muslim Counselors and Ethical Dilemmas - Three Examples: When facing a professional problem of deciding psychology on counselor one of two finds choices, himself this or is her what self meant by an ethical dilemma in this paper. As a professional is psychology Muslim has counselor an obligation has to an the obligation Islamic to moral the code values of and ethics ethics. and This as a situation values that can is be different faced with by any all professional or with some counselor principles who of the has code moral ethics principles and rules. of In counselor the following might three have to examples, face an ethical a Muslim dilemma. professional psychology Confidentiality 3. Dual Working relationships with Homosexuals or ( conflict and of Lesbians. interest) and 1) Among Confidentiality: psychology ( ): important one to be understood counseling and topics explained confidentiality in details is between the most counselor and clients. Both the counselor and client have to be aware the of necessary the concept trust and and confidence. the role of confidentiality in order to build the The concerned concept with of confidentiality having the discussion as defined between by Scott the Sinay counselor (2002) and is client Confidentiality safe and not is to defined be disclosed as the protection to anyone. goes on in a counseling session between of the all counselor the information and client that (Hackney, records, verbal 2000). communication This information between can the be counselor, in the form and of a client client themselves. This is also a salutary promise to the client by the 39

40 confidentiality counselor. A counselor such as privileged also has communication. to be aware of other definitions of This definition of confidentiality is covering all 32 between the counselor and the client regardless if it the was information recorded. In order to make the definition very clear, the confidential verbal or communication means any information or the privileged or statements communication given by a was client included. to his or That counselor cannot be disclosed without the consent of the clients her himself conversation or herself.for between a him client or to her be qualified and the counselor for privileged must status, be in the confidential place. If the information was given to a third person, the a privilege Confidentiality is lost is from the the most client. plays the main role in protecting important clients. part The of the information code of ethics given and professional counselor or any other professional person such as to the lawyers, 'Lectric Law doctors, Library's etc, is Lexicon a privilege On: held by the client as stated by The These patient (but privileges not the are doctor held or by psychotherapist), the client (but the not speaking the lawyer) (but not the the lawyer, spoken-to) doctor, spouse psychotherapist and both the and clergyperson spoken to and spouse, the penitent. however, The The cannot client, reveal patient, the communication speaking spouse, without clergy the person other and person's penitent consent. waive the privilege (that is, testify about the conversation) and may may prevent the other person from disclosing the information. also A who professional has the right counselor for his must or her remember information that the to be client protected is the and one cannot be disclosed unless the permission was given by him or her. 32 Scott Sinay (2002) confidentiality 40

41 As you a do Muslim knowing counselor, the Islamic if you principle were to in deal a similar with this situation. case what This will example of one ethical dilemma that you might have to deal with is it. an In with this a very example complicated of confidentiality and sensitive dilemma, issue. a It counselor reminds counselors has to deal the importance of making clients aware of the ethical limitations and of the this concept done at of the confidentiality early stage can in help the in counseling dealing with relationship. a dilemma Having this. like The clients nature with of clear this situation information highlights regarding the importance ethical boundaries of providing confidentiality early in the counseling relationship so as to minimize and Confidentiality difficulties and misunderstandings 33 information, dignity in counseling and rights. is a But basic how principle about when to protect the client the client s on his or her statement is going to hurt him or herself? based Or What when should the client a psychology is stating counselor that he or do she if will a court hurt of someone law requests else? records of the client? What will you do if the client based on what the or she said to you is in danger? he was I still counseling remember, some when students my supervisor in another was counseling room, and a we client, heard and an I ambulance counselor made coming the call to for take an ambulance that student because client she to learned hospital. that The girl was planning to kill herself that night (suicide). the This taken was without an action disclosing by a the professional confidentiality psychology of the client. counselor. The goal It was 33 Counseling Dilemma ebook Australian Institute of Professional Counseling. 41

42 could was to not save deal the life with of her a client emotional who is problem. planning to When finish a her person life as feels she lonely so strong in his to face or her the handling challenge of or certain the dilemma, problems, then if that an urgent person help is not needed to support that person and save his or her life. is 2) The Dual concept relationships of the term or dual (conflict relationship of interest) any other professional individual plays two means roles that one the of counselor them is or professional one and the other one is social. According to Charles L. a Arnold a dual and relationship Pamela Johnston exists (2006): relationship, there is some other when, relationship in addition with to the the professional friend, family member, student or business individual: Sometimes dual relationships or conflict of partner. 34 violations or boundary crossing. The first interest one is unethical is called boundary harmful to the professional relationship between the psychology and very counselor professional and helper the client. takes This advantages kind of of relation his or her takes client. place Or when as was the explained Harmful by boundary Ofer Zur violations (2008): patients are engaged in exploitative occur (unethically) typically when dual therapists relationships, and such Dual as relationship sexual contacts in a Muslim with current society clients. where 35 and strong in their care about one another is people a sensitive are very issue. sociable can a Muslim professional psychology counselor make al How between his or her professional duty and the other duties of being line member of a Muslim society is the real issue? a 34 Charles L. Arnold & Pamela Johnston (2006) Ethical Issues Involving Dual Relationships for Fiduciaries. 35 Ofer Zur (2008): 42

43 that In this a Muslim paper, I counselor am just mentioning have to be aware this as of one during of the his three or her examples order to avoid any mix between the tow roles of being a professional work in counselor and a member of a Muslim society. 3) In Working fact, in the with Arabic Homosexuals and Islamic and culture Lesbians even to talk about such behavior. It is an one acceptable find it so embarrassing Arabic and Muslim society as far as I know. But this does action not by mean an that when a Muslim I was discussing society is my free proposal from this for behavior. my study I remember at the UKM in 1991 Malaysia, that one of my colleagues was making her Master proposal in about completed, homosexuality I asked her: among how UKM can you students. collect After the data? the discussion And who wad tell you about his sexual orientation and behavior? The student told will me: changing it is not many that difficult. concepts. It Even seems the that concept the culture of of homosexuality globalization is treated defiantly since 1973 as use to be considered a mental disorder. is Now with an in official 2009, the rights people.and if who you behave as a Muslim in this counselor way became were a to group in a country where this behavior is legal, you cannot refuse to work with them without even telling your moral values about that. If work do not accept them and accept their rights, you will lose your license you as encyclopedia a professional of Psychology psychology in its discussion counselor!! of this According term, to the attraction For most to of people history, of open one's discussions own gender about have homosexuality sexual women with a homosexual orientation are referred been to taboo. as gay, Men while and the term lesbian refers to women only. Homosexuality was classified 43

44 as Association a mental removed disorder until "homosexuality" 1973, when from the American the Diagnostic Psychiatric Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Two decades later, bias and and discrimination orientation is discussed against more gays and lesbians still exists, but sexual This is the view of the west openly. 36 group. From the Islamic perspective, about the we homosexuality know that this and behavior lesbian forbidden and haram. All Muslim with a minimum education know is verses that and of understand the Qur an it. and So the I do Hadiths not think as well that as I the need views to mention about it the there is no need and I have no more space for it. as What psychology is important counselor about can work this part with of clients the who paper are is involved how a Muslim an action? The Islamic moral values are against it as a sin, an in ethical such that and against the religion the fitralh is sincere or nature. advice. We A know real from advice our is Islamic the one teachings tells the client the truth not to agree with him as long as he is that happy that with that his his behavior behavior. or If her your behavior client is in behaving not right wrongly according and to you your know your client moral values, then what you should do? and According in prevention to and Basheer treatment Ahmed of emotional in his topic: disorder, Islamic values and ethics Psychotherapy patient to recognize is in his reality behavior, a form to conform of education to prevailing which directs standards the and behavior. to help Muslim in improving psychiatrists the patient and psychotherapists to adapt the alternate ways of 36 Encyclopedia of Psychology 44

45 must incorporate have Islamic familiarity values, with ethics Islamic and religion code of behavior and culture in techniques and must of have psychotherapy. lost the ability Many to lead patients responsible suffering lives. from For emotional them therapeutic disorders guidance understanding in is an necessary. environment The goal of of care, therapy respect, need not dignity be happiness and but trustful acceptance relationship of reality with and therapist, strengthening a clarification the coping of mechanisms. problem and A conflict, should not influences be avoided the and positive problems outcome. should be Moral clarified and so ethical that patient issues If can psychology judge for himself professional the quality counseling of his behavior is a form and of his education ideals 37 directs the client to recognize his behavior and a counselor which incorporate Islamic values, ethics, and code of behavior in techniques must as counselor it was to mentioned do this is in to the be role article, model then in the his best or her way relationship for a Muslim clients as well as in setting counseling goals. The process with counseling can be an example for the values of the counselor. It of appropriate to borrow what C. Rogers said in the relationship between is counselors The psychology and clients professional in order counseling to make the Must counseling have three effective. special qualities: very a) b) Congruence, Empathy, which which means means the genuineness, ability to feel honesty what the with client the feels, client. c) Respect, which means acceptance, unconditional positive regard and towards the client Basheer C. George Ahmed Boeree..Islamic 2006 values and ethics in prevention and treatment of emotional disorder. 45

46 In qualities fact, a more Muslim meaningful psychology by professional living his or counselor her Islamic can moral make values these which humanity are as based brothers on and the real sisters. sincerity and honesty and love for the There How can are two you cases as a psychology at the end of professional this paper under Muslim appendix counselor 2 and deal 3. with The first these case three is cases an example if you were to the to be confidentiality their counselor? counselor meets clients like this case. I am mentioning dilemma these when as an a example with. It is to a the challenge ethics dilemmas to all of that us when a Muslim facing counselor clients with has to similar deal problems. honesty with How our to clients be a real to know helper themselves requires skills, and to truthfulness, be real human and with a high standard of moral values. Conclusion: Due Islamic to the world, social the and service economical of psychology development professional in the Arab counseling and the becomes institutions, an families urgent necessity and society to meet in general. the needs In order of our to educational psychology counseling an affective in meeting the needs make of our the countries, psychology it counseling is important as well to as reconsider its moral the values philosophy and the code of our ethics. It is not fare as well as not practical, for our psychology of counselors values and to code implement of ethics the that principles was developed and rules of and philosophy, implemented moral different cultures and world point of views, which are in great conflict in with The Muslim psychology cultures professional and principles considers the code of ethics the counseling cornerstone as of a its helping function. service, At the 46

47 same the philosophy time, the code of the of members ethics of any of that service profession or profession which is states based the on foundation the practical and conduct principles of of its that members. philosophy Both to serve the as philosophy a guideline of to counseling sources of any and code the moral of ethics. value of the society members are the main I code hope of that ethics this based conference on an will Islamic lead philosophy to the establishment of counseling of an Islamic as on our moral values. This is not an option; it is an urgent need as well solve the problem of Muslim counselors in relying on Non-Islamic to code psychology of ethics. professional By establishing Muslim counselor an Islamic will have code no of dilemma ethics, in a his dual or relationship her work in and dealing counseling with certain specific issues groups. such as confidentiality, References: 1. International. The Qur an. English Meaning. (2004) Jeddah: Haheeh 2. Muslim Al-Amar, Personality. Fawzia P.57 Qassim. (2008). intellectual Characteristics of 3. Crisis. Carter, New Jimmy. York, NY: (2005) Simon Our &Schuster. Endangered Values: America s Moral 4. Counseling Eugene and W. Psychotherapy: Kelly, Jr. (1998). Diversity Spirituality in Theory and and Religion Practice. in ACA: 5. Dan Published Carpenter, in Volume M.A. Ethical 1.issues Considerations 13, 14. Religious Clients. in Working with 6. Things. C. Matthew McMahon. (2008) A Christian View of Men and 47

48 7. Cultural Savita Values Abrahams and and the Carmen Role of Salazar. Confidentiality Potential When Conflict Counseling between South 8. Hawwa, Asian Saeed. Clients: Selected Implications Writings for Ethical on Purifying Practice. Al Salam. the Soul. Cairo: Dar Al-Aqqad, Ahmed, Abbas. Basheer. Al-Insan Islamic fi Values al-qur an. Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Crescent and Ethics Life.com. in Prevention and 11. Ramadhan Abu al-'a'la 1407 Mawdudi al Tawhid Journal, vol. IV No. 3 Rajab- 12. Counseling. Counseling Dilemma e Book. Australian Institute of Professional 13. Involving Charles Dual L. Relationships Arnold & Pamela for Fiduciaries. Johnston (2006). Ethical Issues C. Wikipedia George Boeree. references (2006) Carl Rogers.. 48

49 Appendix Case You have 1: A been Complex counseling Family a Situation couple came to you because married of problems couple they for were several having weeks. in their The relationship. which time you During learnt the that process the husband you have is seen only staying the pair with separately his wife at because you that of her their husband two children. is not The the biological wife meanwhile father has of confided one of the to children. deal with If this you couple? were confronted with this dilemma how would you There wife has are confided several issues that she for is consideration hiding the true in this paternity scenario. of Firstly, one of the children from her husband and secondly, the husband has disclosed the As that a he counselor is only staying I am bound in the by relationship confidentiality, for the however, sake of I the would children. it somewhat compromising to counsel the husband and wife, either find separately was being or withheld. together, Regardless for any length of the of ethical time whilst obligations this information counselor to maintain confidentiality, should the husband I have become as a aware betrayed of by the me true as I have paternity withheld of one this information of the children, from him. he may feel Although on being informed, this would it only may be directly one of affect the consequences the counseling for the relationship husband thus talk with further the complicating wife individually, his own emphasizing situation. My her approach responsibility would for be the to information encourage her she to holds explore and the how pros she and wishes cons of to either: deal with it. I would Informing Withholding her husband the true of paternity the true of paternity one of of the one children of the children. husband either from her 49

50 temporarily I would also or see permanently. the relational issues the he husband has and individually examine the in order alternative to work courses through action available to him. I would then assess how the sessions to date of may could have continue affected to the current work with situation the and couple make a objectively decision whether whilst I withholding highlights the critical importance information. of providing The clients nature with of clear this information situation regarding counseling ethical relationship boundaries so as and to confidentiality minimize difficulties early in and the misunderstandings. Ethical of what decisions is acceptable inherently human involve behavior. issues However, concerning the our definition definition what constitutes acceptable is neither universal nor static, but is ever of changing and nationality. and evolving in a melting pot of diversity, culture, gender Without influenced doubt, by our our environmental sense of what and social is right context or wrong and our has inherited been traits There the are unique two combination major theoretical of our perspectives individual identity. Teleology and Deontology. The main teleological we might consider Utilitarianism, judges actions as good or bad, right or wrong, theory, basis of the consequences they produce. Deontology, on the on other the hand, obligatory is concerned regardless with of their duty consequences. and the fact Ethics, that unlike some legislation acts are that of damage requires or an prescribing act to have a occurred, course of is concerned action. Fortunately, with the prevention signposts in the minefield of ethical dilemmas, one there of these are signposts Professional Codes of Ethics serves to guide us through 50

51 decisions fairness and in justice our professional. lives involving issues of honesty, Background In the the counselor scenario (C) above, are presented all three people, with an wife ethical (W), dilemma. husband (H), and In utilitarian his decision ethical to stance stay for on this the issue, sake that of the is, H children is making H his has decision taken a to of stay the based children. on his In desire aligning for a himself particular this outcome way, i.e. H is for using the sake relationship with his wife as a means to get his desired end. His goals the for fulfilling the relationship his parental have responsibilities changed from until being his in sons a marriage are able with to W look to after which themselves. he can fulfill W s his contribution parental obligations. to child raising H s ethical is the utility dilemma upon whether it is fair and just to stay in the relationship with W without is about revealing their to her relationship. what his new W too, goals has are been and how setting he honestly future goals feels alongside with her partner. H in joint Her counseling reluctance to sessions tell H to that improve he is not her the relationship father of one of the children may also be based on a utilitarian biological stance ethical follow perhaps fear of the emotional trauma that would most likely marriage, disclosure, is holding and W back the from possibility disclosure. of H deciding to end their Like environment H, W for is herself using her and husband her children. to maintain Alternatively, a secure if both family W decided to adopt a deontological ethical stance in this dilemma, H & both other would irrespective feel duty of the bound effects on to their disclose relationship. their information to each 51

52 indicates The fact that that H as and counseling W have decided sessions to have disclose progressed their information it has become to C increasingly other. Thus, difficult the ethical for them dilemma to withhold presented this to information W and H from is about each whether consequences, to be or totally to continue honest their with deception each other irrespective and face of the the potential relationship. negative And what effect of C s this ethical may considerations have on the in future this case? of their C s to self dilemma and to is W primarily & H. In concerned accordance with with professional the ACA Code accountability counselors must at all times: Establish the helping relationship of Ethics order to maintain the integrity and empowerment of the client without in offering thelimits advice. of duty of Offer care. a Thus, promise it is of neither confidentiality C s role to and advise explain clients to reveal this information to each other nor to breach the confidentiality The primary role and of disclose a counselor to either is client. issues by encouraging clients to determine to facilitate their own the exploration outcomes. To of unduly their revelations influence to or each direct other either would H or be W a misuse into prematurely of C s position, making imposition of C s values onto the clients and a breach of the an Professional On the other Code hand, of Ethics. highlight some discrepancies C can use in feedback W & H and thoughts, influencing actions skills and to feelings. their relationship For example, through with counseling, regard to C their can explore stated desire individually to improve H & W, the potential impact of non disclosure on the future stability with of (andpowerful) the relationship. position of Certainly, being the C only is one now in this in triangle the unenviable (H, W & C) 52

53 significantly who is privy affect to the information course of this from couple s both relationship. partners that Having could acknowledged continuing to counsel this, C this needs couple to either evaluate on an the individual effectiveness or joint of basis. issues For and example, set joint how goals will for C the encourage future knowing this couple that to H explore committed to the relationship? And that W is withholding information is not from Who H came that he to may counseling deem crucial first? to Was his it ongoing H or W, commitment? together? If W came first, then should she be retained or did as a they client come decides against counseling the couple together? In all aspects if of C working implications with that people, may result it is imperative from a particular that C course is aware of action, of any in legal instance the rights of the child to know his biological parents. Apart this from future the medical more obvious requirements emotional may require and psychological immediate needs, knowledge the child s blood and tissue types. of his Does who, while C s duty not of in care immediate extend danger, to protecting may become the rights so of in this a medical child, emergency? individual basis The very and fact that that each W has & H voluntarily have requested made to a see significant C on an more disclosure commitment directly to relevant and potential to their for, relationship, the relationship must surely that might indicate first have been apparent. Does this new information, handled in at sensitive, responsible and constructive manner, have the potential to a resurrect consider this whether relationship to continue rather than counseling bury it? the C would couple need under to supervision, relationship counselor. or refer Liz either Jeffrey, (or BSSc. both) to a more experienced 53

54 Case Homosexuality 2: The gay is Muslim illegal in marriage Tanzania, in as Tanzania! continent, bar the republic of South Africa indeed where it is on gay most rights of the enshrined in the constitution. This, however, was no bar to two gay are Tanzanian exchanged Muslims, rings and were Mohammed married Issa in a and public Abdulrahman ceremony, covered Juma who the local media in March. by According against the to Catholic Issa, their Church, very public which wedding together was with a Islam; sign of make defiance Tanzania's main religious groups. It all began when, during a mass up wedding Catholic for community 600 Catholic in Tanzania, heterosexual Archbishop couples, Polycarp the leader Cardinal of the Pengo, the most launched heinous an sins attack on on earth". homosexuality, Said the Archbishop: describing it "God as "one said of people relationship should between bear children two men, to or fill two the women world. for How that matter, can a fill sexual world? This is absurd". Issa says he and Juma had planned to the married later in the year, "but we hurriedly wedded because of the get nasty words. words "Issa, uttered known by also the as Archbishop. Auntie Muddy, We just has wanted been reported to rubbish in the his Tanzanian Salaam, the press Tanzanian as having seaside warned that capital he and city other of gays three in million Dar es inhabitants, the church continues might feel in its pushed condemnation to hold a of gay gays rights demonstration if Case NEW 3: YORK-On The Indian a Web Muslim site looking for gay for South a Lesbian Asians, girl 27-year-old for marriage! Mansoor uploaded the following message last summer: Syed Hi, like to I am get looking married for because a lesbian of pressure girl for marriage. from parents I am and gay society. but I would I 54

55 would part, please like this don't marriage expect any to be sexual a `normal' relationship marriage from except me. for the sex Being up sex an and Indian have gay a nice person, otherwise I believe normal it is family. so much We worth can it be to good give friends Across and the don't globe have and to especially repent all in our America, life for being hundreds gay/lesbian. Muslims have started to pursue marriages of convenience of or other MOC, gay they are known in which gay Muslims seek out lesbian Muslims, and as vice Mansoor versa, works for appearances as an accountant sake. abstains from drinking alcohol or and eating is a pork devout and Muslim. is particular He strictly offering early morning prayers. about To devoted his friends son. But on Wall Mansoor Street, is also he is part a financial of a burgeoning whiz; to his trend parents, of gay a Muslims Hard statistics adopting on the marriages trend are of convenience. site for South Asian gays and lesbians hard to seeking come by, such but marriages, on a single almost Web 400 from requests Atlanta had "I just been finished uploaded. medical They school, ranged and from the a pressure desperate for plea to get married is becoming ridiculous. I can't have a conversationwith me my from parents Texas: without them pressuring me" to a straightforward one "I Mansoor will not credits object to the her Internet having sex for with making other these women." possibility for gay Muslims. Gay activists agree, marriages and say that a real recent years, they have seen a rise in such marriages among Muslims. in Jack group Fertig, for gay a co coordinator Muslims, says he for comes Al Fatiha, across a national at least one advocacy e mail request every month. such 55

56 "It's are seeking, obvious that looking this is and becoming trying to a viable make option," connections he said. that "People develop into such marriages." could Other reasons activists of selfpreservation. say gay Muslims are resorting to these unions for "Marriages avoid emotional of convenience and physical are harm the result to themselves," of gay Muslims says Muhammed wanting to Ali, for gay a board Iranians. member Homosexuality of Homan, a is Los a crime Angeles-based punishable support by death group much of the Islamic world. In Iran last year, two gay teenagers were in publicly would torture executed, homosexuals while in by Afghanistan, collapsing walls the on Taliban them. government 56