Advanced tools in water management in The Netherlands

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1 Advanced tools in water management in The Netherlands Modelling for system knowledge, effective operational management, and policy making Gé van den Eertwegh Rivierenland Water Board The Netherlands PR China, Beijing, May 26-27, Advanced tools in Water Resources Management

2 Helicopter view The Netherlands Land surface km 2 60% agriculturally cultivated 16% built area Inhabitants 16 million (470 per km 2 ) About 60% of area can be flooded by sea or river > water management is of key interest

3 Area at potential flood risk

4 Major river basins

5 Geological cross section W-E

6 Water Boards in The Netherlands The oldest form of democratic government (13th century) Arisen by Natural circumstances The need and efficiency to cooperate and organise Decision making is ruled by the sequence of interest, payment, and influence

7 Dutch Water Boards at present Public authorities with a predetermined, limited task related to integrated water management Some figures (2008): - 26 all-in water boards (in 1950: 2500!) employees - 2 billion euro s annual tax income; almost completely self supporting

8

9 Rivierenland Water Board: area ha - 38 municipalities inhabitants km dikes km water courses - 39 wastewater treatment plants km pressure pipelines km roads employees

10 Rivierenland Water Board Major tasks: Flood control Integrated water management (hydrology, chemistry, biology) Municipal wastewater treatment Also: Musk rats control Road maintenance

11 Flood control

12

13 Water management (hydrology)

14 Water management (chemistry)

15 Water management (biology)

16 Wastewater treatment

17 Information water management Monitoring programme Hydrology Chemistry Ecology Actual management practices Modelling efforts (hydrology and chemistry) Surface water Top soil Regional groundwater

18 Why to use simulation models? System analysis Integration of measurements in time and space Determine effects of policy measures beforehand Calculate effects of changing boundary conditions on water management, e.g. climate change Forecasting in operational water management

19 Model definition Hardware Software programmes System definition Schematisation Parameters BC s and IC s Calibration Validation Modelling expert Common sense

20 Three examples Regional groundwater modelling Full area Top soil and regional groundwater Climate and water management Specific polder area Surface and soil water system Surface water quality modelling Specific polder area Surface water system

21 Regional groundwater modelling

22 Regional groundwater modelling System analysis of groundwater Water tables and mass fluxes Travel times Provide information Influence of surface water management on land and land use by interaction with groundwater Spatial planning of land use Adaptation of water system to climate changes Steady state and transient situations Resolution: network 25 x 25 m² and 1 day time step

23 Regional groundwater modelling Software MODFLOW: regional groundwater flow MetaSWAP: groundwater recharge (Alterra) Coupled: MODFLOW-MetaSWAP Using the imod modelling environment (TNO/Deltares)

24 Regional groundwater modelling MetaSWAP Covers the top soil / unsaturated zone SWAP-model (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) is basis: model output on variables converted into tables Database with functional relationship between unsaturated zone variables Runs 50 to 100 times faster as compared to SWAP

25 Regional groundwater modelling MODFLOW-MetaSWAP coupling scheme metaswap metaswap metaswap Aanvulling + Bergingstabel Aanvulling + Bergingstabel Initiele grondwaterstand grondwaterstand grondwaterstand MODFLOW MODFLOW MODFLOW T=0 T=dt T=2dt

26 Regional groundwater modelling imod modelling environment Central model database and server Remote desktop connected Several users GIS-interface Impuls Response (IR) database with results

27 Regional groundwater modelling Data needed 1 Subsurface geology 2 Soil map 3 Soil physical characteristics 4 Land use map 5 Surface water and drainage system: structure and variables 6 Water levels rivers 7 Ground surface height and topograph 8 Groundwater withdrawal data 9 Areal precipitation and potential evapotranspiration 10 Groundwater levels 11 and more

28 Regional groundwater modelling Modelling area

29 Regional groundwater modelling Results groundwater levels (time)

30 Regional groundwater modelling Results groundwater levels (space)

31 Regional groundwater modelling Results groundwater recharge/seepage (space)

32 Climate and water management

33 Climate and water management Climate changes with time Precipitation (volume and intensity) Evapotranspiration Water levels of river Rhine Consequences for water management in river area?

34 Climate and water management Software FutureView-R Upper groundwater soil water and surface water system

35 Climate and water management Results ET deficit in summer months 2003

36 Climate and water management Results discharge from area ( ) Model ModelW+ 8 Afvoer (mm/d) /00 7/00 1/01 7/01 1/02 7/02 1/03 7/03 1/04 7/04 Datum

37 Surface water quality modelling

38 Surface water quality modelling System analysis of surface water Mass fluxes and flow velocities Water and solute sources analysis Solute concentrations Provide information Influence of land use on surface water quality Spatial planning of land use Steady state and transient situation Resolution: network nodes at 100 m and 1 day time step

39 Surface water quality modelling Software stroomgebied watergangen MODFLOW-SWAP Modflow kwantiteit SOBEK-CF Swap Sobek-CF SOBEK-WQ modules Emissie Sobek-WQ kwaliteit

40 Surface water quality modelling Results solute concentration surface water (time) Locatie GBR-AVK 0,20 0,18 Huidige situatie processen (μg/l) Alternatief 1b (μg/l) Alternatief 3 (μg/l) Alternatief 5 (μg/l) Alternatief 1a (μg/l) Alternatief 2 (μg/l) Alternatief 4 (μg/l) MTR-Cbf Concentratie Carbofuran (ug/l) 0,16 0,14 0,12 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,

41 Surface water quality modelling Results solute concentration surface water (space)

42 Surface water quality modelling Results solute concentration above threshold value scenario 1a scenario 1b scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4 scenario 5 gemalen: Baanbreker 1,3 1,5 1,0 1,5 0,3 0,3 Van Dam van Brakel 1,3 1,8 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,3 HC de Jongh 1,3 1,3 1,8 1,0 0,5 0,3 afwateringsgebieden: Baanbreker 1 2,0 3,0 1,0 3,0 0,3 0,4 Baanbreker 2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,5 Van Dam van Brakel 1 1,0 2,6 2,0 1,0 0,3 0,3 Van Dam van Brakel 2 3,0 4,0 2,2 1,0 1,2 0,2 HC de Jongh 1,0 1,0 1,9 1,0 0,6 0,5

43 Surface water quality modelling Results sources of water in space and time (fraction)

44 Conclusions

45 Conclusions (1) Weaknesses Modelling takes efforts (time, money, data, expertise): investments and patience necessary Pitfall: assumptions made and over-parametrization Integration of measurements and modelling results is necessary: what if measurements are lacking..? How to find out accuracy and reliability of results?

46 Conclusions (2) Strengths Modelling makes you think and leads to knowledge of how water system works Water system knowledge is needed to facilitate discussions with land users/owners, in own organization, and with province, state, Targeted and effective policy measures can be evaluated beforehand

47 Conclusions (3) Mass balances based on measurements from different sources go first! Make all three: Basin area Soil system Surface water system Start with simple models, then possibly extend Modelling facilitates good governance: at present facing future challenges

48 Thank you for your attention! Any questions? You re welcome! For further information: Gé van den Eertwegh Rivierenland Water Board PO Box AN TIEL The Netherlands Tel : g.vanden.eertwegh@wsrl.nl Website: PR China, Beijing, May 26-27, 2008 Advanced tools in Water Resources Management

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