Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids
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1 Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids Background 1. Describe the properties of metals. 2. Describe the properties of non-metals. 3. Describe the properties of metalloids. 4. Define luster, and describe how the luster of matter is determined. 5. Define malleability, and describe how the malleability of matter is determined. 6. Define conductivity, and describe how the conductivity of matter can be determined. 7. Metalloids share properties of both metals and non-metals. Which would be best to determine if an element is a metalloid? 8. Comparative investigations involve observing how different objects respond to the same conditions. What are some specific questions you could ask to plan a comparative investigation about metals, metalloids, and/or non-metals? 1
2 Part I: Plan Your Investigation 1. My Question of Inquiry: ) 2. The Hypothesis: 3. What is the independent variable (also known as the manipulated variable)? 4. What is the dependent variable (also known as the responding variable)? 5. Is there a control group or control variable for this investigation? Explain. 6. What materials, equipment, and technology will be needed for this investigation? 7. List all safety precautions that must be taken. 8. Follow the procedures listed in the Student Guide to conduct this investigation. You will use your observations to answer your Question of Inquiry. 2
3 Part II: Implement Your Investigation Collect, Record, and Organize Data Observations of Elements Sample Luster Malleability Conductivity Metal, Non-Metal, or Metalloid aluminum carbon copper iron nickel lead sulfur silicon tin zinc Find the ten samples you tested on the Periodic Table. If you determined the sample was a metal, then color the box yellow, color non-metal boxes green, and color metalloids boxes blue. Use the following hints to color in more boxes on the Periodic Table: Hydrogen = green Boron = blue Fluorine = green Neon = green Magnesium = yellow Aluminum = yellow Gallium = yellow Germanium = blue Arsenic = blue Rubidium = yellow Antimony = blue Iodine = green Xenon = green Osmium = yellow Bismuth = yellow Radon = green Francium = yellow Lanthanum = yellow Uranium = yellow Einsteinium = yellow Nobelium = yellow 3
4 Part II: Implement Your Investigation, continued Analyze Data 1. Describe the location of the elements that you classified as metals on the Periodic Table. 2. Describe the location of the elements that you classified as non-metals on the Periodic Table. 3. Describe the location of the elements that you classified as metalloids on the Periodic Table. 4. Finish coloring the Periodic Table and write the KEY at the top: KEY: Metals = yellow Non-Metals = green Metalloids = blue 5. Use your color-coded Periodic Table to classify the following as metals, non-metals, or metalloids: Tellurium Oxygen Titanium Neon Lithium Gold 6. Without referring to your color coded Periodic Table, use the chart of physical properties on Page 5 to determine if the element is a metal, non-metal, or metalloid. After you complete the chart using physical properties for classification, check the color-coded Periodic Table to see if your answers are correct. 4
5 Part II: Implement Your Investigation Analyze Data, continued Sample Luster Malleability Conductivity Metal, Non- Metal, or Metalloid Magnesium Metallic Malleable Good conductor Germanium Metallic Brittle Semiconductor Phosphorus Argon Non-metallic, Dull Colorless gas Brittle No malleability, gas Non-conductor Non-conductor Arsenic Metallic Brittle Semiconductor Potassium Metallic Malleable Good conductor 7. How did the physical properties of the samples help you with classification? 8. Can you use physical properties to tell different metals apart from each other? 9. Some of the non-metals are gases and liquids. Do you think you could use the same physical properties to tell them from metals? 10. What is one of the best ways to tell a metal from a non-metal? Think in terms of physical properties. Hint: it is not how shiny it is. 11. Is it possible to tell if an element is a metal, non-metal, or a metalloid simply by observing if it is shiny (has high luster)? Explain. 5
6 Reflections and Conclusions 1. Is the hypothesis supported by the data? Explain. 2. How did the results reveal a relationship between the independent and dependent variable? 3. Where could have errors been made while collecting or organizing data? 4. What do you conclude about this investigation? 5. How does this investigation help you answer your Question of Inquiry? 6. What would you do differently if you were to conduct this experiment again? 6
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