How To Pass A Cie O Level Coursework

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1 Syllabus updates for Cambridge schools 2013 Cambridge Primary, Cambridge Secondary 1, Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS and A Level and Cambridge Pre-U (Sports Science only) Version 2.0 June 2013 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers Interactive

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3 Syllabus updates for Cambridge schools 2013 This major annual update provides advance notification of changes to syllabuses. Please make teaching staff aware of these changes. Finding your way round This is an interactive PDF. You can click on each section title below to move through the document. Alternatively, to see the updates for a particular syllabus, go to Index of syllabus titles. The list of syllabus titles has links to the relevant pages detailing any updates for For example, the index shows that for Cambridge IGCSE Art and Design there are content changes detailed on pages 18 and 19. To get to this information simply click on the page number. Wherever you are in the document you can return to the contents page or the index by clicking on the links in the top right-hand corner. Contents Cambridge Primary and Cambridge Secondary Cambridge Checkpoint updates... 4 Cambridge Secondary 2 and Cambridge Advanced... 5 New syllabuses... 5 Regulated syllabuses... 6 Discontinued syllabuses... 8 Revised syllabuses... 9 Availability changes to syllabuses Changes to syllabus content and assessment Index of syllabus titles Updated information We have updated the information on Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge International AS Level and A Level English subjects on pages 43, 50 and 53. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 3

4 Cambridge Primary and Cambridge Secondary 1 We published new curriculum frameworks for both Cambridge Primary and Cambridge Secondary 1 in These are available for schools registered to offer the programmes to download from the secure websites and Cambridge Progression tests accompany both programmes. Tests in English, mathematics and science are available for stages 3 6 Cambridge Primary and stages 7 9 Cambridge Secondary 1. The tests are housed on the secure support websites for these programmes. Cambridge Primary Checkpoint and Cambridge Secondary 1 are marked by us and offer comprehensive reporting on a candidate's strengths and weaknesses at the end of a stage in the key curriculum areas. Cambridge Primary Checkpoint tests are available only for schools that are registered to offer Cambridge Primary. Specimen papers are available at The entry fee for Cambridge Primary Checkpoint can be found in the fees lists. These are available to download under the My Messages section of the CIE Direct website Please visit the programme websites to download the curriculum frameworks and if there are any queries, please contact Customer Services at info@cie.org.uk Update for Cambridge Primary and Secondary 1 Checkpoint Science From April 2013 For clarification, the use of a calculator is permitted by candidates who are taking Primary Checkpoint and Checkpoint papers in science. This is in line with the use of a calculator for science IGCSE papers. From April 2013, all Cambridge Primary Checkpoint and Checkpoint test papers will include the word Calculator under the Additional materials section on the front cover. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 4

5 Cambridge Secondary 2 and Cambridge Advanced New syllabuses Code Syllabus First examination 0535 Cambridge IGCSE Italian (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Urdu as a Second Language June Cambridge O Level History (Modern World Affairs) Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge O Level History (World Affairs ) (2158) June Cambridge O Level Marine Science November Cambridge O Level Art and Design (Only for Centres in Bangladesh, the Maldives, Mauritius and Pakistan) Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge O Level Art (6010) 6130 Cambridge O Level Fashion and Textiles Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge O Level Fashion and Fabrics (6050) 9093 Cambridge International AS and A Level English Language Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge International AS Level English Language (8693) 9607 Cambridge International AS and A Level Media Studies Note: This syllabus is not available in the UK. June 2015 November 2014 June 2014 June 2015 See also page 13: syllabuses being made generally available following a pilot. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 5

6 Regulated syllabuses Cambridge IGCSE The following Cambridge IGCSE qualifications are approved for regulation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificates. For assessment in 2013 and 2014 Code Syllabus Code Syllabus 0400 Art and Design 0547 Mandarin Chinese 0410 Music 0549 Hindi as a Second Language 0417 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 0580 Mathematics 0450 Business Studies 0610 Biology 0454 Enterprise 0620 Chemistry 0460 Geography 0625 Physics 0470 History 0677 German 0476 Literature (English) 0678 Spanish 0511 English as a Second Language (count-in oral) 0679 Italian 0522 First Language English 0685 French 0543 Greek These syllabuses have a different syllabus code from the IGCSE because there are some small differences in how they are assessed. State-maintained schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland may enter candidates for the regulated syllabuses only. Independent schools in the UK may enter for: either 0476 or 0486 for Literature (English) either 0500 or 0522 for First Language English either 0510 or 0511 for English as a Second Language either 0520 or 0685 for French either 0525 or 0677 for German either 0530 or 0678 for Spanish either 0535 or 0679 for Italian. Please refer to the syllabuses for further details. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 6

7 Regulated syllabuses (continued) Cambridge IGCSE For first assessment in 2015 Code Syllabus Code Syllabus 0400 Art and Design 0525 German Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge IGCSE German (0677) 0410 Music 0530 Spanish Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge IGCSE Spanish (0678) 0417 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 0450 Business Studies 0543 Greek 0535 Italian Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge IGCSE Italian (0679) 0454 Enterprise 0547 Mandarin Chinese 0460 Geography 0549 Hindi as a Second Language 0470 History 0580 Mathematics 0486 Literature (English) Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge IGCSE Literature (English) (0476) 0511 English as a Second Language (count-in speaking) 0520 French Note: This syllabus replaces Cambridge IGCSE French (0685) 0522 First Language English 0610 Biology 0620 Chemistry 0625 Physics Syllabuses 0511 English as a Second Language and 0522 First Language English are approved for regulation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. State-maintained schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland may enter candidates for syllabuses 0511 and 0522 only. Independent schools in the UK may enter for: either 0500 or 0522 for First Language English either 0510 or 0511 for Second Language English. Please refer to the syllabuses for further details. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 7

8 Syllabuses being discontinued Code Syllabus Final examination 0476 Cambridge IGCSE Literature (English) Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge IGCSE Literature (English) (0486) November Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (with coursework) November Cambridge IGCSE Twenty First Century Science Note: From 2014 entries should be made for Cambridge IGCSE Combined Science (0653) 2158 Cambridge O Level History (World Affairs ) Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge O Level History (Modern World Affairs) (2134) 2160 Cambridge O Level History (Central and Southern Africa) Note: From 2015 entries should be made for Cambridge O Level History (2134) or Cambridge IGCSE History (0470), both of which are available in the June and November examination series 2223 Cambridge O Level Geography (Southern Africa) Note: From 2015 entries should be made for Cambridge O Level Geography (2217) or Cambridge IGCSE Geography (0460), both of which are available in the June and November examination series 5096 Cambridge O Level Human and Social Biology Note: From 2014 entries should be made for Cambridge O Level Biology (5090) 6010 Cambridge O Level Art Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge IGCSE Art and Design (0400). (Centres in Bangladesh, the Maldives, Mauritius and Pakistan can take Cambridge O Level Art and Design (6090)) 6050 Cambridge O Level Fashion and Fabrics Note: From November 2014 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge O Level Fashion and Textiles (6130) 8693 Cambridge International AS Level English Language Note: From November 2013 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge International AS and A Level English Language (9093) 9697 Cambridge International AS and A Level History Note: From November 2014 this syllabus will be replaced by Cambridge International AS and A Level History (9389) November 2013 November 2014 November 2014 November 2014 November 2013 November 2014 November 2013 November 2013 November Cambridge Pre-U Sports Science June 2015 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 8

9 Syllabuses that have been revised (see subject pages for further information) Code Syllabus First revised examination 0400 Cambridge IGCSE Art and Design June Cambridge IGCSE Music June Cambridge IGCSE Drama June Cambridge IGCSE Computer Studies Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be renamed Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science, with a new syllabus code (0478) June Cambridge IGCSE Design and Technology June Cambridge IGCSE India Studies June Cambridge IGCSE Pakistan Studies June Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies June Cambridge IGCSE Development Studies June Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise June Cambridge IGCSE Economics June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE History June Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism June Cambridge IGCSE Literature (English) June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE Latin June Cambridge IGCSE Literature (English) June 2014 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE Sociology June Cambridge IGCSE First Language English June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE First Language Spanish June Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language (oral endorsement) June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language (count-in oral) June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE First Language Afrikaans November Cambridge IGCSE Dutch (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Japanese (Foreign Language) November 2015 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 9

10 Syllabuses that have been revised (continued) (see subject pages for further information) Code Syllabus First revised examination 0520 Cambridge IGCSE French (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE First Language English June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE German (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Spanish (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Italian (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Portuguese (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Greek (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Arabic (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Mandarin Chinese (Foreign Language) June Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics June Cambridge IGCSE Agriculture November 2013 Further revised for November 2014 Further revised for November Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics June Cambridge IGCSE Child Development June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge IGCSE Food and Nutrition June Cambridge IGCSE Physical Science November Cambridge IGCSE Combined Science June Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences June Cambridge O Level Literature in English June 2014 Further revised for June Cambridge O Level Religious Studies (Bible Knowledge) June Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies June Cambridge O Level History (World Affairs ) June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge O Level Sociology June Cambridge O Level Economics June 2013 Further revised for June Cambridge O Level First Language Urdu June Cambridge O Level Additional Mathematics June 2013 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 10

11 Syllabuses that have been revised (continued) (see subject pages for further information) Code Syllabus First revised examination 5038 Cambridge O Level Agriculture November 2013 Further revised for November 2014 Further revised for November Cambridge O Level Physics June Cambridge O Level Chemistry June Cambridge O Level Biology June Cambridge O Level Combined Science June 2014 Further revised for June Cambridge O Level Fashion and Fabrics Note: From November 2014 this syllabus will be renamed Cambridge O Level Fashion and Textiles with a new syllabus code (6130) November Cambridge O Level Food and Nutrition June Cambridge O Level Computer Studies Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be renamed Cambridge O Level Computer Science, with a new syllabus code (2210) June Cambridge O Level Travel and Tourism June Cambridge O Level Business Studies June Cambridge International AS Level General Paper November 2013 Further revised for November Cambridge International AS Level General Paper November 2013 Further revised for November Cambridge International AS Level General Paper November 2013 Further revised for November Cambridge AS Level Japanese Language November Cambridge International AS Level Language and Literature in English June Cambridge International AS and A Level History June 2014 Further revised for June Cambridge AS and A Level Thinking Skills June 2015 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 11

12 Syllabuses that have been revised (continued) (see subject pages for further information) Code Syllabus First revised examination 9691 Cambridge International AS and A Level Computing Note: From June 2015 this syllabus will be renamed Cambridge International AS and A Level Computer Science, with a new syllabus code (9608) June 2013 Further revised for June 2014 Further revised for June Cambridge International AS and A Level Sociology June Cambridge International AS and A Level Art and Design June Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics June 2013 Further revised for June 2014 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 12

13 Other changes to the availability of syllabuses Syllabuses being increased to two examinations per year Code Syllabus With effect from 0410 Cambridge IGCSE Music November Cambridge IGCSE Hindi as a Second Language November 2015 Syllabuses being made generally available following a pilot Code Syllabus With effect from 0408 Cambridge IGCSE World Literature June Cambridge IGCSE Chinese as a Second Language June 2015 Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 13

14 Changes to syllabus content and assessment Area studies India Studies Cambridge IGCSE India Studies, Syllabus 0447 From June 2014 Cambridge IGCSE India Studies is no longer classified as a pilot qualification. Paper 3 (Research portfolio) has been clarified in terms of the research report and the background reflection and recommendations. The relationship between the assessment objectives and the components has been clarified. Slight changes have been made to the wording of the content concerning India s relationship with Pakistan (Paper 1 Theme 4 and Paper 2 Case Study 3) and environmental sustainability (Paper 2 Case Study 1). The set questions for Paper 3 (2014 series) have been included. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 14

15 Pakistan Studies Cambridge IGCSE Pakistan Studies, Syllabus 0448 From June 2015 Changes to syllabus content There are no major changes to content. Paper 1 There are small changes to: Key question 2 Key question 6 Key question 7 Key question 8 Key question 9 Key question 11 Key question 14. The spelling of some names has been revised to reflect the most commonly used spelling. Teachers are encouraged to start using these spellings in their teaching as the revised spellings will be accepted by examiners for 2013 and 2014, as well as the current spellings. Paper 2 The emphasis on development has increased and an understanding of GDP and GNP is included. There are small changes in order to refresh and clarify content in: The land of Pakistan 1(b) Location of provinces and cities Natural resources an issue of sustainability 2(b) Water 2(c) Forests Power 3(a) Sources 3(b) Non-renewables 3(c) Renewables Industrial development 5(b) Secondary and tertiary industries Trade 6(a) Major exports and imports 6(b) Pakistan s trading partners Transport and telecommunications 7(a) Internal transport 7(b) Telecommunications Population 8(a) Structure and growth 8(d) Employment Changes to content are indicated in the syllabus by downlines. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 15

16 Pakistan Studies (continued) Cambridge IGCSE Pakistan Studies, Syllabus 0448 (continued) Changes to assessment Assessment objectives are now presented as one set for the whole syllabus. Paper 1 assessment objectives include increased analysis skills and the interpretation of historical sources. Paper 1 will include a compulsory source-based question. In Section A candidates answer one compulsory question made up of four parts, (a), (b), (c) and (d), which are linked by a common theme. Parts (a) and (b) are source-based questions using historical sources, either text or pictures/graphics. Candidates use and interpret each source in answering the questions. In Section B candidates answer two questions from a choice of four. For Paper 2 candidates continue to answer three questions from a choice of five. Part (d) of each question in Paper 2 will specifically assess analysis skills (6 marks). A levels mark scheme will be used for the part (d) questions. For Paper 2 candidates may be required to plot information on graphs and charts. Pakistan Studies Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies, Syllabus 2059 From June 2015 Changes to syllabus content There are no major changes to content. Paper 1 There are small changes to: Key question 2 Key question 6 Key question 7 Key question 8 Key question 9 Key question 11 Key question 14. The spelling of some names has been revised to reflect the most commonly used spelling. Teachers are encouraged to start using these spellings in their teaching as the revised spellings will be accepted by examiners for 2013 and 2014, as well as the current spellings. Paper 2 The emphasis on development has increased and an understanding of GDP and GNP is included. There are small changes in order to refresh and clarify content in: The land of Pakistan 1(b) Location of provinces and cities Natural resources an issue of sustainability 2(b) Water 2(c) Forests Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 16

17 Pakistan Studies (continued) Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies, Syllabus 2059 (continued) Power 3(a) Sources 3(b) Non-renewables 3(c) Renewables Industrial development 5(b) Secondary and tertiary industries Trade 6(a) Major exports and imports 6(b) Pakistan s trading partners Transport and telecommunications 7(a) Internal transport 7(b) Telecommunications Population 8(a) Structure and growth 8(d) Employment Changes to content are indicated in the syllabus by downlines. Changes to assessment Assessment objectives are now presented as one set for the whole syllabus. Paper 1 assessment objectives include increased analysis skills and the interpretation of historical sources. Paper 1 will include a compulsory source-based question. In Section A candidates answer one compulsory question made up of four parts, (a), (b), (c) and (d), which are linked by a common theme. Parts (a) and (b) are source-based questions using historical sources, either text or pictures/graphics. Candidates use and interpret each source in answering the questions. In Section B candidates answer two questions from a choice of four. For Paper 2 candidates continue to answer three questions from a choice of five. Part (d) of each question in Paper 2 will specifically assess analysis skills (6 marks). A levels mark scheme will be used for the part (d) questions. For Paper 2 candidates may be required to plot information on graphs and charts. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 17

18 Art and Design Art and Design Cambridge IGCSE Art and Design, Syllabus 0400 From June 2015 Changes to assessment The number of options has reduced from five to three to provide three alternative options. Component 1 (broad-based assignment) is compulsory for all candidates. Candidates have an unspecified amount of preparation time for Components 1 and 2. Changes to examination-specific information The requirements for all components have been made clearer in the syllabus and detailed information for teachers and candidates will be provided with the question papers for Components 1 and 2. Component 3 Critical and Historical assignment: First-hand studies from primary sources must be used as the starting point to inform the development of their own ideas. This means that the candidate should initially base their studies on primary sources (local buildings, crafts persons, local galleries, etc.) and not from secondary sources (magazines, books or internet searches). As the study progresses the candidate may compare and contrast with secondary source material, particularly as primary source material may be limited in certain cases. Changes to submission of work Photography, digital and lens-based media moving work: Any moving image work (no longer than three minutes) should be submitted on DVD, or alternatively on CD in common forms of digital format such as Mpeg or WMV. Candidates may develop their own blogs or video blogs (social networking sites can be used) but the authenticity of the work produced must be evidenced in the supporting work showing the development of ideas. All research must be clearly referenced. Graphic communication game design: Candidates should be able to combine drawing and software skills to create concept artwork, environments, gameplay, storyboards or character development related to a theme or brief. Supporting work for digitally produced artwork should include evidence of the development of ideas and understanding of techniques and processes. Prototype platform games and RPG games concepts can be produced, and should have age-appropriate content. Quality of written communication: Where written evidence is presented alongside practical work, both the practical work and the written information (commentary, notes and annotations) will be assessed in conjunction with each other and against all assessment objectives. Candidates do not have to communicate in writing but if they do, they must ensure that their writing is legible and in English. The spelling and grammar should be checked to ensure that the meaning is clear. The form and style of writing should be appropriate and should fit the context of the work. All source material should be correctly referenced. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 18

19 Art and Design (continued) Cambridge IGCSE Art and Design, Syllabus 0400 (continued) Component 4 Coursework assignment supporting portfolio: This should contain work which shows the research, exploration, development and evaluation relevant to the final outcome. The maximum size is A2, and no more than four sheets eight sides in total should be submitted. The supporting portfolio should relate directly to the final outcome. Art and Design Cambridge O Level Art and Design, Syllabus 6090 (only for Centres in Bangladesh, the Maldives, Mauritius and Pakistan) From June 2015 This syllabus replaces 6010 Cambridge O Level Art. It is now only offered to Centres in Bangladesh, the Maldives, Mauritius and Pakistan. In 6090, candidates now take two components out of a choice of three, instead of three out of a choice of six. There is now a compulsory component, Paper 1. For each component, there is now a practical examination of 6 hours instead of either 2.5 or 3 hours. Candidates must have a minimum of two weeks preparation time before the examination (instead of one week) and question papers will be released in time to reflect this. Submission dates for examination work are now 30 April for the June examination series and 31 October for the November examination series. The syllabus has five assessment objectives, which apply to all components: AO1 Gathering, recording, research and investigation AO2 Exploration and development of ideas AO3 Organisation and relationships of visual and/or other forms AO4 Selection and control of materials, media and processes AO5 Personal vision and presentation Please note that research (AO1) and exploration and development of ideas (AO2) are assessed in AO1 and AO2 together account for 40% of the marks. The examination work should draw on the earlier research and exploration and development of ideas. Accordingly, supporting studies (preparatory work) must be taken into the examination. Supporting studies must not be removed from the Centre once the examination has started. Supporting studies must be submitted together with the final examination piece after the examination, with the final examination piece on the top. All work must be labelled using the labels in the syllabus. In 6090, any component can be approached using any of the media or techniques listed in this syllabus. Centres in Brunei are offered 6089 Cambridge O Level Art and Design (BN) in place of Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 19

20 Art and Design Cambridge International AS and A Level Art and Design, Syllabus 9704 From June 2014 Changes to submission dates for Papers 1 and 4 Paper 1 (Controlled Test). Centres are advised to check the 2014 timetable for up-to-date information. Paper 4 (Personal Study) must be received at Cambridge for moderation at the same time as the other coursework components, Paper 2 (Coursework A) and Paper 3 (Coursework B). Centres are advised to check the Cambridge Administrative Guide 2014 for information on coursework submission. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 20

21 Business subjects Business Studies Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies, Syllabus 0450 From June 2015 Changes to syllabus content The syllabus content has been updated and reorganised: Most of the changes are simply re-ordering of topics to create a more logical structure and to make the syllabus more accessible for teachers. A new Syllabus at a Glance section has been added to the syllabus for quick referencing (p. 6). The Assessment at a Glance section has been modified to reflect changes to the component and assessment structure. The following content has been removed: State the role of the government in influencing decisions within local, national and international contexts and explain how business may react Mixed and market economies and the appreciation of different outcomes of the systems in terms of choice, prices and availability of goods/services Show awareness of the potential for consumer exploitation in uncompetitive markets Financial budgets Explain why intervention in business activity is required so that social and economic objectives of the state can be better achieved Show awareness of how trade unions can influence business behaviour Describe the main features of an employment contract. Content now includes clarification of the following: Methods of communication now include a specific reference to information technology The concept of quality assurance has been added to quality control. The following new content has been added: Importance of specialisation Enterprise and entrepreneurship Why some (new or established) businesses fail Objectives of social enterprises Maslow's hierarchy and key motivational theories Taylor and Herzberg Benefits of part-time and full-time workers Maintaining customer loyalty; building customer relationships Use of social networks for promotion Importance of micro-finance in developing economies The concept of globalisation, the reasons for it and the opportunities and threats of globalisation for businesses. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 21

22 Business Studies (continued) Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies, Syllabus 0450 (continued) Changes to assessment The number of components has reduced from three to two: the coursework element (Paper 3) of the examination has been removed. The weighting of the papers has changed due to the reduction in the number of components mentioned above. Paper 1 and Paper 2 now each account for 50% of the total marks. Paper 1 and Paper 2 have been reduced from 1 hour 45 minutes per paper to 1 hour 30 minutes each. The number of questions on Paper 1 and on Paper 2 has been reduced from five to four questions. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 22

23 Business Studies Cambridge O Level Business Studies, Syllabus 7115 From June 2015 Changes to syllabus content The syllabus content has been updated and reorganised: Most of the changes are simply re-ordering of topics to create a more logical structure and to make the syllabus more accessible for teachers. A new Syllabus at a Glance section has been added to the syllabus for quick referencing (p. 6). The Assessment at a Glance section has been modified to reflect changes to the component and assessment structure. The following content has been removed: State the role of the government in influencing decisions within local, national and international contexts and explain how business may react Mixed and market economies and the appreciation of different outcomes of the systems in terms of choice, prices and availability of goods/services Show awareness of the potential for consumer exploitation in uncompetitive markets Financial budgets Explain why intervention in business activity is required so that social and economic objectives of the state can be better achieved Show awareness of how trade unions can influence business behaviour Describe the main features of an employment contract. Content now includes clarification of the following: Methods of communication now include a specific reference to information technology The concept of quality assurance has been added to quality control. The following new content has been added: Importance of specialisation Enterprise and entrepreneurship Why some (new or established) businesses fail Objectives of social enterprises Maslow's hierarchy and key motivational theories Taylor and Herzberg Benefits of part-time and full-time workers Maintaining customer loyalty; building customer relationships Use of social networks for promotion Importance of micro-finance in developing economies The concept of globalisation, the reasons for it and the opportunities and threats of globalisation for businesses. Please share the relevant pages with your teachers 23