Chapter 7 The Rock Cycle

Transcription

1 1 Chapter 7 The Rock Cycle Name Mineral Streak Luster Hardness Rock gneous Rock Deposition Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Weathering Erosion Rock Cycle

2 What are minerals? How do rocks form? How are rocks changed? 2

3 3 Name Date Review pages Science Write the term that best matches the definition on the line at the end of the sentence. You will not use every word. Spelling will count. crust hardness magma lava luster streak 1. The way light reflects from a mineral's surface and can be metallic or non-metallic. 2. This tells how easy it is to scratch a mineral. 3. This is the color of a powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile. 4. This is a naturally occurring, nonliving solid that has a specific chemical makeup and a crystalline structure. Answer the following with complete sentences. 5. What scale is used to rank minerals according to their hardness? 6. How can you use Mohs hardness scale to help classify a mineral? 7. Tina is classifying minerals that have about the same color in the same group. s Tina s way of classifying minerals correct? Explain.

4 Date Mineral Properties 6 labeled hand lens streak plate steel nail pre-1983 mineral samples penny Procedure o Use the table below for this investigation. e Use a hand lens to observe each mineral's color. Record your observations in the table. 1 e With each mineral, draw a line across the streak plate. What color is each mineral's streak? Record your observations. o CAUTON: Use caution with the nail. t's sharp. Test the hardness of each mineral. Try to scratch each mineral with your fingernail, the penny, and the steel nail. Then try to scratch each mineral with each of the other minerals. Record your observations in the table. Classify the minerals based on the properties you tested: color, streak, and hardness. Make labels that list all three properties for each mineral. Mineral Sample Color Streak Hardness Use with page 211. (page 1 of 3) Lab Manual mm 4

5 Draw Conclusions 1. How are the mineral samples different from one another? 2. nquiry Skill-Classify Scientific Thinking Scientists classify objects to make them easier to study. What do scientists use to classify minerals? When you classify objects, first observe their properties. Compare and contrast them with properties of other objects. Group the objects according to the properties that they share. nvestigate Self-Assessment Agree Not Sure Disagree followed the directions for this investigation. followed safety rules when using the steel nail. classified each mineral according to its color, streak, and hardness.!9m Lab Manual (page 2 of 3) Use with page

6 Date Lesson 1 - What Are Minerals? Mohs Hardness Scale 1. nq.uiry Skill Practice-Classify Use the Mohs hardness scale to classify the following minerals by writing the approximate hardness number for each. Fayalite can scratch orthoclase but not topaz. Amber can scratch talc but not calcite. Pectolite can scratch fluorite but not orthoclase. 2. Use Vocabulary 3. Complete each sentence with the correct term from the box. The color of the powder left behind when you rub a against a white tile or a streak plate is called the which a mineral's surface reflects light. mineral's ability to resist being scratched. is the property by 1. talc 2. gypsum 3. calcite 4. fluorite 5. apatite 6. orthoclase 7. quartz 8. topaz 9. corundum 10. diamond Read the selection. Underline the main idea. List at least two details about the main idea. Pat had to classify minerals for her science project. Pat used containers to store the minerals according to their properties. She used a shoe box to store the minerals that scored 5 or less on the Mohs hardness scale. Pat used an egg carton to store the minerals that had a waxy luster. For those minerals that had a blue streak, Pat used a small plastic box. S a mineral luster hardness streak Use with pages (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework 2D 6

7 4. 5. Use this space to complete the graphic organizer shown in the Reading Review of the Student Edition. Main dea: Minerals can be identified by their 0 Examples of Common Mineral Properties 4) 4) (9 0) 4) Examples of Special Mineral Properties Tina is classifying a set of minerals. She puts all the minerals that have about the same color in the same group. s Tina's way of classifying minerals correct? Explain. td 0 CD a Reading Support and Homework (page 1 of 2) Use with pages

8 Date dentifying Rocks " hand lens 5 labeled safety goggles rock samples dropper paper plate paper towels Procedure o Use the table below to record your observations. Draw a picture of each rock in the Picture column. a Use the hand lens to observe each rock. Record the Color of each rock in the table e Look at the grains that make up each rock. Notice their sizes. Are their edges rounded or sharp? How do the grains fit together? Record your observations under Texture. o CAUTON: Put on safety goggles. Vinegar bubbles on rocks that contain calcite. Put the rocks on a paper plate. Use the dropper to slowly drop some vinegar onto each rock. Observe and record your findings. o Classify the rocks into two groups based on similar properties. Rock Sample Picture Color Texture Bubbles? r m! Lab Manual (page 1 of 3) Use with page r

9 Draw Conclusions 1. What properties did you use to classify the rocks? 2. nquiry Skill-Classify Scientific Thinking Scientists classify objects to make them easier to study. One way scientists classify rocks is by how they form. Choose one of the rocks, and describe how it might have formed. You can classify the same objects by different properties. Rocks, for example, can be classified by color, by texture, or by how they formed. A certain type of rock may fall into two or more different categories, depending on how you classify it. nvestigate Self-Assessment Agree Not Sure Disagree followed the directions for this investigation. followed safety rules when using the vinegar. recorded the properties of each rock sample and then classified the rocks into two groups. Use with page 219. (page 2 of 3) Lab Manual ~ 9

10 10 Name Date Review Text pages Science 1-2. Place the steps for the formation of a sedimentary rock in order. A. Sediments are deposited. B. Water, wind and ice break up rocks into sediments. C. Tiny mineral crystals form that cement sediments together. D. Layers of sediments squeeze together until they harden. Answer the following questions with complete sentences. 3. What is a natural solid made of one or more minerals? 4. Why do igneous rocks that form underground have large crystals? 5. What is the difference between igneous and sedimentary rocks? 6. Describe a time when you have seen deposition.

11 Date Lesson 2.. How Do Rocks Form? 1. look at the pictures. Write a summary about each that will help in its classification. What can you conclude? A B 2.~ Match the clue on the left with the term on the right. Write the letter in the blank. rock that is changed from one form to another by high heat and great pressure rock formed when melted rock cools and hardens A. igneous rock B. sedimentary rock rock formed by compacted and cemented particles C. metamorphic rock 3. Read the selection. dentify cause and effect in the description of how sedimentary rock forms. t takes many years for sedimentary rock to form. The process starts when rocks break down to form small pieces of rock. Wind and water carry the pieces away. The pieces, called sediment, settle in places like lakes, rivers, and oceans. Over the years, more pieces settle, and layers of sediment form. n time, the layers change into solid rock. Use with pages (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework lbb 11

12 4. Cause and Effect Use this space to complete the graphic organizer shown in the Reading Review of the Student Edition. Cause Effect [ M_e_lt_e_d_rO_C_k_c_O_O_S_. } [e ) 4) Sedimentary rocks form. Rock is put under pressure. Rock becomes very hot. ct 5. t is common to find fossils in sedimentary rocks. One way fossils form is when ocean animals die, their shells, teeth, and bones drop to the ocean floor. Those pieces become part of the sediment layer. t is not common to find fossils in igneous rock. Why? ma::n Reading Support and Homework (page 1 of 2) Use with pages

13 Date Lesson 3 How Are Rocks Changed? 1. nq,uiry Skill Practice-Use Models Suppose you have a piece of clay. You sprinkle uncooked rice on it to represent rocks and soil on a mountain. What will be least likely to cause the process of erosion in this model? Circle the best answer in the box. Explain your reasoning. placing the clay with rice under running water placing the clay with rice in the freezer placing the clay with rice in front of a running fan 2. Use Vocabulary Write a complete sentence that uses the word weathering correctly. 3. Reading Skill Practice-Seq,uencing Put the following changes to rocks in the correct sequence. Number the events 1 to 3. Sediment is cemented into a sedimentary rock. Small pieces are weathered from a metamorphic rock. Sediment is deposited in a different place. Use with pages (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework ~ 13

14 4. SeCluencing, Use this space to complete the graphic organizer shown in the Reading Review of the Student Edition. A rock is weathered and the sediment is eroded. The sediment is deposited and cemented, forming a G rock. The rock is squeezed, and the pressure causes it to heat up. t changes into a 4]) rock. The rock melts. The melted rock hardens and becomes an e rock. 5. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Suppose you are digging a hole in the ground. You notice that the soil is in two layers. Each layer has particles of different sizes. You observe the soil closely and find that the bottom layer is made up mostly of sand and the top layer is made up mostly of clay. What do you think caused this soil to have two different layers?, ~ Reading Support and Homework (page 1 of 2) Use with pages

15 ~ ltocallljlar~ "~"": "~ ""edw~er; "": Date The Rock Cycle A. Classification Read the words in the box. Write each word under the correct category below. -~~ "~ ~~ ~:~ ::: w deposition metamorphic rock hardness igneous rock luster erosion sedimentary rock streak weathering How Rocks Are Formed or Changed Types of Rocks Characteristics of Rocks and Minerals B. Using a Dictionary Read the question. look up the meanings of the underlined words in a dictionary. Then answer the question. 1. Would rain cause erosion or deposition? Explain why. :a! Reading Support and Homework (page 1 of 1) Use with Chapter 7. 15

16 Unit C Chapter 7 (page 1 of 4) Assessment Guide ~ 16 :; o Name Date The Rock Cycle Vocabulary Match each term in Column Bwith its meaning in Column A. Column A Column B 1. Rock that forms when small grains of rock A. streak are pressed together and become cemented B. hardness 2. The process by which wind and water remove C. igneous rock and carry small pieces of weathered rock from D. deposition one place to another 3. Rock that forms when melted rock cools E. sedimentary rock and hardens F. metamorphic rock 4. The continuous process by which one rock type G. eroson changes into another H. rock cycle 5. A mineral's ability to resist being scratched 6. Rock changed by high heat and great pressure 7. The color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile 8. The process by which sediment settles out of water and wind Science Concepts Write the letter of the best choice. 9. Ruthie describes a mineral as being waxy. What property of the mineral is she describing? A. hardness C. sedimentation <' B. luster D. streak 10. Which of these would not be used to classify igneous rocks? F. crystal size G. mineral content H. when they were formed J. where they were formed

17 ~ Assessment Guide (page 2 of 4) Unit C Chapter 7 17 Name 11. Which process will change a sedimentary rock into another sedimentary rock? A. bending C. melting B. burning D. weathering 12. This list should show items that are found naturally in soil. Which item should be removed from the list? F. deposited sediment G. decayed animal matter H. melted rock J. weathered rock 13. You have been given a rock that is a conglomerate. Where did your rock most likely form? A. in a volcano B. at the top of a hill C. a rver D. at the edge of a desert 14. Which of the following are the building blocks of all rocks? F. gemstones G. minerals H. sand particles J. water molecules 15. You can use a copper penny with a hardness of 3 or glass with a hardness of 6 to test a mineral's hardness. Which of these minerals could be scratched by glass but not by a penny? (The hardness of each mineral is given in parentheses.) A. diamond (10) B. fluorite (4) C. gypsum (2) D. topaz (8) 16. Which of the following can change a sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock? F. deposition G. erosion H. pressure J. weathering

18 nctuiry Skills Use the following classification table to answer Questions Mineral Color Color of Streak Hardness Talc light green white Fluorite light purple white 4 Feldspar white, salmon pink white 5 Quartz clear, milky white, rose, smoky gray none A mineral sample has a white streak and is so soft that it can be scratched by your fingernail. dentify the mineral. Tell how you know. 18. A mineral is white and cannot be scratched by the mineral orthoclase (hardness of 6). dentify the mineral. Tell how you know. Unit C Chapter 7 (page 3 of 4) Assessment Guide En 18

19 Critical Thinking 19. You find a rock near a volcano. t has small mineral crystals. What type of rock is it? Where was the rock formed? Explain. 20. Tyrone likes to go rock hunting. On a recent trip, he found the rock shown below. Part A dentify Tyrone's rock. Tell how and where it formed. Part B When Tyrone's rock broke off from its rock bed, it had sharp corners. How did Tyrone's rock change? What caused the change?.!5i Assessment Guide (page 4 of 4) Unit C Chapter 7 19

20 20