Modul 11 GSM & GPRS Standard

Transcription

1 TT 4113 Cellular Communication Systems Modul 11 GSM & GPRS Standard 1 Faculty of Electrical and Communication Institut Teknologi Telkom Bandung 2010

2 2 Development of GSM Standard

3 3 History of GSM 1st & 2nd Generations

4 4 2nd Generation Standards

5 5 GSM Derivatives

6 6 Spectrum for major mobile standards

7 7 GSM Phases

8 8 GSM Phase 2+ Features

9 9 GSM Coverage worldwide

10 GSM Variants 10 U = Uplink D = Downlink GSM900 at 900 MHz GSM1800 at 1800 MHz (DCS1800) 125 2x25 MHz band 375 2x75 MHz band GSM1900 at 1900 MHz (PCS1900) 300 2x60 MHz band

11 11 GSM Frequency Band

12 12 GSM System Specification

13 13 Technical Specification Base Tx (MHz) Base Rx (MHz) Multiple Access Methode Modulation Radio Channel Spacing Users/Channel Number Channel CODEC Spectrum Allocation IS IS - 136* IS GSM IDEN TDMA / FDMA TDMA CDMA / FDMA TDMA / FDMA TDMA Pi/4DPSK 30 khz Pi/4DPSK 30 khz QPSK 1,25 MHz 0,3 GMSK 200 khz 16QAM 25 khz /6 600 ACELP/ VCELP 50 MHz ACELP 64 9 (A) 10 (B) CELP - 30 MHz 50 MHz RELP-LTP/ ACELP 50 MHz 30 MHz

14 14 Technical Specification IS Base Tx (MHz) Base Rx (MHz) TDMA / Multiple FDMA Aceess Methode Pi/4DPSK Modulation 30 khz Radio Channel Spacing 3 Users/Channel 166/332/498 Number Channels ACELP / CODEC VCELP 10/20/ Spectrum 30 MHz Allocation IS DCS1800 ( GSM ) DCS1900 ( GSM ) CDMA / FDMA TDMA / FDMA TDMA / FDMA TDD QPSK 1,25 MHz 0,3 GMSK 200 khz 0,3 GMSK 200 khz QPSK 5 MHz /50/ CELP RELP-LTP/ ACELP 150 MHz RELP-LTP/ ACELP 10/20/ 30 MHz CELP 10/20/ 30 MHz IS /20/ 30 MHz

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16 16 Basic GSM Network Structure SS AUC PLMN ISDN PSTN HLR BGW GWMSC GMSC DTI AUC: Authentication Center BGW: Billing GateWay BSC: Base Station Controller BSS: Base Station Subsystem BTS: Base Transceiver Station DTI: Data Transmission Interworking EIR: Equipment Identity Register GMSC: Gateway MSC HLR: Home Location Register ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network MS: Mobile Station MSC: Mobile services Switching Center PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephony Network SMSC: Short Message Service Center SS: Switching Subsystem TRC: Transcoder Resources Controller VLR: Visitor Location Register SMSC EIR MSC/VLR BSS BSS BSC/TRC Air I/f MS BTS

17 17 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Administers its Base Station Controller(s) BSC(s). Call setup, routing & supervision for mobile subscribers. Contributes to the short messages transfer to/from mobile subscribers. Basic GSM Network Structure Records charging and accounting data.

18 18 Basic GSM Network Structure Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center (GMSC) Interface towards other networks for mobile terminated calls. Interrogation of the HLR to retrieve location information of the called subscriber.

19 19 Visitor Location Register (VLR) Basic GSM Network Structure Temporarily stores subscriber profiles for all registered mobile subscribers who are currently visiting the MSC/VLR service area. Performs the security functions: authentication, IMEI check and TMSI allocation.

20 20 Home Location Register (HLR) Basic subscriber categories. Supplementary services. Current location. Database storing for each mobile subscriber: Allowed/barred services. Authentication triplets. Communication with other network elements like GMSC, VLR and SMSC for mobile terminated calls, short messages.

21 21 AUthentication Center (AUC) Database connected to the HLR that stores authentication parameters (triplets) and ciphering keys for mobile subscribers.

22 22 Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Database that validates Mobile Equipments usage. It contains White list for normal handsets, Gray list for faulty or non-type approved handsets & Black list for stolen handsets.

23 23 Base Station Controller (BSC) Manages the Radio Communication with the mobile stations over the air interface. Controls the locating algorithm and handovers between the BTSs Supervises the transport network resources and the operation & maintenance of each BTS

24 24 Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Consists of the radio transmitters, receivers and the antenna system required to provide the coverage area for one cell. Converts the GSM radio signals into a format that can be recognized by the BSC. Records and passes to the BSC the periodic power measurement reports. Performs the network end function for the ciphering/encryption process.

25 25 Basic GSM Network Structure Mobile Station (MS) = + The Mobile Equipment is said to be a Mobile Station if the Subscriber Identity Module ( SIM Card ) is added to it The SIM Card contains: A processor and memory. that stores: - The international mobile subscriber Identity IMSI - The Authentication and ciphering keys.

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27 27 Mobile Equipment

28 28 SIM

29 29 SIM Card Function

30 Radio Coverage 30 Spectrum Allocation (GSM 900) Downlink MHz Uplink MHz 200 KHz F (MHz) Uplink 4 Downlink F (MHz) GSM 900 Frequency Allocation ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

31 Radio Coverage 31 Spectrum Allocation (GSM 1800) Downlink MHz Uplink MHz 200 KHz Uplink F (MHz) Downlink F (MHz) GSM 1800 Frequency Allocation

32 32 GSM Network Architecture Which related to the security system IMSI TMSI MSRN MSISDN LAI Ki Kc SRES RAND : International Mobile Subscriber Identity : Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity : Mobile Station Roaming Number : Mobile Station ISDN : Local Area Identity : authentication key : ciphering key : Signed Response : random number

33 33 Data Service in GSM

34 34 GPRS Efisien menggunakan radio resources A flexible service, with volume-based (or session duration-based) billing Fast set-up /access time Efficient transport of packets in the GSM network Simultaneous GSM and GPRS,co-existence disturbance

35 35 GPRS Componen SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node ) GGSN ( Gateway GPRS Support Node )

36 36 GSM vs GPRS

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38 Basic GPRS Network Structur 38 SGSN BSC GGSN Gb Gn P C U BTS PDN BTS Gf EIR&AUC RAN NETWORK Serving GPRS Suport Node GatewayGPRS Support Node Public Data Network Gc Gr Gs MS SGSN GGSN PDN Gi D VLR G R MSC DATABASE HLR CORE NETWORK User Data and Signalling Signalling

39 39 PCU

40 40 GPRS Attach & Detach MS Switch On MS Attach to Network MS Exchange of information e.g. MS ID, User profile, QoS, etc. Network Network (i.e. SGSN) Check MS ID, Author. & AuC, Assign P-TMSI, etc. MS on Service Finish

41 41 GPRS Attach & Detach Type of attach: Attach after switch on Re-attach in the same SGSN Re-attach in a new SGSN Attach when SGSN has deleted the context Content of GPRS attach: Active service request Check of MS ID Check of subscriber ID Copies of user profile from HLR Assign of P-TMSI

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43 43 GPRS Attach

44 GPRS Attach Procedure 44 MS BSS 1. Attach Request 3. Identify Request New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR New MSC/VLR HLR Old MSC/VLR 2. Identification Request 2. Identification Response 3. Identify Response 4. Authentication 5. IMEI Check 6a. Update Location 6b. Cancel Location 6c. Cancel Location Ack 6d. Insert Subscriber Data 6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 6f. Update Location Ack 7a. Location Updating Ack 7b. Update Location 7c. Cancel Location 7d. Cancel Location Ack 7e. Insert Subscriber Data 7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 8. Attach Accept 9. Attach Complete 7h. Location Updating Accept 10. TMSI Reallocation Complete 7g. Update Location Ack

45 45 GPRS Routing Area Update

46 46 Notion PDP Context

47 47 PDP Context Activation

48 48 Data Transfer

49 49 Routing example: Incoming packet Address conversion: IP-Dest TID + SGSN (from PDP context) IP packet? Internet GGSN SGSN GTP (GGSN IP address, Tunneling ID, IP packet)? Address conversioan: TID TLLI, NSAPI, QoS, and cell (from PDP context) LA2 IP packet MS SGSN SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol) (Temp Logical Link Id, NSAPI, IP packet)) LA1

50 50 Routing example: Outgoing packet IP packet (Dest , Source: ) Internet GGSN SGSN SGSN GGSN? GTP (GGSN IP Address, Tunneling ID, IP packet) Address conversion: TLLI + NSAPI TID + GGSN (from PDP context) SNDCP (TLLI, NSAPI, IP packet) MS Address conversion: IP-source TLLI, NSAPI (from PDP context) IP packet (Dest: Source:

51 51 GPRS Channel

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53 53 Timeslot sharing

54 54 52 Multiframe for GPRS

55 55 GPRS Mobile Equipment

56 Coding Scheme for GPRS 56 Skema coding untuk kanal-kanal trafik logik GPRS

57 57 EDGE

58 58 EDGE Network

59 59 Dimensioning principle : Transmission

60 60 Access of Mobile Applications through WLAN

61 61 Evolution step GSM / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA Edge Um Um Node-B HSDPA BSC BTS Edge TRX PSTN Network PCU Abis HLR/AuC EIR MSC GSM INFRASTRUCTURE RNC HSDPA TRX Iu UMTS (WCDMA) INFRASTRUCTURE Border Gateway (BG) IWU Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE GPRS backbone network (IP based) Lawful Interception Gateway (LIG) Inter-PLMN network SS7 Network Internet Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

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