Waterborne and Water-Related Diseases - Role of Water Treatm...

Transcription

1 1. Waterborne and Water-Related Diseases - Role of Water Treatm What do we mean by waterborne? Page - 1

2 3. Epidemic and Endemic Disease some definitions 4. Issues of Surveillance Page - 2

3 5. Why do we care about waterborne diseases? 6. Worldwide Distribution of Child Deaths Page - 3

4 7. Diarrhea and Pneumonia 8. Water and Hygiene Page - 4

5 9. Water-related causes of child death 10. Age-related Incidence of Diarrhea Page - 5

6 11. UN Millennium Report UN Millennium Report 2005 Page - 6

7 13. UN Millennium Report Person, Place, & Time Page - 7

8 15. Behaviors Higher Risk Diarrhea 16. Fetching Water Page - 8

9 17. Pipe Filters 18. Overview Page - 9

10 19. Water Needs (Quantity) and Water Risk 20. Drought Page - 10

11 21. Summary of requirement for water service level to promote he Minimal Water Needs Page - 11

12 23. Sub-populations Needed Water 24. Need Water. Page - 12

13 25. Historical Information 26. US was once a developing country Page - 13

14 27. It was Cleanliness against Cholera and Yellow Fever 28. Water Tunnels Page - 14

15 29. Typhoid rates in Chicago deaths per 10,000 persons 30. Multiple Barriers Concept Page - 15

16 31. : Slide : Slide Page - 16

17 33. : Slide : Slide Page - 17

18 35. : Slide Sanitation / Cholera Page - 18

19 37. Things are better 1870s on 38. We developed guidelines Page - 19

20 39. What did chlorination accomplish ? 40. Nutrition/Cognition Page - 20

21 41. Water and Sanitation associated with improved child growth Effect of Water and Sanitation Page - 21

22 43. Effects of Stunting, Diarrheal Disease, and Parasitic Infect Epidemics what happens when water treatment lapses Page - 22

23 45. Morbidity, Rwandan Refugees, 94 (UNHCR) 46. Walkerton Page - 23

24 47. Walkerton Deaths and Illness 48. Animal Manure to Human Disease Page - 24

25 49. Contaminated Wells 50. Socio-Economic Analysis of Walkerton Page - 25

26 51. : Slide Concentrated Animal Feedlot Operations (CAFO) Page - 26

27 53. Typhoid in Tajikistan 54. Typhoid Fever Page - 27

28 55. Case-control Dushanbe, Tajikistan 56. : Slide Page - 28

29 57. : Slide Cryptosporidium Page - 29

30 59. Geographic Pattern to Diarrhea 60. Multiple Barriers Concept Page - 30

31 61. The epidemiological iceberg Las Vegas 1994 Page - 31

32 63. Range of syndromes I 64. Range of syndromes II Page - 32

33 65. A review of immunology and a few words on clinical syndromes The Gut Surface Page - 33

34 67. Lumen 68. : Slide Page - 34

35 69. Idiot s Guide to Pathogens 70. MALT: the Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissues Page - 35

36 71. M Cell Internal Topology 72. Some pathogens get inside...shigella Page - 36

37 73. Some pathogens get inside...shigella 74. Shigella zooming around inside of cell by polymerizing actin... Page - 37

38 75. Syndromes and a Few Specific Diseases 76. The Big Picture Page - 38

39 77. What is dehydration? How is it classified? 78. Cholera Page - 39

40 79. Cholera: In the New World, and a New Serotype 80. Cholera Page - 40

41 81. Cholera Cot 82. Extreme Dehydration from Cholera Page - 41

42 83. Cholera in Chad (WHO Website) 84. Cholera in Chad update (WHO website) Page - 42

43 85. Cholera in Iraq (WHO website) 86. Invasive Diarrhea = Dysentery = Diarrhea containing blood Page - 43

44 87. Invasion of the Colon 88. Death of the Colon due to Dysentery Page - 44

45 89. Increasing Antibiotic Resistance 90. Pathogens Page - 45

46 91. Persistent Diarrhea 92. Hospital del Nino Francisco Icaza with Persist... Page - 46

47 93. E. Bieneusi and E. Intestinalis sporesi 94. Why new waterborne disease agents? Page - 47

48 95. Demographics Population Density and Aging 96. : Slide Page - 48

49 Page - 49

50 Superimposed on Modern View of Risk Page - 50

51 101. Ill people are living longer 102. A few important waterborne diseases to know about: Page - 51

52 103. Salmonella Infections 104. : Slide Page - 52

53 105. : Slide : Slide Page - 53

54 107. : Slide : Slide Page - 54

55 109. Rotavirus: Diarrheal Pathogen 110. Rotavirus: Washington DC Page - 55

56 111. Rotavirus, cont d Global Distribution of Deaths from Rotavirus Page - 56

57 113. Polio 114. Poliovirus Page - 57

58 115. Polio Outbreaks: How to Stop Them 116. Wild Poliovirus*, 12 Aug 2002 to 11 Aug 2003 Page - 58

59 117. Wild Poliovirus, Wild Poliovirus, Page - 59

60 119. Wild Poliovirus, Wild Poliovirus, 2003 Page - 60

61 121. : Slide Geographic Distribution of Hepatitis A Virus Infection Page - 61

62 123. : Slide : Slide Page - 62

63 125. : Slide Hepatitis A Incidence Page - 63

64 127. : Slide Hepatitis E in Chad, Update 3 Page - 64

65 129. Hepatitis E Clinical Features 130. Geographic Distribution of Hepatitis E Page - 65

66 131. Hepatitis E Virus Sequences 132. Hepatitis E Virus Epidemiology in Industrialized Countries... Page - 66

67 133. Xenozoonosis 134. Cryptosporidium Page - 67

68 135. Entamoeba histolytica 136. Giardia Page - 68

69 137. Schistosomias 138. Schistosomiasis-Endemic Area Page - 69

70 139. Schistosomiasis 140. Anning River Valley Page - 70

71 141. Dry Months 142. Population Density Page - 71

72 143. Seasonality and Temporality 144. Seasonal Characteristics of Ambient Temperature Page - 72

73 145. Back to Square One 146. Handwashing Page - 73

74 147. Conclusions Page - 74