Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction

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1 McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company correlated to Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction Category 7: World History, Grades 9-12

2 McDougal Littell Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction correlated to the Certificate of Initial Mastery CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT: Understand and apply knowledge about governmental and political systems, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Understand the origins, purposes, and functions of U.S. government, including the structure and meaning of the U.S. Constitution. 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 274, 276, 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 274, 276, 305, 324, R52, R56 Understand the purposes of government and the basic constitutional principles of the United States republican form of government. 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 274, 276, 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 274, 276, 305, 324, R52, R56 1 * Bolded references represent exemplars. References in regular type represent other examples.

3 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the purpose of laws and government, provisions to limit power, and the ability to meet changing needs as essential ideas of the Constitution. Understand the supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution as a means of resolving conflicts between state and federal law. 183, 209, , , 305, 324, R52 be found on ; for additional related information see 209, , R52, R56 209, , , 305, 324, R52 be found on ; for additional related information see 209, , R52, R56 Understand the concept of judicial review as a means of resolving conflict over the interpretation of the Constitution and the actions of government. Understand how to amend the U.S. Constitution and the Constitution, including how amendments may be introduced, what is required for passage, and how the process accommodates changing needs and the preservation of values and principles. 211, 305, 324; for additional related information see 209, 210, be found on 209, , , 305, 324; for additional related information see 209, 210, be found on 209, ,

4 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the organization, responsibilities, and interrelationships of local, state, and federal governments in the United States. Understand the responsibilities and interrelationships of local, state, and national government in the U.S. Understand the interrelationship between local, state, and federal government. Understand the primary function of federal, state, and local levels of government and how the actions of one influence the workings of the others. Understand how federalism creates shared and reserved powers at each level of government , 475; for additional related information see 209, , 305, 324, R52, R , 475; for additional related information see 209, , 305, 324, R52, R ; for additional related information see 209, , R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R , 475; for additional related information see 209, , 305, 324, R52, R , 475; for additional related information see 209, , 305, 324, R52, R ; for additional related information see 209, , R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 3

5 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the roles of the three branches of government and explain how their powers are distributed and shared. Understand the roles and powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Understand how the branches of government have powers and limitations. Understand how laws are developed and applied to provide order, set limits, protect basic rights, and promote the common good. Understand the process by which laws are developed at the federal level, and key differences between how laws are developed at the federal level and in. 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 197, 198, 599; for additional related information see 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324 be found on 305, 324; for additional related information see 209, , , 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324, R52, R56 197, 198, 599; for additional related information see 183, 197, 198, , 209, , , 305, 324 be found on 305, 324; for additional related information see 209, ,

6 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Identify and understand the powers and limits to power of the Presidency. 183, 209, ; for additional related information see 305, , 384, 385, 418, 475, 496, 497, 509, , , 546, 553, , 586, 588, R52, R56 183, 209, ; for additional related information see 305, , 384, 385, 418, 475, 496, 497, 509, , , 546, 553, , 586, 588, R52, R56 Understand personal and political rights of citizens in the United States. Understand the roles, rights, and responsibilities of citizens in the United States. 209, , 213, 274, 276, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 274, 276, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 274, 276, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 274, 276, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 Understand the role of the courts and of the law in protecting the rights of U.S. citizens. be found on 305, 324 be found on 305, 324 Understand how the Bill of Rights offers protection of individual rights and how rights are limited for the benefit of the common good. 183, 209, , 209, 211 5

7 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the role of due process in the protection of individuals. 183, 209, , 209, 211 Understand how the rights of citizens have been augmented by case law decisions. Can 305, 324; for additional related information see R62 be found on305, 324; for additional related information see R62 Understand participatory responsibilities of citizens in the community (voluntarism) and in the political process (becoming informed about public issues and candidates, joining political parties/interest groups/associations, communicating with public officials, voting, influencing lawmaking through such processes as petitions/initiatives). Understand the participatory obligations of U.S. citizens. 209, , 213, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 6

8 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the civic responsibilities of U.S. citizens and how they are met. 209, , 213, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 Identify the responsibilities of citizens in the United States and understand what an individual can do to meet these responsibilities. 209, , 213, 305, , 326, 327, 425, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 209, , 213, 305, 314, , 326, 327, 425, 487B, 509, 599, 647, R52, R53, R55, R56, R57, R62, R63 7

9 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how government is influenced and changed by support and dissent of individuals, groups, and international organizations. Understand how individuals, groups, and international organizations influence government. Understand how government policies and decisions have been influenced and changed by individuals, groups, and international organizations. 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, , 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, , 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, , 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , 459B, , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, , 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , 459B, , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, , 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 183, 197, 209, 218, 220, 222, 238, 241, , , 311, , , 411, , 459B, , 491, 492, 494, 496, 501, , 532, 535, 544, , 568, 579, 581, 592, , , , 613, , 621, , , 632, 648, 649, 650 8

10 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how U.S. political parties have influenced government policy and decisions. For additional related information see actions of presidents: , 384, 385, 418, 475, 496, 497, 509, , , 546, , 586, 588 For additional related information see actions of presidents: , 384, 385, 418, 475, 496, 497, 509, , , 546, , 586, 588 Understand the causes, course, and impact of the civil rights/equal rights movements. Understand the Constitutional changes that resulted from major events in the 20 th century , 599, R57, R62, R , 599, R57, R62, R63 599, R57, R62, R63 599, R62, R63 Understand how nations interact with each other, how events and issues in other countries can affect citizens in the United States, and how actions and concepts of democracy and individual rights of the United States can affect other peoples and nations. Understand how the United States government relates and interacts with other nations. 218, 248, 250, 274, 276, , 307, , , , 386, , , , , 496, , , , , 537, , , , , , , , , , 647, , , 248, 250, 274, 276, , 307, , , , 386, , , , , 496, , , , , 537, 539, , , , , , , , , , 647, , 659 9

11 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the purposes and functions of major international organizations and the role of the United States in them. Understand and give examples of how international organizations influence policies or decisions. 241, , 411, , 491, 496, 532, 535, 613, 648, 649, , , 411, , 491, 496, 532, 535, 613, 648, 649, , , 411, , 459B, 491, 496, 532, 535, 613, 648, 649, , , 411, , 459B, 491, 496, 532, 535, 613, 648, 649, 650 Understand the purposes and functions of the United Nations, and the role of the United States in the United Nations. Understand the purpose and function of international humanitarian agencies and special interest advocacy groups, and how the United States interacts with people in other nations through these organizations. 241, 532, 648, , 532, 648, , 648, , 648,

12 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Analyze major political systems of the world. Understand that there are different ways for governments to be organized and to hold power. 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, , , 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, , , 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, 151B, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, 256, , , 301, 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 429B, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , 539, 559B, 595B, , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, 151B, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, 256, , , 301, 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 429B, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , 539, 559B, 595B, , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 11

13 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how various forms of government function in different situations. Compare and contrast how various forms of government function in similar and different situations. 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, , , 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R , , , , , ; for additional related information see 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, 155, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, , 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , , , , , 644, R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, 151B, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, 256, , , 301, 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 429B, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , 539, 559B, 595B, , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R , , , , , ; for additional related information see 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, 155, 151B, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, 256, , 301, 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 429B, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , 539, 559B, 595B, , , , , 644, R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 12

14 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Analyze the concepts of political power, authority, conflict, and conflict management. 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, , , 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 11, 18 23, 24 29, , 155, 151B, , , 183, , 200, 209, , 218, , 223, 228, , 254, 256, , , 301, 302, 303, , 319, 346, 351, 429B, 433, 434, 436, 438, , , 470, 475, 476, 477, , 539, 559B, 595B, , , , , , , , 644, , R48, R50, R51, R52, R56, R58, R61 13

15 Certificate of Initial Mastery, ECONOMICS: Understand economic concepts and principles and how available resources are allocated in a market economy. Understand that resources are limited (e.g., scarcity). 92, , , , 284, , ; for additional related information see 286, , , 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 92, , , , 284, , ; for additional related information see 279B, 286, , , 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 Understand the economic concept of scarcity. 92, , , , 284, , ; for additional related information see 286, , , 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 92, , , , 284, , ; for additional related information see 279B, 286, , , 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 Understand how specialization and competition influence the allocation of resources. be found on , 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610, be found on , 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610, Understand how specialization increases efficiency, potential output, and consumer well being, but may have negative side effects. be found on , 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610, be found on , 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610,

16 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand economic trade-offs and how choices result in both costs and benefits to individuals and society. Understand how trade-offs and opportunity costs are decisions that can be measured in terms of costs and benefits. Understand a cost-benefit analysis of economic choices. be found on 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , , 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 be found on 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , , 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 be found on 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, , 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 be found on 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, , 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 Compare and contrast the allocation of goods and services in market and command economies , , 303; for additional related information see , , , , 617, 596, , , 303; for additional related information see , , , , 617, 596,

17 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how people make decisions by analyzing economic conditions and changes , , , ; for additional related information see 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610, , , , ; for additional related information see 160, 299, 300, 339, , 371, , 376, 610, Understand how conditions in an economy influence and are influenced by the decisions of consumers, producers, economic institutions, and government. Understand the concept of supply and demand , , , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R , , , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R , , , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R , , , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 Understand how consumer demand and market price directly impact one another , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R , ; for additional related information see 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 16

18 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand that competition among sellers leads to lower prices and impacts production. be found on , , 286, 293, ; for additional related information see 284, , be found on , , 286, 293, ; for additional related information see 284, , Understand that competition among buyers increases prices and allocates goods and services only to those who can afford them. be found on , 284, , be found on , 284, , Understand economic concepts, principles, and factors affecting the allocation of available resources in an economy. 92, , , , , , , , , 441, , , 632, , , , , , , , , , 355, 441, 459B, , 539, , 632, Understand and evaluate the underlying philosophies and characteristics of various economic systems, including that of the U.S. economy. 92, , , , , , , , , 441, , , 632, , , , , , , , , , 355, 441, 459B, , 539, , 632,

19 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Evaluate different economic systems, comparing advantages and disadvantages of each , , 303; for additional related information see , , , , , , , , , 441, , , 617, , 596, 629, 632, , R64 R , , 303; for additional related information see , , , , , , , , 355, , 441, , 459B, , 539, 617, , 596, 629, 632, , R64 R75 Use cost-benefit analysis to compare and contrast economic systems. 303, ; for additional related information see , 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , , ; for additional related information see , 284, 286, , , , 303, 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647 Understand the role of government and institutions (i.e., banks, labor unions) in various economic systems in an economy. Understand the role of government and institutions in an economy , 301, 303, 438, , 471, , 613, 617, 641, , 644, 646, 647, , 301, 303, 438, , 471, , 613, 617, 641, , 644, 646, 647, , 301, 303, 355, 438, , 459B, 471, , 613, 617, 641, , 644, 646, 647, , 301, 303, 355, 438, , 459B, 471, , 613, 617, 641, , 644, 646, 647,

20 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how government can affect the national economy through policy. 158, 207, 210, 301, 303, 304, 306, 372, 438, , , 600, 602, , 617, , , 644, , , 207, 210, 301, 303, 304, 306, 355, 372, 438, , 459B, , 539, l 600, 602, , 617, , , 644, , 647 Understand how government can affect international trade through tariffs, quotas and trade agreements. Understand how government responds to problems in the economy (rapid inflation or rising unemployment) with fiscal and/or monetary policies. 206, 234, , 610, 642, 643, 644, , 613; for additional related information see 158, 207, 210, 301, 303, 304, 306, 372, , , 600, 602, , 617, , , 644, , , 234, , 610, 642, 643, 644, ; for additional related information see 158, 207, 210, 301, 303, 304, 306, 372, , , 600, 602, , 617, , , 644, , 647 Identify and give examples of ways that the U.S. government can affect the economy through legislation or policy decisions , , 475 Identify tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements, and understand the consequences of their use on the economy. 206, 234, , 610, 642, 643, 644, , 234, , 610, 642, 643, 644,

21 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the interdependence of the global economy and the role played by the United States. Understand how the United States economy relates and interacts with other nations. 642, , , 663, , , , 663, , , , 663, , , , 663, 664 Understand the purposes and functions of major international economic organizations and the role of the United States in them. Understand the purpose and function of international economic agencies and groups and how the United States interacts with people in other nations through these groups. 642, 643, 644, B, 642, 643, 644, , 643, 644, B, 642, 643, 644,

22 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services. Understand the purpose and functions of money in the economy. Understand how money makes saving and borrowing easier. Understand how money functions in the banking system and as part of fiscal policy. be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 be found on 11, , 644 Apply economic concepts and principles to issues of personal finance. Demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to make reasoned and responsible financial decisions as a consumer, producer, saver, and investor in a market economy. be found on 472, R64 R75 be found on 472, R64 R75 be found on 472, R64 R75 be found on 472, R64 R75 21

23 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the potential risks and returns of various investment opportunities, including entrepreneurship, in a market economy. Identify and give examples of potential incentives and disincentives of entrepreneurship. Identify and give examples of potential risks and returns of economic decisions under various economic conditions. be found on 287, , , , 288, 297; for additional related information see 328, 329, , 284, , ; for additional related information see 286, , , 304, 307, 372, 438, 439, , 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 be found on 287, , , , 288, 297; for additional related information see 328, 329, , 284, , ; for additional related information see 279B, 286, , , 304, 307, 355, 372, 438, 439, , 459B, 471, 552, 581, 612, 617, , 644, , 647, R64 R75 Understand the risks and benefits to the use of credit. be found on 641, 644 be found on 641,

24 Certificate of Initial Mastery, GEOGRAPHY: Understand and use geographic skills and concepts to interpret contemporary and historical issues. S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, Understand the spatial concepts of R25 R26, R31; for additional related location, distance, direction, scale, information see Regions, , 289 movement, and region. 294, , , S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, R25 R26, R31; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , Understand and use spatial concepts of geography. Understand and use geographic information using a variety of scales, patterns of distribution, and arrangement. S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, R25 R26, R31; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, R25 R26, R31; for additional related information see Population Information, 218, 323 S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, R25 R26, R31; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , S20 S21, S22 S23, 94, 97, 243, 633, R25 R26, R31; for additional related information see Population Information, 218,

25 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand the advantages and disadvantages of using various geographic representations to depict and solve geographic problems. Use maps and other geographic tools and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 24

26 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Locate places and understand and use geographic information or relationships by reading, interpreting, and preparing maps and other geographic representations. Interpret and evaluate information using complex geographic representations. S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 25

27 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Use a variety of geographic representations to analyze information and draw conclusions about geographic issues. Locate major physical and human (cultural) features of the Earth. S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 26

28 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Locate major physical and human features of the Earth. Locate and identify places, regions, and geographic features that have played prominent roles in historical or contemporary issues and events. S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 27

29 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Locate, identify, and explain changes in countries over time. Locate and identify places and regions most prominent in contemporary events in, the United States, and the world. Interact with History & Writing About History, 4, 31, 36, 69, 72, 91, 115, 149, 154, 185, 213, 243, 271, 309, 335, 367, 395, 429, 459, 487, 519, 559, 595, 633, 665; Social History, 52, 106, 178, 221, 255, 322, 359, 415, 445, 468, 473, 576, 621, 640; Global Patterns, 43, 177, 660; Environmental influences, 87, 37, 122, 284, 298, , 371, S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 Interact with History & Writing About History, 4, 31, 36, 69, 72, 91, 115, 149, 154, 185, 213, 243, 271, 309, 335, 367, 395, 429, 459, 487, 519, 559, 595, 633, 665; Social History, 52, 106, 178, 221, 255, 322, 359, 415, 445, 468, 473, 576, 621, 640; Global Patterns, 43, 177, 660; Environmental influences, 87, 37, 122, 284, 298, , 371, S20 S21, S22 S23, 63, 71, 74, 80, 83, 93, 100, 109, 117, 121, 130, 134, 144, 153, 156, 170, 176, 182, 185, 187, 208, 215, 232, 236, 240, 243, 245, 250, 251, 260, 263, 281, 296, 311, 319, 325, 326, 337, 343, 347, 349, 353, 355, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 374, 385, 386, 405, 409, 412, 417, 418, 426, 431, 436, 451, 457, 461, 483, 489, 492, 499, 508, 510, 519, 529, 532, 535, 543, 545, 549, 550, 561, 564, 571, 580, 584, 591, 597, 601, 607, 615, 620, 633, 635, 643, 651, R25 R26, R31 28

30 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Compare and analyze physical (e.g., landforms, vegetation, wildlife, climate, and natural hazards) and human (e.g., population, land use, language, and religion) characteristics of places and regions. Identify and analyze physical and human characteristics of places and regions, the processes that have shaped them, and their geographic significance. 37, 52 53, 87, 99, 101, 106, 122, 128, 129, 137, 138, , 142, 143, , 218, 286, 301, 309, 320, 323, , 372, 457, 552, 590, 603, 635, , 652; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , , , 52 53, 87, 99, 101, 106, 122, 128, 129, 137, 138, , 142, 143, , 218, 286, 301, 309, 320, 323, , 372, 457, 552, 590, 603, 635, , 652; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , , , 52 53, 87, 99, 101, 106, 122, 128, 129, 137, 138, , 142, 143, , 218, 286, 301, 309, 320, 323, , 372, 457, 552, 590, 603, 635, , 652; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , , 52 53, 87, 99, 101, 106, 122, 128, 129, 137, 138, , 142, 143, , 218, 286, 301, 309, 320, 323, , 372, 457, 552, 590, 603, 635, , 652; for additional related information see Regions, , , , , Analyze changes in the physical and human characteristics of places and regions, and the effects of technology, migration, and urbanization on them. 5 7, 50, 52 53, 86, 78 79, 97, 104, 106, 128, 144, 166, 176, , 218, 221, 225, 283, 285, 294, 298, 320, 322, 323, 329, , 359, 386, 415, 416, 444, 445, 457, 473, 537, 540, 552, 576, 583, 590, 603, 635, , 647, , 50, 52 53, 78 79, 86, 97, 104, 106, 128, 144, 166, 176, , 218, 221, 225, 283, 285, 294, 298, 320, 322, 323, 329, , 359, 386, 415, 416, 444, 445, 457, 473, 537, 540, 552, 576, 583, 590, 603, 633B, 635, , 647,

31 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Apply geographic tools to identify change in a place over time, and to infer reasons for the change. 5 7, 50, 52 53, 86, 78 79, 97, 104, 106, 128, 144, 166, 176, , 218, 221, 225, 283, 285, 294, 298, 320, 322, 323, 329, , 359, 386, 415, 416, 444, 445, 457, 473, 537, 540, 552, 576, 583, 590, 603, 635, , 647, , 50, 52 53, 78 79, 86, 97, 104, 106, 128, 144, 166, 176, , 218, 221, 225, 283, 285, 294, 298, 320, 322, 323, 329, , 359, 386, 415, 416, 444, 445, 457, 473, 537, 540, 552, 576, 583, 590, 603, 633B, 635, , 647, 652 Understand why places and regions are important to human identity and serve as symbols to unify or fragment society. 4, 12 17, 25 29, 52 53, 75, 78 79, 86, 104, 154, 166, , 185, 188, 213, 216, 221, 243, 246, 255, , 268, 271, 282, , 309, 312, , 335, 338, , 359, 367, 370, 373, 380, 395, 406, 415, 429, 432, , 459, 462, , 487, 490, 519, 530, 546, 559, 562, , 595, 598, 621, 630, 633, 636, 640, , 665 4, 12 17, 25 29, 52 53, 75, 78 79, 86, 104, 154, 166, , 185, 188, 213, 216, 221, 243, 246, 255, , 268, 271, 282, , 309, 312, , 335, 338, , 359, 367, 370, 373, 380, 395, 406, 415, 429, 432, , 459, 462, , 487, 490, 519, 530, 546, 559, 562, , 595, 598, 621, 630, 633, 636, 640, ,

32 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Analyze the causes of human migration (e.g., density, food and water supply, transportation and communication systems) and its effects (e.g., impact on physical and human systems). Understand the distribution and movement of people, ideas, and products , 73 75, 78 79, , 126, 128, , 218, , 293, 301, 309, 320, 323, 372, 635, , 73 75, 78 79, , 126, 128, , 218, , 293, 301, 309, 320, 323, 372, 635, , 73 75, 78 79, , 126, 128, , 218, , 293, 301, 309, 320, 323, 372, 635, , 73 75, 78 79, , 126, 128, , 218, , 293, 301, 309, 320, 323, 372, 635, 652 Understand how worldwide transportation and communication patterns have affected the flow and interactions of people, ideas, and products. Understand how transportation and communication systems of the present compare to those of the past, and how this changes perceptions of space and time , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 330, 335, , , 537, 637, , , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 330, 335, , , 537, 637, , , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 309B, 330, 335, , 429B, 466, , 527B, 537, 637, , , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 309B, 330, 335, , 429B, 466, , 527B, 537, 637, , Understand how communication and transportation technologies contribute to trade and cultural convergence , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 330, 335, , , 537, 637, , , 94, 95 96, 97, , , , , 299, 309B, 330, 335, , 429B, 466, , 527B, 537, 637, ,

33 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand economic, cultural, and environmental factors that influence changes in population, and evaluate the consequences of the resulting increases or decreases in population. Understand, analyze and evaluate the consequences of population changes resulting from economic, cultural, or environmental factors. Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 633B, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 633B, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Analyze and evaluate the impact of economic, cultural or environmental factors that result in changes to population of cities, countries, or regions. Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 633B, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Evaluate the consequences of economic, cultural, or environmental changes on a given population. Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371, Population and population movement, 37, 106, 161, , 301, 309, 320, 372, 633B, 652; for additional related information see Environmental influences, 37, 284, 298, , 371,

34 Certificate of Initial Mastery, Understand how people and the environment are interrelated. Understand how humans affect the physical environment. Understand human modifications of the physical environment and analyze their global impacts and consequences for human activity. 37, 94, 95 96, 97, 98, 118, 119, 126, 128, 131, 137, 138, 176, , 285, 286, , , , 298, 307, , , 371, 444, 457, 540, 552, 590, 603, , , 94, 95 96, 97, 98, 118, 119, 126, 128, 131, 137, 138, 176, , 285, 286, , , , 298, 307, , , 371, 444, 457, 540, 552, 590, 603, , , 138, , , 285, 286, , , 292, 293, 294, , 307, , 444, 457, 540, 552, 590, 603, , , 94, 95 96, 97, 98, 118, 119, 126, 128, 131, 137, 138, 176, 279B, , 285, 286, , , , 298, 307, 309B, , , 371, 444, 457, 466, 540, 552, 590, 603, , , 94, 95 96, 97, 98, 118, 119, 126, 128, 131, 137, 138, 176, 279B, , 285, 286, , , , 298, 307, 309B, , , 371, 444, 457, 466, 540, 552, 590, 603, , , 138, 176, 279B, , , 285, 286, , , 292, 293, 294, , 307, 309B, , 444, 457, 466, 540, 552, 590, 603, , 647 Distinguish between renewable resources and non-renewable resources and the global consequences of mismanagement. 137, 138, 176, , , 285, 286, , , 292, 293, 294, , 457, 552, 590, 603, , , 138, 176, , , 285, 286, , , 292, 293, 294, , , 457, 552, 590, 603, 633B, ,

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