Missouri Librarian Performance Assessment. Glossary

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1 Missouri Librarian Performance Assessment Glossary Abstract a short statement that describes a larger work. Components vary according to discipline. An abstract of a social science or scientific work may describe the scope, purpose, results, and contents of the work. An abstract of a humanities work may describe the thesis, background, and conclusion of the larger work. An abstract is not a review; it does not evaluate the larger work. While it contains key words found in the larger work, an abstract is an original document rather than an excerpted passage. Access within the context of school libraries, access is any function that enables a person s use of the library s collection, services, or programs. Adaptation an adjustment to curriculum, instruction, or assessment that allows students with disabilities to participate in inclusive environments by addressing learners differences. Adaptations were formerly called modifications or accommodations, but the term adaptation is the currently accepted federal terminology. Advocacy the act or process of promoting a cause, practice, or policy. The goal of school library advocacy is to build a base of supporters who are educated about the library and its needs and to promote the case for school libraries to school and local officials and to people in both the school and greater community. Annotated list a list of citations of books, articles, documents, and/or digital resources. Each citation is followed by a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph (usually about two sentences), the purpose of which is to inform the reader of the relevance, suitability, or quality of the resource. Artifact for the purpose of the Missouri Librarian Performance Assessment, an artifact is an attachment that corresponds to a guiding prompt and provides evidence necessary to support the written commentary for that prompt. Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 1

2 Assessment, formal any assessment whose purpose is to systematically measure the extent to which a learner has mastered a skill or acquired knowledge, usually as measured against a standard. Examples are tests, essays, and performance assessments. Assessment, informal any assessment whose purpose is to make judgments about a learner s behavior, characteristics, or level of understanding. Examples are observations, conferences, and portfolios. Citation a source quoted to clarify, illustrate, or substantiate a point. Collaboration the act of working jointly with others, especially on an intellectual endeavor for the purpose of adding value to the process. Collaborative lesson within the context of Task 2, a collaborative lesson is any lesson in which a teacher and a school librarian work together as instructional partners to identify learning goals and plan learning activities. The teacher and librarian are not required to co-teach or be present when their instructional partner is teaching. Collaborative Planning Form a fillable form for recording the logistical and instructional information necessary for the lesson in Task 2. Collection development the planned acquisition of resources in various formats to match the instructional and recreational needs of the school population. Core collection tools authoritative collection development guides that help the school librarian assess the quality of the media collection and the availability of resources from various publishers and producers. Examples are Children s Core Collection, Fiction Core Collection, and Senior High Core Collection. Criterion, criteria a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided. Criteria frequently involve relevance, appropriateness, accuracy, currency, and acceptability in style or technical quality. Data facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 2

3 Data-driven decision making (DDDM) the collection and analysis of data to guide decisions toward more successful outcomes. In the field of education, DDDM is when student assessment data and relevant background information are used to inform decisions related to planning and implementing instructional strategies at the district, school, classroom, and individual student levels. Differentiation an instructional method that tailors the content, process, product, or learning environment to address the needs of different groups of learners. Digital resources any digital or digitalized resource accessible in the library (for example, an online catalog or any resource accessible from the Internet, such as Web sites, e-books, electronic databases, or electronic indexes). e.g. an abbreviation from the Latin exempli gratia that takes the place of the words for example. The examples provided following e.g. are intended to further clarify what the guiding prompt is asking. Candidates are not limited to selecting from the examples provided to answer or support their responses to the guiding prompts. Equal access the act of providing all library users with the greatest opportunity for full participation in programs, services, and activities. Evaluation tool any tool or method created for the purpose of measuring and quantifying learning. Examples are rubrics, checklists, scoring guides, and running records. Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) an explicit and judicious process for making decisions about a program, practice, or policy that are grounded in the best available research evidence and informed by experiential evidence from the field and relevant contextual evidence. Graphic representations of collected data gathered data displayed in a visual manner (for example, spreadsheets, graphs, pie charts, and scatter diagrams). Grouping models any of a number of ways learners who are connected by some shared activity, interest, or quality can be grouped. Grouping models are generally for individuals, pairs, small groups, or large groups. Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 3

4 Guiding prompt a question or statement within the Missouri Librarian Performance Assessment that elicits a candidate s response. Information literacy standards local, state, or federal guidelines intended to build learners ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information. Instructional strategy a method for helping activate students curiosity about a class topic, for engaging the students in learning, for probing students critical thinking skills, for keeping students on task, for engendering sustained and useful classroom interaction, and for enabling and enhancing students learning in general. Intellectual freedom the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction. Intellectual freedom provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question, cause, or movement may be explored. Item Description Form the form used in Task 1 for listing the resources added to the collection that meet the needs of the identified user group. Learning activities the design of the learning environment and the experiences provided to students that support and facilitate student learning. Learning goals specific, outcome-based, and measurable statements that describe a learner s behavior after instruction (also called performance or instructional objectives or behavioral objectives). Learning standards any of a number of guidelines that define the knowledge and skills students should possess at critical points in their educational career. Examples are Standards for the 21st- Century Learner, Common Core State Standards, and ISTE Standards for Students. Learning style a learner s consistent way of responding to and using stimuli within the context of learning. The three generally accepted learning modalities are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (also called learning preferences). Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 4

5 Mini-lesson a short lesson with a narrow focus that provides instruction in a skill or concept that is generally followed by an application of the skill or concept. Mini-lessons can be used to teach a specific skill, extend previous learning, create interest in a topic, generate questions, or introduce strategies. Post-assessment an assessment given to learners after their completion of an instructional lesson or lesson segment and often used in conjunction with a pretest to measure learners achievement and the effectiveness of the lesson (also known as a posttest). Pre-assessment an assessment given to learners before an instructional lesson or lesson segment and often used in conjunction with a post-assessment to evaluate the preparedness of students for further learning (also known as a pretest). Professional development the process of improving and increasing one s professional capabilities through education and training in the workplace, through involvement in outside organizations, or by watching others perform the job. Promotion a planned approach to identifying, building, and gaining support of specific user groups in a manner that furthers the goals of the library and the organization that supports it (also called marketing). Qualitative data any data that can be captured but is not numerical in nature. Examples are interviews, observations, and feedback from a focus group. Quantitative any data that can be expressed as a number. Examples are scores on achievement tests, numbers of hours of study, and circulation statistics. Questionnaire a form containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a means of gathering information. Rationale an explanation of the logical reasons or principles involved in arriving at a decision, usually documenting why a decision was made, how the basis of selection was developed, what information a decision was based on, and why the decision is appropriate and realistic. Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 5

6 Readers advisory an interview process used by the library staff to provide suggestions and guidance in finding interesting recreational reading materials for library users based on their expressed preferences or requests. Reading grade level (RGL) a number assigned to the level of complexity of a reading material that equates to a given level of schooling. For example, an RGL of seven means the reading material is intended for a seventh-grade student. Reference interview a conversation between a librarian and a library user in which the librarian responds to the user s initial explanation of what information he or she needs. The librarian first attempts to clarify the user s need and then directs the user to appropriate information resources. Reflection, reflective practice the practice of engaging in a continuous cycle of self-observation and self-evaluation in order to understand one s actions and the reactions they prompt in oneself and others. Representative sample a small group whose characteristics accurately reflect those of the larger group from which the members are drawn. Rubric a document that articulates the expectations for an assignment by listing the criteria on which it will be scored and describing levels of quality from excellent to poor (also called a scoring guide). Scholarly journal - contains original research articles, written by researchers and experts in a particular academic discipline. Articles are evaluated by at least one subject specialist in addition to the editor before being accepted for publication. Also called an academic, peer-reviewed, or referred journal. Examples of scholarly journals in the field of librarianship are Knowledge Quest, Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, and Library Philosophy and Practice. Scoring guide a document that articulates the expectations for an assignment by listing the criteria on which it will be scored and describing levels of quality from excellent to poor (also called a rubric). Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 6

7 Selection tool any of several professional review journals and authoritative selection references used for developing library media collections. Examples are School Library Journal, Booklist, and Children s Technology Review. Standards Missouri Standards for School Librarians articulate performance expectations that demonstrate the expected knowledge, skills, attitudes, and dispositions of a potential school librarian in the twenty-first century, specifically the librarian s roles as leader, information specialist, teacher, instructional partner, and program administrator. Statistics a collection of numerical facts or measurements. Survey a poll of the attitudes, impressions, opinions, and satisfaction levels of an identified population. Technological literacy the ability of an individual, working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technology tools to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information. User group a user group is a group of individuals who are defined by a common attribute. The attribute can be a characteristic, interest, need, position, or responsibility. For the purpose of Task One, the user group should be more limited than an entire grade level, an entire faculty, or the population of a school. Sample user groups that are suitable for Task One are high school mathematics teachers, English language learners, middle school reluctant readers, or similar MoDESE. The Department of Elementary and Secondary Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, or disability in its programs and activities. Inquiries related to Department programs and to the location of services, activities, and facilities that are accessible by persons with disabilities may be directed to the Jefferson State Office Building, Office of the General Counsel, Coordinator Civil Rights Compliance (Title VI/Title IX/504/ADA/Age Act), 6th Floor, 205 Jefferson Street, P.O. Box 480, Jefferson City, MO ; telephone number or TTY ; civilrights@dese.mo.gov. Missouri School Counselor Performance Assessment Glossary 7