Waves. Wave: A traveling disturbance consisting of coordinated vibrations that transmit energy with no net movement of the matter.
|
|
- Magdalene Phelps
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Waves Wave: A traveling disturbance consisting of coordinated vibrations that transmit energy with no net movement of the matter. Source: some kind of disturbance from the state of equilibrium. Propagation: due to some properties of the medium such as elasticity.
2 Quick movement of hand up & down What happens? Flick of hand produces a disturbance. This disturbance travels down the rope. What happens if we continue to move hand up & down? Disturbances travel in form of vibrations But no matter is moved along the rope, just energy
3 Examples of waves: Mechanical waves Ripples on water, surface waves on water Vibrating strings Seismic waves (during earthquakes) Sound Electromagnetic waves Radio waves, Microwave, Infrared, Light, UV, X, γ And there are more to come
4 Transverse and longitudinal waves TRANSVERSE WAVE LONGITUDINAL WAVE Transverse: disturbances are perpendicular to propagation Longitudinal: disturbances are parallel to propagation
5 Some properties of waves: QUESTION: I generate waves on a rope. As I increase the displacement of my hand 1. The wave will travel faster. 2. There will be no difference. 3. The wave will be bigger. The disturbance will be bigger: The AMPLITUDE will be larger. Amplitude: The maximum displacement of points in a wave. Measured from zero (equilibrium position). Amplitude depends on the source, but may change in the medium (damping).
6 QUESTION: If I swing my hand up & down faster 1. The wave will travel faster. 2. The wave will have larger amplitude. 3. None of the above. Answer 3: The speed of the wave is unaffected by how fast I wiggle my hand up & down. What is affected is the FREQUENCY. The number of oscillations per second in a wave at any point along the wave. Frequency is a property of the SOURCE only.
7 Speed of the wave speed of the wave propagation Speed of the wave is a property of the medium. In mechanical waves it depends on the elasticity of the medium. 1. Waves in the string: v = F, ρ where ρ = m l linear mass density 2. Waves in the air (sound). v = p D, where p - pressure, D - density for air v = 201. T, wheret is in o K 3. Seismic waves: Elastic property 4. In general: Inertial property v v = = B D, where B - bulk modulus, D - density
8 Example: If the string is 1 m long and its mass is 5g, The tension is 100 N. Find the speed of wave propagation: v = F ρ, ρ = m l = 0.005kg 1m = kg m v = = m s
9 How long does it take for each point along the wave wiggle up & down once? PERIOD How far has the wave moved in one PERIOD? ANSWER: One Wavelength
10 WAVELENGTH, λ: The distance between two equivalent points in a wave, e.g. the distance between two adjacent peaks or two adjacent valleys.
11 Amplitude and Wavelength: Which wave has the largest amplitude? Which wave has the largest wavelength?
12 QUESTION: I increase the frequency of a wave traveling on a rope (keeping everything else unchanged). What happened to the wavelength and the speed of the wave? 1. The wavelength increased, but the speed stayed the same. 2. The wavelength stayed the same, but the speed increased. 3. The wavelength decreased, but the speed stayed the same. 4. Both the wavelength and the speed stayed the same.
13 So, if the wave travels one wavelength, λ, in a time equal to the period, T, how fast is it going? v = d/t = λ/t Wavelength is a function of speed and frequency
14 Frequency = f = 1/T Relationship between frequency, wavelength and the speed of the wave: Speed of a wave: v = f λ The speed of a wave depends on things like forces, mass per unit length etc., but not typically on the frequency. If the frequency changes, the wavelength must change to keep the velocity the same.
15 Example: A wave on a rope travels at 2 m/s. I wiggle one end of the rope at a frequency of 1 Hz. What is the wavelength of the resulting wave? 1. 2 m v = f λ λ = v/f
16 Wave Propagation: How waves move REFLECTION DIFFRACTION INTERFERENCE
17 Waves are reflected when they encounter a sudden change in the medium through which they travel. Examples: Mirror Satellite dish Echo
18 What happens when two waves meet?
19 INTERFERENCE! Constructive Interference Destructive Interference destructive constructive
20
21
22 DIFFRACTION An opening in a room acts as a point source sending waves in all directions causing the wave to bend.
23
24 The Doppler effect: dependence of the wavelength on the motion of the source relative to the observer
25 Finalize general properties of waves: 1. Main characteristics of waves: f, v, λ, A, T. 2. Frequency f is a property of a source. 3. Wave speed is a property of the medium. 4. Every point perturbed by the wave becomes a source for further wave 5. All perturbations that we discuss are linear. Therefore, we have the superposition principle. Wave properties or features as interference are the consequence of this principle.
26 Sound SOUND is a (longitudinal) pressure wave in air, any gas, liquid, or solid. The amplitude of sound waves are very small compared to the atmospheric pressure: P/P ~
27 SPEED OF SOUND: Depends on elasticity (forces between atoms or molecules) and density For ideal gases depends on the mass of atom or molecule and temperature. Speed of sound in air is about = 20.1 In air at room temperature ~ 343 m/s (768 mph) T Example: If the time between the lightning and a thunder is 3 s, how far is the T-storm? The air temperature 75 o F. 1. Convert to Kelvins: T 2. Calculate the speed of 3. Calculate the distance : d = sound : v = = v t 5 9 (75 32) = = 297 o = ,040m K m s
28 Waveform = graph of the pressure variations in air versus time Pure tone: sound with a sinusoidal waveform, single λ. Complex tone: repeats itself (periodic), but multiple λ s a superposition of pure tones Noise irregular
29 0.025 sec What is the frequency of this sound wave? 1. It cannot be determined Hz Hz Hz Hz What is the wavelength of this sound wave (T=293 o K)? v = 20.1 λ = v f = = m s = 17.2m Period T = 0.05 sec f = 1/T = 20 Hz
30 Generation of a complex wave using 4 harmonics
31 Production of sound: Frequency Amplitude Complexity (spectrum) Perception of sound: Pitch Loudness Tone quality How do these perceptions correspond to physical attributes of sound?
32 How is sound produced? Any object vibrating in air will produce pressure waves: Vibrating strings, plates, membrane Standing waves in wind instruments Frequency depends on length of string or pipe etc. = resonance frequency. Higher modes can be generated by blowing harder.
33 Production of the sound: vibration + amplification A string fixed on both ends can only have such and higher harmonics, the rest are damped. First harmonics fundamental λ = L/2, v is determined by the string and its tension, f = v/λ , 2 3, 2 2, , 3 2,, L v f L v f L v f L v f v f L L L L F v = = = = = = = = = = λ λ λ λ λ ρ Guitar: 1. Different strings different ρ s. 2. Changing tension tune v, and hence f 1
34 Amplification : resonator boxes Select (filter) and amplify certain harmonics to produce a complex (or pure) sound.
35 Resonance in open pipes: Both ends open One end open: organ and wind instruments
36 How do we hear? Nerve sends electrical signals to brain for further analysis Frequency analyzes sound and converts into electrical signals Sound excites eardrum These guys amplify the sound mechanically by about 20x.
37 Loudness: Which physical quantity is responsible for how loud a sound is? 1. Frequency 2. Wavelength 3. Amplitude 4. Speed 5. Waveform Loudness is mostly determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
38 Sound level: Measured in decibel (db) If amplitude is 10x bigger, the decibel level is increased by 20 db. 90 db sound has 10x the amplitude of 70 db sound.
39 Loudness = Perception of loudness 0 db threshold of hearing 1 db minimal loudness change detectable by ears 10 db difference = sounds twice as loud 120 db - threshold of pain If you add two sounds of the same loudness, the resultant loudness increases by 3 db (sound of 50 db) + (sound of 50 db) = (sound of 53 db) Loudness also depends on frequency. Ears are most sensitive around Hz.
40 Sound Propagation Sound becomes weaker further away from a sound source. By how much? Energy is conserved, but sound is spreading over an area ~ d 2. Energy ~ Amplitude 2 Energy per unit area ~ 1/d 2 Therefore: Amplitude ~ 1/d
41 PITCH How high a low a sound is Which physical quantity is pitch due to? 1. Amplitude 2. Frequency 3. Speed of sound 4. Shape of waveform
42 PITCH: A sound with a higher frequency will sound higher, a sound with a lower frequency will sound lower.
43 Why do CD players have a range of 20 20,000 Hz, when musical instruments range from Hz only? Range of human hearing: Maximum 20 20,000 Hz Tone quality is determined by the actual waveform of the sound. For accurate representation of the sound higher frequencies are needed. High fidelity
44 Sounds of instruments etc. are due to Complex waveforms = combination of waves of several frequencies. Lowest frequency = Fundamental, determines pitch Higher frequencies = Harmonics, determine tone quality. Frequencies of harmonics are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency.
45 =tone quality
46 QUESTION: You are a designer for a new concert hall. Which wave effects do you have to take into account? 1. Reflection 2. Diffraction 3. Interference 4. All of the above 5. None of the above 6. These things have nothing to do with sound.
47 Answer: All of the above Example: Reflection Which path takes the most time? 1. Path 1 2. Path 2 3. Path 3 4. Path D 5. They all take the same amount of time. The goal: deliver the same complex sound to all places
48 Multiple Reflection lead to reverberation. Reverberation good and bad: Amplifies the sound Makes it more uniform Can make echo or multiple sounds
1) The time for one cycle of a periodic process is called the A) wavelength. B) period. C) frequency. D) amplitude.
practice wave test.. Name Use the text to make use of any equations you might need (e.g., to determine the velocity of waves in a given material) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes
More informationv = λ f this is the Golden Rule for waves transverse & longitudinal waves Harmonic waves The golden rule for waves Example: wave on a string Review
L 23 Vibrations and Waves [3] resonance clocks pendulum springs harmonic motion mechanical waves sound waves golden rule for waves musical instruments The Doppler effect Doppler radar radar guns Review
More informationCh 25 Chapter Review Q & A s
Ch 25 Chapter Review Q & A s a. a wiggle in time is called? b. a wiggle in space & time is called? a. vibration b. wave What is the period of a pendulum? The period is the time for 1 cycle (back & forth)
More informationPhysical Science Study Guide Unit 7 Wave properties and behaviors, electromagnetic spectrum, Doppler Effect
Objectives: PS-7.1 Physical Science Study Guide Unit 7 Wave properties and behaviors, electromagnetic spectrum, Doppler Effect Illustrate ways that the energy of waves is transferred by interaction with
More informationCopyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 20. Traveling Waves You may not realize it, but you are surrounded by waves. The waviness of a water wave is readily apparent, from the ripples on a pond to ocean waves large enough to surf. It
More informationWaves Sound and Light
Waves Sound and Light r2 c:\files\courses\1710\spr12\wavetrans.doc Ron Robertson The Nature of Waves Waves are a type of energy transmission that results from a periodic disturbance (vibration). They are
More informationWaves and Sound. AP Physics B
Waves and Sound AP Physics B What is a wave A WAVE is a vibration or disturbance in space. A MEDIUM is the substance that all SOUND WAVES travel through and need to have in order to move. Two types of
More informationphysics 1/12/2016 Chapter 20 Lecture Chapter 20 Traveling Waves
Chapter 20 Lecture physics FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS a strategic approach THIRD EDITION randall d. knight Chapter 20 Traveling Waves Chapter Goal: To learn the basic properties of traveling waves. Slide
More informationWaves - Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Waves - Transverse and Longitudinal Waves wave may be defined as a periodic disturbance in a medium that carries energy from one point to another. ll waves require a source and a medium of propagation.
More informationPLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST. PLACE ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS ON THE SCANTRON. (THANK YOU FOR SAVING A TREE.)
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST. PLACE ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS ON THE SCANTRON. (THANK YOU FOR SAVING A TREE.) Sound Waves Test -- each multiple choice question is worth 3 points. 1. Sound waves are
More informationWaves-Wave Characteristics
1. What is the wavelength of a 256-hertz sound wave in air at STP? 1. 1.17 10 6 m 2. 1.29 m 3. 0.773 m 4. 8.53 10-7 m 2. The graph below represents the relationship between wavelength and frequency of
More informationLesson 11. Luis Anchordoqui. Physics 168. Tuesday, December 8, 15
Lesson 11 Physics 168 1 Oscillations and Waves 2 Simple harmonic motion If an object vibrates or oscillates back and forth over same path each cycle taking same amount of time motion is called periodic
More informationUNIT 1: mechanical waves / sound
1. waves/intro 2. wave on a string 3. sound waves UNIT 1: mechanical waves / sound Chapter 16 in Cutnell, Johnson: Physics, 8th Edition Properties of waves, example of waves (sound. Light, seismic), Reflection,
More informationWaves: Recording Sound Waves and Sound Wave Interference (Teacher s Guide)
Waves: Recording Sound Waves and Sound Wave Interference (Teacher s Guide) OVERVIEW Students will measure a sound wave by placing the Ward s DataHub microphone near one tuning fork A440 (f=440hz). Then
More informationChapter 21 Study Questions Name: Class:
Chapter 21 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. If a fire engine is traveling toward you, the Doppler
More informationChapter 17: Change of Phase
Chapter 17: Change of Phase Conceptual Physics, 10e (Hewitt) 3) Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is A) a warming process. B) a cooling process also. C) neither a warming nor cooling process.
More informationPhysics 9e/Cutnell. correlated to the. College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives
Physics 9e/Cutnell correlated to the College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives Big Idea 1: Objects and systems have properties such as mass and charge. Systems may have internal structure. Enduring
More informationAP1 Waves. (A) frequency (B) wavelength (C) speed (D) intensity. Answer: (A) and (D) frequency and intensity.
1. A fire truck is moving at a fairly high speed, with its siren emitting sound at a specific pitch. As the fire truck recedes from you which of the following characteristics of the sound wave from the
More informationPHYSICS 202 Practice Exam Waves, Sound, Reflection and Refraction. Name. Constants and Conversion Factors
PHYSICS 202 Practice Exam Waves, Sound, Reflection and Refraction Name Constants and Conversion Factors Speed of sound in Air œ $%!7Î= "'!*7/>/
More informationThe Physics of Guitar Strings
The Physics of Guitar Strings R. R. McNeil 1. Introduction The guitar makes a wonderful device to demonstrate the physics of waves on a stretched string. This is because almost every student has seen a
More informationSound and stringed instruments
Sound and stringed instruments Lecture 14: Sound and strings Reminders/Updates: HW 6 due Monday, 10pm. Exam 2, a week today! 1 Sound so far: Sound is a pressure or density fluctuation carried (usually)
More informationThe Design and Implementation of Multimedia Software
Chapter 10 Auditory Content The Design and Implementation of Multimedia Software David Bernstein Jones and Bartlett Publishers www.jbpub.com David Bernstein (jbpub.com) Multimedia Software Jones and Bartlett
More informationAcoustics: the study of sound waves
Acoustics: the study of sound waves Sound is the phenomenon we experience when our ears are excited by vibrations in the gas that surrounds us. As an object vibrates, it sets the surrounding air in motion,
More informationv = fλ PROGRESSIVE WAVES 1 Candidates should be able to :
PROGRESSIVE WAVES 1 Candidates should be able to : Describe and distinguish between progressive longitudinal and transverse waves. With the exception of electromagnetic waves, which do not need a material
More informationEngineering with Sound Lesson Plan
Type of lesson: Challenge Teaching Plan: Engineering with Sound Lesson Plan Goal The goal of this lesson is to introduce the students to sound and its properties and have them apply what they learn to
More information16.2 Periodic Waves Example:
16.2 Periodic Waves Example: A wave traveling in the positive x direction has a frequency of 25.0 Hz, as in the figure. Find the (a) amplitude, (b) wavelength, (c) period, and (d) speed of the wave. 1
More informationAcoustic Terms, Definitions and General Information
Acoustic Terms, Definitions and General Information Authored by: Daniel Ziobroski Acoustic Engineer Environmental and Acoustic Engineering GE Energy Charles Powers Program Manager Environmental and Acoustic
More informationThe Sonometer The Resonant String and Timbre Change after plucking
The Sonometer The Resonant String and Timbre Change after plucking EQUIPMENT Pasco sonometers (pick up 5 from teaching lab) and 5 kits to go with them BK Precision function generators and Tenma oscilloscopes
More information4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES HW/Study Packet
4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES HW/Study Packet Required: READ Hamper pp 115-134 SL/HL Supplemental: Cutnell and Johnson, pp 473-477, 507-513 Tsokos, pp 216-242 REMEMBER TO. Work through all
More informationState Newton's second law of motion for a particle, defining carefully each term used.
5 Question 1. [Marks 28] An unmarked police car P is, travelling at the legal speed limit, v P, on a straight section of highway. At time t = 0, the police car is overtaken by a car C, which is speeding
More informationState Newton's second law of motion for a particle, defining carefully each term used.
5 Question 1. [Marks 20] An unmarked police car P is, travelling at the legal speed limit, v P, on a straight section of highway. At time t = 0, the police car is overtaken by a car C, which is speeding
More informationMathematical Harmonies Mark Petersen
1 Mathematical Harmonies Mark Petersen What is music? When you hear a flutist, a signal is sent from her fingers to your ears. As the flute is played, it vibrates. The vibrations travel through the air
More informationAnswer the following questions during or after your study of Wave Properties. 4. How are refraction and the speed of wave in different media related?
Wave Properties Student Worksheet Answer the following questions during or after your study of Wave Properties. 1. A person standing 385 m from a cliff claps her hands loudly, only to hear the sound return
More informationPhysics 1230: Light and Color
Physics 1230: Light and Color Instructor: Joseph Maclennan TOPIC 3 - Resonance and the Generation of Light http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1230 How do we generate light? How do we detect light? Concept
More informationPractice Test SHM with Answers
Practice Test SHM with Answers MPC 1) If we double the frequency of a system undergoing simple harmonic motion, which of the following statements about that system are true? (There could be more than one
More informationDoppler Effect Plug-in in Music Production and Engineering
, pp.287-292 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.8.26 Doppler Effect Plug-in in Music Production and Engineering Yoemun Yun Department of Applied Music, Chungwoon University San 29, Namjang-ri, Hongseong,
More information18 Q0 a speed of 45.0 m/s away from a moving car. If the car is 8 Q0 moving towards the ambulance with a speed of 15.0 m/s, what Q0 frequency does a
First Major T-042 1 A transverse sinusoidal wave is traveling on a string with a 17 speed of 300 m/s. If the wave has a frequency of 100 Hz, what 9 is the phase difference between two particles on the
More informationExperiment 1: SOUND. The equation used to describe a simple sinusoidal function that propagates in space is given by Y = A o sin(k(x v t))
Experiment 1: SOUND Introduction Sound is classified under the topic of mechanical waves. A mechanical wave is a term which refers to a displacement of elements in a medium from their equilibrium state,
More informationCurrent Staff Course Unit/ Length. Basic Outline/ Structure. Unit Objectives/ Big Ideas. Properties of Waves A simple wave has a PH: Sound and Light
Current Staff Course Unit/ Length August August September September October Unit Objectives/ Big Ideas Basic Outline/ Structure PS4- Types of Waves Because light can travel through space, it cannot be
More informationAfter a wave passes through a medium, how does the position of that medium compare to its original position?
Light Waves Test Question Bank Standard/Advanced Name: Question 1 (1 point) The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies are called A. radio waves. B. gamma rays. C. X-rays. D. visible light.
More informationSolution: F = kx is Hooke s law for a mass and spring system. Angular frequency of this system is: k m therefore, k
Physics 1C Midterm 1 Summer Session II, 2011 Solutions 1. If F = kx, then k m is (a) A (b) ω (c) ω 2 (d) Aω (e) A 2 ω Solution: F = kx is Hooke s law for a mass and spring system. Angular frequency of
More informationA: zero everywhere. B: positive everywhere. C: negative everywhere. D: depends on position.
A string is clamped at both ends and then plucked so that it vibrates in a standing wave between two extreme positions a and c. (Let upward motion correspond to positive velocities.) When the
More informationPhysics in Entertainment and the Arts
Physics in Entertainment and the Arts Chapter VII Wave Transfer and Waves incident on a rigid boundary almost completely reflect Almost all the wave s energy is reflected back the way it came Waves incident
More informationSemester 2. Final Exam Review
Semester 2 Final Exam Review Motion and Force Vocab Motion object changes position relative to a reference point. Speed distance traveled in a period of time. Velocity speed in a direction. Acceleration
More informationBasic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters
Basic CHAPTER Acoustics and Acoustic Filters 1 3 Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters 1.1 The sensation of sound Several types of events in the world produce the sensation of sound. Examples include doors
More informationPractice Test. 4) The planet Earth loses heat mainly by A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation. D) all of these Answer: C
Practice Test 1) Increase the pressure in a container of oxygen gas while keeping the temperature constant and you increase the A) molecular speed. B) molecular kinetic energy. C) Choice A and choice B
More informationBuilding Design for Advanced Technology Instruments Sensitive to Acoustical Noise
Building Design for Advanced Technology Instruments Sensitive to Acoustic Noise Michael Gendreau Colin Gordon & Associates Presentation Outline! High technology research and manufacturing instruments respond
More informationResonance in a Closed End Pipe
Experiment 12 Resonance in a Closed End Pipe 12.1 Objectives Determine the relationship between frequency and wavelength for sound waves. Verify the relationship between the frequency of the sound, the
More informationTrigonometric functions and sound
Trigonometric functions and sound The sounds we hear are caused by vibrations that send pressure waves through the air. Our ears respond to these pressure waves and signal the brain about their amplitude
More informationBasic Concepts of Sound. Contents: Definitions db Conversion Sound Fields db ± db
Basic Concepts of Sound Contents: Definitions db Conversion Sound Fields db ± db BA 7666-11, 1 Abstract This lecture introduces sound and sound measurements by describing sound pressure, sound level and
More information1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that all matter is composed of atoms and molecules that are in a constant state of constant random motion
Physical Science Period: Name: ANSWER KEY Date: Practice Test for Unit 3: Ch. 3, and some of 15 and 16: Kinetic Theory of Matter, States of matter, and and thermodynamics, and gas laws. 1. The Kinetic
More informationSOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS CHAPTER 15
SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS CHAPTER 15 1. v = 40 cm/sec As velocity of a wave is constant location of maximum after 5 sec = 40 5 = 00 cm along negative x-axis. [(x / a) (t / T)]. Given y = Ae a) [A] = [M 0 L
More informationYerkes Summer Institute 2002
Before we begin our investigations into radio waves you should review the following material on your trip up to Yerkes. For some of you this will be a refresher, but others may want to spend more time
More informationThe Physics of Music: Brass Instruments. James Bernhard
The Physics of Music: Brass Instruments James Bernhard As a first approximation, brass instruments can be modeled as closed cylindrical pipes, where closed means closed at one end, open at the other Here
More informationTennessee State University
Tennessee State University Dept. of Physics & Mathematics PHYS 2010 CF SU 2009 Name 30% Time is 2 hours. Cheating will give you an F-grade. Other instructions will be given in the Hall. MULTIPLE CHOICE.
More informationGiant Slinky: Quantitative Exhibit Activity
Name: Giant Slinky: Quantitative Exhibit Activity Materials: Tape Measure, Stopwatch, & Calculator. In this activity, we will explore wave properties using the Giant Slinky. Let s start by describing the
More informationSample Questions for the AP Physics 1 Exam
Sample Questions for the AP Physics 1 Exam Sample Questions for the AP Physics 1 Exam Multiple-choice Questions Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g 5 10 m/s 2 in all problems. Directions: Each
More informationSolution Derivations for Capa #13
Solution Derivations for Capa #13 1 Identify the following waves as T-Transverse, or L-Longitudinal. If the first is T and the rets L, enter TLLL. QUESTION: A The WAVE made by fans at sports events. B
More informationIndiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance.
.1.1 Measure the motion of objects to understand.1.1 Develop graphical, the relationships among distance, velocity and mathematical, and pictorial acceleration. Develop deeper understanding through representations
More information- thus, the total number of atoms per second that absorb a photon is
Stimulated Emission of Radiation - stimulated emission is referring to the emission of radiation (a photon) from one quantum system at its transition frequency induced by the presence of other photons
More informationAcousto-optic modulator
1 of 3 Acousto-optic modulator F An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell, uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency).
More informationT = 1 f. Phase. Measure of relative position in time within a single period of a signal For a periodic signal f(t), phase is fractional part t p
Data Transmission Concepts and terminology Transmission terminology Transmission from transmitter to receiver goes over some transmission medium using electromagnetic waves Guided media. Waves are guided
More informationAntennas & Propagation. CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman
Antennas & Propagation CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception
More informationNoise. CIH Review PDC March 2012
Noise CIH Review PDC March 2012 Learning Objectives Understand the concept of the decibel, decibel determination, decibel addition, and weighting Know the characteristics of frequency that are relevant
More informationexplain your reasoning
I. A mechanical device shakes a ball-spring system vertically at its natural frequency. The ball is attached to a string, sending a harmonic wave in the positive x-direction. +x a) The ball, of mass M,
More informationEnergy and Energy Transformations Test Review
Energy and Energy Transformations Test Review Completion: 1. Mass 13. Kinetic 2. Four 14. thermal 3. Kinetic 15. Thermal energy (heat) 4. Electromagnetic/Radiant 16. Thermal energy (heat) 5. Thermal 17.
More informationLecture 1-6: Noise and Filters
Lecture 1-6: Noise and Filters Overview 1. Periodic and Aperiodic Signals Review: by periodic signals, we mean signals that have a waveform shape that repeats. The time taken for the waveform to repeat
More informationTeaching Fourier Analysis and Wave Physics with the Bass Guitar
Teaching Fourier Analysis and Wave Physics with the Bass Guitar Michael Courtney Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University Norm Althausen Lorain County Community College This article
More informationBoardworks AS Physics
Boardworks AS Physics Vectors 24 slides 11 Flash activities Prefixes, scalars and vectors Guide to the SI unit prefixes of orders of magnitude Matching powers of ten to their SI unit prefixes Guide to
More informationPeriodic wave in spatial domain - length scale is wavelength Given symbol l y
1.4 Periodic Waves Often have situations where wave repeats at regular intervals Electromagnetic wave in optical fibre Sound from a guitar string. These regularly repeating waves are known as periodic
More informationMAKING SENSE OF ENERGY Electromagnetic Waves
Adapted from State of Delaware TOE Unit MAKING SENSE OF ENERGY Electromagnetic Waves GOALS: In this Part of the unit you will Learn about electromagnetic waves, how they are grouped, and how each group
More informationExercises on Oscillations and Waves
Exercises on Oscillations and Waves Exercise 1.1 You find a spring in the laboratory. When you hang 100 grams at the end of the spring it stretches 10 cm. You pull the 100 gram mass 6 cm from its equilibrium
More informationReview of Chapter 25. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Review of Chapter 25 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The time needed for a wave to make one complete cycle is its b. velocity.
More informationThe rate of change of velocity with respect to time. The average rate of change of distance/displacement with respect to time.
H2 PHYSICS DEFINITIONS LIST Scalar Vector Term Displacement, s Speed Velocity, v Acceleration, a Average speed/velocity Instantaneous Velocity Newton s First Law Newton s Second Law Newton s Third Law
More informationConceptual Physics Review (Chapters 25, 26, 27 & 28) Chapter 25 Describe the period of a pendulum. Describe the characteristics and properties of
Conceptual Physics Review (Chapters 25, 26, 27 & 28) Solutions Chapter 25 Describe the period of a pendulum. Describe the characteristics and properties of waves. Describe wave motion. Describe factors
More informationEnergy. Mechanical Energy
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Definition of energy Ability to do work Physicist s definition of work Work = force x distance Force acting upon object over distance
More informationEnergy Transformations
Energy Transformations Concept Sheet Energy Transformations PS.6: The student will investigate and understand states and forms of energy and how energy is transferred and transformed. 1. Energy is the
More informationStanding Waves on a String
1 of 6 Standing Waves on a String Summer 2004 Standing Waves on a String If a string is tied between two fixed supports, pulled tightly and sharply plucked at one end, a pulse will travel from one end
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY In general, when an object performs work on another object, it does not transfer all of its energy to that object. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to
More informationA. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) = the idea that particles of matter are always in motion and that this motion has consequences.
I. MOLECULES IN MOTION: A. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) = the idea that particles of matter are always in motion and that this motion has consequences. 1) theory developed in the late 19 th century to
More informationThe University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS. Wednesday, June 17, 2015 1:15 to 4:15 p.m.
P.S./PHYSICS The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS Wednesday, June 17, 2015 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications
More informationHearing and Deafness 1. Anatomy & physiology
Hearing and Deafness 1. Anatomy & physiology Chris Darwin Web site for lectures, lecture notes and filtering lab: http://www.lifesci.susx.ac.uk/home/chris_darwin/ safari 1 Outer, middle & inner ear Capture;
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *0123456789* PHYSICS 9702/02 Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions For Examination from 2016 SPECIMEN
More informationINTERFERENCE OF SOUND WAVES
1/2016 Sound 1/8 INTERFERENCE OF SOUND WAVES PURPOSE: To measure the wavelength, frequency, and propagation speed of ultrasonic sound waves and to observe interference phenomena with ultrasonic sound waves.
More informationPHYS 101-4M, Fall 2005 Exam #3. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
PHYS 101-4M, Fall 2005 Exam #3 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A bicycle wheel rotates uniformly through 2.0 revolutions in
More informationAS COMPETITION PAPER 2008
AS COMPETITION PAPER 28 Name School Town & County Total Mark/5 Time Allowed: One hour Attempt as many questions as you can. Write your answers on this question paper. Marks allocated for each question
More informationKinetic Theory. Energy. Transfers and Efficiency. The National Grid
AQA P1 Revision Infrared Radiation Heating and Insulating Buildings Kinetic Theory Energy Transfers and Efficiency Energy Transfer by Heating Transferring Electrical Energy Generating Electricity The National
More informationTCOM 370 NOTES 99-4 BANDWIDTH, FREQUENCY RESPONSE, AND CAPACITY OF COMMUNICATION LINKS
TCOM 370 NOTES 99-4 BANDWIDTH, FREQUENCY RESPONSE, AND CAPACITY OF COMMUNICATION LINKS 1. Bandwidth: The bandwidth of a communication link, or in general any system, was loosely defined as the width of
More informationA-level PHYSICS (7408/1)
SPECIMEN MATERIAL A-level PHYSICS (7408/1) Paper 1 Specimen 2014 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours Materials For this paper you must have: a pencil a ruler a calculator a data and formulae booklet. Instructions
More informationPrinciple of Thermal Imaging
Section 8 All materials, which are above 0 degrees Kelvin (-273 degrees C), emit infrared energy. The infrared energy emitted from the measured object is converted into an electrical signal by the imaging
More informationWhat is Energy? What is the relationship between energy and work?
What is Energy? What is the relationship between energy and work? Compare kinetic and potential energy What are the different types of energy? What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work. Great, but
More informationAZ State Standards. Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred.
Forms of Energy AZ State Standards Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred. PO 1. Describe the following ways in which
More informationCandidate Number. General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2014
entre Number andidate Number Surname Other Names andidate Signature General ertificate of Education dvanced Level Examination June 214 Physics PHY4/1 Unit 4 Fields and Further Mechanics Section Wednesday
More informationSound Perception. Sensitivity to Sound. Sensitivity to Sound 1/9/11. Not physically sensitive to all possible sound frequencies Range
Sound Perception Similarities between sound and light perception Characteristics of sound waves Wavelength = Pitch Purity = Timbre Amplitude = loudness Sensitivity to Sound Not physically sensitive to
More informationSound absorption and acoustic surface impedance
Sound absorption and acoustic surface impedance CHRISTER HEED SD2165 Stockholm October 2008 Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet för Ljud- och Vibrationsforskning Sound absorption and acoustic surface impedance
More informationThe University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS. Friday, June 20, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m.
P.S./PHYSICS The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS Friday, June 20, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device
More information226 Chapter 15: OSCILLATIONS
Chapter 15: OSCILLATIONS 1. In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force must be proportional to the: A. amplitude B. frequency C. velocity D. displacement E. displacement squared 2. An oscillatory motion
More informationChapter 15, example problems:
Chapter, example problems: (.0) Ultrasound imaging. (Frequenc > 0,000 Hz) v = 00 m/s. λ 00 m/s /.0 mm =.0 0 6 Hz. (Smaller wave length implies larger frequenc, since their product,
More informationPhysics 101 Hour Exam 3 December 1, 2014
Physics 101 Hour Exam 3 December 1, 2014 Last Name: First Name ID Discussion Section: Discussion TA Name: Instructions Turn off your cell phone and put it away. Calculators cannot be shared. Please keep
More informationFrom lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation?
From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly
More information