Ra atoms and ions: production and spectroscopy Testing the Standard Model in Heavy Nuclei H.W. Wilschut

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1 atoms and ions: production and spctroscopy Tsting th Standard Modl in Havy Nucli H.W. Wilschut TRIµP group TRIµP =Trappd dioactiv Isotops, µ-laboratoris for fundamntal Physics KVI - Univrsity of Groningn - Th Nthrlands

2 TRIµP = Trappd dioactiv Isotops: µicro- Laboratoris for Fundamntal Physics Various activitis TRV sarchs β dcay of Na EDM: ring d Parity violation + Molculs Outlin for today and + Advantags of Production isotops Status atom trapping Status ion work

3 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V γ + A Z 0 J d + W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

4 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V γ + A Z 0 J d + Isotop rang W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

5 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V γ + A Z 0 J d + W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics Atomic spctroscopy tim tim

6 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V BSM γ + A Z 0 J d + W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

7 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V Nuclar collctivity nhancmnts γ + A Z 0 J d + W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

8 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z γ + W V A Z 0 J d + Dgnracy nhancmnt W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

9 Violating Momnts Atomic parity violation: P odd Elctric dipol momnt: P odd and T odd C =Z W V γ + A Z 0 J d + W = N+( 4 sin θ W )Z + rad. corr. + nw physics tim tim

10 ion for APV Th Bouchiat & Bouchiat (974) fastr than Z -law says: whr K r is a rla,vis,c factor Z K r + Thory: L. W. Wansbk t al., Phys. Rv. A 78, 05050(R) (008). [arb. units] Ca + Sr + Ba + (Cs) Z Z (atomic numbr) E APV ffct in + is 0 =ms largr than for Ba +, and 50 =ms largr than for Cs (Wiman) + is a suprior APV candidat: In day, a 5- fold improvmnt ovr Cs appars fasibl!

11 P EDM s atoms som nucli Elctron EDM nhancd > 0 4 V. A. Dzuba t al. Phys. Rv. A, 6, (000) D P 0 D Nuclon EDM nhancd 0 J. Engl t al. Phys. Rv. C, 68, 0550 (00) 5 cm - Idalizd lvl schm S 0 Nucli with J=/ (, 5) dioactiv radium: bcaus of thir spcial proprtis

12 Accssibl isotops of radium Liftim Spin s 5/ 0.7 s 0 on- lin Pb + C s 5/ s 0.7 m / 4.4 s 0 off- lin sourc 8. s 5/.4 d / 4.6 d d / y 0 ΔN y 0

13 0-4 production Bρ = P/ slction Targt chambr AGOR D targt 06 Pb + C,,4 D Sction Intr mdiat focal plan Sction D E Si W windows D Thrmal Ionizr.8 µm Al Focusing Final focal plan W foils watr cooling E Si Extraction lctrods 4 04 Pb ( C,xn) 9. MV/u 06 Pb 06 Pb 5.8 MV/u 4 mg/cm ( thicknss ) C 8. MV/u

14 0-4 production Bρ = P/ slction Targt chambr AGOR D targt 06 Pb + C,,4 D Sction Intr mdiat focal plan Sction D E Si W windows D Thrmal Ionizr.8 µm Al Focusing Final focal plan W foils watr cooling E Si Extraction lctrods 4 04 Pb ( C,xn) 9. MV/u 06 Pb 06 Pb 5.8 MV/u 4 mg/cm ( thicknss ) C 8. MV/u

15 0-4 production Bρ = P/ slction Targt chambr AGOR D targt 06 Pb + C,,4 D Sction Intr mdiat focal plan Sction D E Si W windows Na D Thrmal Ionizr.8 µm Al Puls tub Focusing Final focal plan W foils watr cooling 04 Pb ( C,xn) 9. MV/u E Si Extraction lctrods Thrmal ionizr 4 06 Pb 06 Pb 5.8 MV/u 4 mg/cm ( thicknss ) C 8. MV/u

16 0-4 production Bρ = P/ slction Targt chambr AGOR D targt 06 Pb + C,,4 D Sction Intr mdiat focal plan Sction D E Si W windows D Thrmal Ionizr.8 µm Al Focusing Final focal plan W foils watr cooling E Si Extraction lctrods 4 04 Pb ( C,xn) 9. MV/u 06 Pb 06 Pb 5.8 MV/u 4 mg/cm ( thicknss ) C 8. MV/u

17 0-4 production Bρ = P/ slction Targt chambr AGOR D targt 06 Pb + C,,4 D Sction Intr mdiat focal plan Sction D E Si W windows D Thrmal Ionizr.8 µm Al Focusing Final focal plan W foils watr cooling E Si Extraction lctrods 4 04 Pb ( C,xn) 9. MV/u 06 Pb 06 Pb 5.8 MV/u 4 mg/cm ( thicknss ) C 8. MV/u

18 Thrmal Ionizr Extractor E Si dtctor Thrmal Ionizr : 650/s/(pnA 06Pb) P. Shidling t al., NIM A 606 (009) 05 T = 90 K Hot W foils Catchr foil Alpha Spctrum aftr Thrmal Ionizr Bam on /off (diffusion tim) xtraction on /off (lif tim) T = 50 K Daughtr Nuclus of 4

19 Thrmal Ionizr Efficincy Elmnt Tmpratur [K] TI fficincy (%) T / (s) % % %.46 Na %.49 0 Na % Rb %.0 Masurd diffusion fficincy two ways: ) DC throughput ) Dynamic tim dpndnc P.D. Shidling t al. Euilibrium/dynamic mthod To b publishd in NIMA

20 EDM stp on: collct as a cold small sampl 7s7p P 7s6d D 48.7 nm for cooling 7s7p P 0 7s6d D 74. nm for trapping Transitions in 7s S 0 Schm for trapping

21 EDM stp on: collct as a cold small sampl 7s7p P 7s6d D 48.7 nm for cooling F / / 7s7p P F / 0 / 7s6d D 7s F / S nm for trapping Transitions in 5 Schm for trapping

22 Lasr Cooling of and Ba 48.7 nm P D 488 nm 48 nm.8 µm P 0 74 nm (Argonn) Lak rat 50(50) : D 55.7 nm P 500 nm D 0 nm P 0 Lak rat 0(0) : 08 nm D S 0 vlocity chang [m/s] 0 0 B Mg 0 5 Ca Sr 400 m/s Ba Z S 0 For fficint trapping nd to solv cooling problm

23 Barium MOT R> PMT atomic bam λ/4 I λ/4 Vlocity D v P z y λ/4 I R> D D x S 0 S. D, U. Dammalapati, K. Jungmann, and L. Willmann, PRA 79 (009) 0440 and Eur. Phys. J. D 5 (009) Moving on to..

24 Barium MOT R> PMT atomic bam λ/4 I λ/4 Vlocity λ D v P z y λ/4 I R> D D x S 0 S. D, U. Dammalapati, K. Jungmann, and L. Willmann, PRA 79 (009) 0440 and Eur. Phys. J. D 5 (009) Moving on to..

25 Barium MOT R> PMT atomic bam λ/4 I λ/4 Vlocity λ, λ IR, λ IR D v P z y λ/4 I R> D D x S. D, U. Dammalapati, K. Jungmann, and L. Willmann, PRA 79 (009) 0440 and Eur. Phys. J. D 5 (009) S 0 Moving on to..

26 Barium MOT λ R> PMT atomic bam λ/4 I λ/4 Vlocity λ, λ IR, λ IR D v P z y λ λ/4 I R> λ D D x S. D, U. Dammalapati, K. Jungmann, and L. Willmann, PRA 79 (009) 0440 and Eur. Phys. J. D 5 (009) S 0 Moving on to..

27 Barium MOT λ R> PMT atomic bam λ/4 I λ/4 λ IR, λ IR λ, λ IR, λ IR λ Vlocity D v P z y λ λ/4 I R> λ D D x S. D, U. Dammalapati, K. Jungmann, and L. Willmann, PRA 79 (009) 0440 and Eur. Phys. J. D 5 (009) S 0 Moving on to..

28 Currnt work Sourc 9 Th milking 0 5 /s 5 sourc 7s7p P 7s6d D 48.7 nm for cooling F / / 7s7p P F / 0 / 7s6d D 74. nm for trapping 5 7s F / S 0

29 Currnt work Sourc 9 Th milking 0 5 /s 5 sourc 7s7p P 7s6d D 48.7 nm for cooling 7s F / S 0 F / / 7s7p P 74. nm for trapping F / 0 / 7s6d D 5 Accuracy of transition fruncy: 4 MHz rlativ to 0 T, F=/->F ()cm - 00 MHz (0.0cm - ) smussn, Z.Phys 87, 607 (94) Hyprfin Structur: 498(4) MHz 495(4)MHz (Wndt t al. Z. Phys. D4, 7 (987))

30 Currnt work Sourc 9 Th milking 0 5 /s 5 sourc 7s7p P 7s6d D 48.7 nm for cooling 7s F / S 0 F / / 7s7p P 74. nm for trapping F / 0 / 7s6d D 5 Absolut Fruncy F=/ F =/: Offst from a 7 I lin 76(5)MHz, this work 70(0) MHz, (N. D. Scilzo t al., PRA 7, 0050(R) (006)) (4) MHz (comb)

31 Exprimnts on th Winbrg angl 5 dium ion Low nrgy: atomic parity violation (APV) Csium atoms: 6S / 7S / transition Exprimnt: 0.5%, Wiman group, Bouldr Thory: 0.%, Drvianko t al. Francium atoms: 7S / 8S / transition Exprimnts: Lgnaro, Stony Brook Thory:? Barium ion: 6S / 5D / transition Exprimnt: Fortson group, UW, Sattl Thory: % dium ion: 7S / 6D / transition Exprimnt: KVI Thory: %

32 Exprimntal Mthod

33 Stps towards APV of singl ions spctroscopy in Paul trap (atomic thory) 7P / 7P / 708 nm 468 nm 079 nm 6D 5/ 6D / 7S / diofruncy uadrupol (RF) Simplifid lvl schm of

34 First spctroscopy of ions in Paul trap transition 7S / -7P / ;4. transition 6D / -7P / ;4 first tim hyprfin 7S / hyprfin 7P / hyprfin 6D / first tim O.O. Vrsolato t al. arxiv: PRA.8(00)0050 ng of isotops availabl dium ions trappd gas coold Nw spctroscopy Nxt: singl ion lasr coold APV masurmnt

35 Summary TRIµP: focus on alkalin and alkalin-arth isotops (Na,Rb,) production Short livd using Pb+C Joost v.d. B Long livd: sourcs EDM: Ba trappd first stps APV Stup (narly) complt Atomic Spctroscopy Oscar Vrsolato Lornz Willmann Boda Santra

36 Summary TRIµP: focus on alkalin and alkalin-arth isotops (Na,Rb,) production Short livd using Pb+C Long livd: sourcs Joost v.d. Brg EDM: Ba trappd first stps APV Stup (narly) complt Oscar Atomic Spctroscopy Vrsolato Lornz Willmann Boda Santra Gouri Giri Umakant Dammalapati