EXAM RECORDS DENTAL IMAGES

Transcription

1 EXAM Description: It is a review of the medical history, diet, homecare, chief complaints, clinical extraoral and intraoral evaluation of the patient. Advantages: Obtain a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan. Disadvantages: Patient may feel uncomfortable during examination. RECORDS Description: Extraoral and intraoral photographs, panoramic radiograph, lateral radiograph of the face and cranium, impressions of the top and bottom teeth, bite registration. Advantages: Accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan. Disadvantages: Patient may feel uncomfortable during the intraoral photographs and impressions. DENTAL IMAGES Description: Intraoral and extraoral pictures taken using radiation. Advantages: Digital xray equipment reduces the size of the beam, and eliminates scatter radiation. Leadfree, nontoxic, biodegradable barium aprons are used for protection. The images provide dentist with the ability to see inside and between teeth. Disadvantages: Xray exposure may cause cell damage. In the absence of digital images, disease may be undetected until more obvious signs and symptoms develop.

2 PROPHYLAXIS/CLEANING Description: Cleaning and polishing surfaces of the tooth with hand instruments, floss, electric rotary instrument or sonic scaling. Advantages: Remove plaque, bacteria, stain and tarter from teeth. Disadvantages: Patient may experience sensitivity/discomfort during or after procedure TOPICAL FLUORIDE VANISH Description: A topical agent used to destroy bacteria, adheres to the tooth surface and absorbs into the enamel structure to strengthen teeth. Advantages: Increases the resistance of the tooth. Disadvantages: High doses could be toxic. Alternatives: Calcium phosphate, xylitol, clorhexidine. SEALANTS Description: A composite resin applied to the grooves and pits of healthy back teeth to provide a barrier. Advantages: Prevent demineralization and cavities. Disadvantages: Can break down without proper home care and diet.

3 NITROUS OXIDE Description: Nitrous oxide and oxygen are mixed together and inhaled through a small mask worn over the nose to aid in relaxation. Advantages: Reduction of anxiety and gag reflex Disadvantages: Insufficient anxiety reduction for some patients Alternatives: Deeper sedation using inhaled, oral or intravenous medication in the hospital or outpatient facility. LOCAL ANESTHESIA Description: Medication administered topically or by injection. Advantages: Patient is more comfortable during dental procedures. Disadvantages: May cause pain, swelling, tingling, pressure or damage to the nerve. TOOTH COLORED FILLING COMPOSITE RESTORATION Description: A resin based material used to fill and replace decayed areas of teeth. Advantages: Material is stable and has esthetic quality. Disadvantages: Composite fillings can break, stain, filtration (leak), shades may not match exactly. Alternatives: Glass Ionomer, Amalgam, Gold filling material.

4 ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CROWNS Description: Anterior crowns are tooth colored esthetic crowns specially designed to replace structure lost due to decay or enamel/dentin defects in front teeth. Posterior crowns are tooth colored or metallic and are used to replace structure lost due to decay or enamel/dentin defects on back teeth. Advantages: Stronger than resin based or metallic restorative material, can be used when a large percentage of tooth structure is compromised. Restores normal anatomy of affected tooth. Disadvantages: Margins close to or under the gum can collect plaque and cause gingivitis, periodontal disease or recurrent tooth decay. Crowns can loosen, break or fall out. Alternatives: Composite or metallic fillings, extraction STAINLESS STEEL CROWN Description: Stainless Steel Crowns are metallic crowns placed on the posterior teeth to replace structure lost due to decay or enamel/dentin defects. Advantages: Protects tooth from further break down, restores normal anatomy to compromised teeth. Disadvantages: Color of material. Margins close to or under the gum can collect plaque and cause gingivitis, periodontal disease or recurrent tooth decay. Crowns can loosen, break or fall out. Alternatives: CAD CAM, tooth color prefabricated crown

5 ENDODONTIC THERAPY/PULPOTOMY Description: Pulpotomy is the removal of coronal pulp/tissue. Advantages: Relieve nerve pain and sensitivity, remove infected tissue. Disadvantages: Residual infection, Abcess Alternatives: No treatment, extraction. EXODONTIA EXTRACTION TOOTH REMOVAL Description: Removal of tooth. Advantages: Alleviate pain and discomfort, removal of cause of infection. Disadvantages: Fracture of root, infection, bone loss, shifting of adjacent teeth, space Alternatives: No treatment LASER THERAPY Description: Use of laser to restructure and/or remove excess soft tissue. Advantages: Less bleeding, less post-operative pain, no suture usage, faster healing. Disadvantages: Eye damage may occur if proper protective goggles are not worn by all in treatment room. Alternatives: Use of Scalpel, electrosurgery.

6 ORO-MAXILLOFACIAL ORTHOPEDIC AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Description: Procedures enhancing the growth and development of the oro-facial system. Advantages: Achieve healthy function, esthetics. Disadvantages: Cooperation of patient, treatment duration, can take several months or even years to complete. Alternatives: No treatment SPACE MAINTAINER Description: A fixed appliance used to maintain space from premature primary tooth loss. Advantages: Maintains space for eruption of permanent teeth. Disadvantages: Appliance must be monitored, adjusted, and possibly replaced. Interference with adjacent erupting teeth. Decay and decalcification are more likely if oral care and diet is poor. Alternatives: No treatment.