Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments

Transcription

1 EYK 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments When first learning adjusting entry concepts, it can be difficult to know which accounts might require adjustment. The purpose of this supplement is to use the unadjusted trial balance to help students identify which accounts might require adjustment and why. To begin, let s assume the unadjusted trial balance shown below for. s year-end is December 31 and it prepares adjustments annually. 1

2 2 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments Exhibit 3.4 identifies five types of adjustments. EXHIBIT 3.4 Framework for Adjustments Adjustments Prepaid expenses Depreciation Unearned revenues Accrued expenses Accrued revenues To help us determine which of s accounts require adjustment, we can use Exhibit 3.4 as a framework for asking a series of questions beginning with the following: 1. Have Any of the Prepaid Items Been Used? First, we need to identify the prepaids. In reviewing the unadjusted trial balance, there are three prepaids: Supplies, Prepaid Insurance, and Prepaid Rent. 126 Supplies Prepaid insurance... 2, Prepaid rent... 7,000

3 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments 3 For each of these accounts, we need to determine if the balances are correct; it is likely that some of each of these amounts have been used during the year We discover that $600 of the supplies were used during 2014; that the unused portion in Prepaid Insurance is $2,100; and that the balance in Prepaid Rent represents seven months of rent that began September 1, Given this additional information regarding the prepaids, prepare the appropriate adjustments at. 2. Are There Plant and Equipment Assets That Require Depreciation to Be Recorded? In reviewing the trial balance we see that there are two plant and equipment assets: Office Furniture and Vehicle. Both of these will require depreciation to be recorded to match the cost of the assets to the time they were used in the year 2014 to help generate revenue. You discover that the office furniture was purchased several years ago when it was estimated that its useful life would be about 10 years with no residual value expected. You also determined that the vehicle was purchased March 5, 2014, and it is expected to have a useful life of eight years and residual value of $5, Office furniture... 61, Vehicle... 42, Given this additional information regarding the plant and equipment assets, prepare the appropriate adjustments at.

4 4 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments 3. Are There Any Unearned Amounts That Require Adjustment? s unadjusted trial balance shows only one unearned account: Unearned Consulting Fees. We need to determine if any of the unadjusted balance was earned during the year ended. A review of the $18,000 balance shows that $12,000 is for work to be done in 2015 and $6,000 is for work that was done in Unearned consulting fees... 18, Given this additional information regarding Unearned Consulting Fees, prepare the appropriate adjustment at.

5 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments 5 4. Are There Accrued Expenses? To determine whether accrued expenses may need to be recorded at year-end requires a review of a number of accounts: Accounts Payable (are there amounts owed to suppliers that have not been recorded?), Notes Payable (is there interest that has accrued since the last payment date?), Wages Expense (are there any wages owed to employees because, falls between pay periods?), Insurance Expense (is the insurance paid in advance or is an amount owing?), Rent Expense (is the rent paid in advance or is an amount owing?), and Supplies Expense (are there amounts owed to suppliers that have not been recorded?). 201 Accounts payable... 35, Notes payable... 68, Wages expense , Insurance expense... 6, Rent expense... 78, Supplies expense... 10,500 A review shows that there are only two outstanding amounts: interest on the notes payable and one day of wages. The last quarterly payment on the note was made on December 1 and interest of $280 has accrued since that date. Wages totalling $860 have accrued since the last payday. 4. Given this additional information regarding accrued expenses, prepare the appropriate adjustments at.

6 6 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments 5. Are There Accrued Revenues? A review of the accounts listed on the unadjusted trial balance show that there are two possible revenues that have been earned but not recorded: interest on the note receivable and consulting revenue earned from clients but not recorded as of. A review of the records shows that interest of $150 has accrued on the note and that $7,200 of consulting revenue was completed on December 31 but not recorded. 111 Notes receivable... 30, Consulting fees earned , Interest revenue... 1, Given this additional information regarding accrued revenues, prepare the appropriate adjustments at.

7 Extend Your Knowledge 3-1 Using the Trial Balance as a Framework for Adjustments 7 Checkpoint Solutions: 1. Dec. 31 Supplies Expense Supplies To adjust for the use of $600 of supplies. 31 Insurance Expense Prepaid Insurance To record the use of prepaid insurance. c) 31 Rent Expense... 4,000 Prepaid Rent... 4,000 To record the use of prepaid rent; $7,000/7 $1,000 4 $4, Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense, Office Furniture... 6,144 Accumulated Depreciation, Office Furniture... 6,144 $61,440/10 $6, Depreciation Expense, Vehicle... 3,800 Accumulated Depreciation, Vehicle... 3,800 $42,000 $5,520 $36,480/8 $4,560/year 10/12 $3, Dec. 31 Unearned Consulting Fees... 6,000 Consulting Fees Earned... 6,000 To record earned portion of unearned amount. 4. Dec. 31 Interest Expense Interest Payable To adjust for accrued interest. 31 Wages Expense Wages Payable To record accrued wages. 5. Dec. 31 Interest Receivable Interest Revenue To adjust for accrued interest. 31 Accounts Receivable... 7,200 Consulting Fees Earned... 7,200 To record accrued consulting fees.