Why do we need to teach grammar?

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2 Why do we need to teach grammar? One of our main aims at Welton is to ensure that children can communicate fluently; both in their speech and their writing. In order to communicate fluently, children need to know the nuts and bolts of language. Understanding the mechanics of a sentence help children to become analytical about their own writing.

3 What is a sentence?

4 A sentence is a set of words which expresses a complete thought, containing a subject and a verb. There are different type of sentences command, question, statement and exclamation The dog ran. Can I help you? You can t do that! Its so noisy in here!

5 Nouns A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. There are two types of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns. Common table, book, dog, cat Proper Welton, James, I Titles (books ) Kensuke s Kingdom I am very important so I need a capital letter

6 Pronouns A little word that takes the place of a noun. He, she, it, they, his, her, I, me, their... Don t repeat smelly feet!!! Danny loved to play football with Danny s friends. On Saturday Danny had Danny s best game all season. Danny scored three goals and Danny was awarded man of the match for Danny s performance. Overuse of noun (name)

7 Adjectives An adjective describes (modifies) a noun. I gazed at the brightsun I ambled down the elongated road I climbed the perilous, steep mountain. Making sure it s effective The golden, bright, glorious, immense, beautiful sun. Ambitious at different age groups don t be afraid to use a thesaurus with the children. Adjective ranking games (diamond 9, circle map) Say the adjectives what is the noun?

8 Verbs A verb is an action word

9 We often describe verbs as doing words or action words. However, not all verbs describe an action, as such, but rather a state or the idea of existence. e.g. I am sad. It will be cold. You seem sad. I belong to Welton Primary. How many different ways can you move from one side of the room to the other? Match the action word with the cartoon

10 Adverbs An adverb describes or modifies a verb. Lots of adverbs end in ly. These are great for improving sentences as they provide the reader with more detail. They can be located at the beginning of the sentence also. He cautiously climbed the mountain. Cautiously, he climbed the mountain. Acting adverbs

11 Code Cracker!

12 Fronted adverbials Giving information on: When? Where? How? I fell over my shoe lace walking down the street. Walking down the street, I fell over my shoelace. Before break, I had eaten three bags of crisps. Silent and forbidding, the school building loomed in front of me. TASK

13 Adverbial Phrase Adverbial phrase (or adverb phrase) is the term for two or more words which play the role of anadverb (Again, stating when, where or how and can be used anywhere in the sentence). He did his homework before he had his tea. The opera singer sang in a high pitch voice. Last night, I sept like a baby. I couldn t park my car at the supermarket. Over the rainbow was the pot of gold. TASK

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15 Using conjunctions and connectives to link ideas simple and compound sentences BOYS (to join to independent clauses) I love chocolate. I hate crisps. I love chocolate, but I hate crisps. I was tired. I went to bed It was rainy. It was still warm. Compound sentence frames

16 Connective is a more general term for words and phrases that link ideas of a text together. They often express time and cause, and can start a sentence by connecting it to the previous sentence. As children become more confident with their writing, we encourage them to use a greater range of connectives before experimenting with position in the sentence. Children are then ready to experiment with complex sentences

17 Complex sentences A complex sentence contains a independent (main) clause and at least one dependent clause. A dependent clause needs the main clause to make sense even though it may contain a subject and a verb. Connectives are then used to link ideas. e.g. I heated my coffee in the microwave because it was too cold.. He was still unhappy though he was very rich. When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales. She went to bed after she had finished marking. I have to save this couponbecause I don t have time to shop right now. I ll have fruit because I don t like crisp

18 I heated my coffee in the microwave because it was too cold.. He was still unhappy though he was very rich. When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales. She went to bed after she had finished marking. I have to save this couponbecause I don t have time to shop right now. I ll have fruit because I don t like crisp. What is the independent clause? What is the main clause?

19 Changing the order of complex sentences I m still going to the park even though it is rainy today. Vegetables are good for you because they are full of vitamins. I m going to sleep for hours when it is the weekend.

20 Even though it is rainy today, I m still going to the pork because I want to see my friends. Because they are full of vitamins, vegetables are good for you so try to eat plenty. When it is the weekend, I m going to sleep for hours to try and refresh my brain!

21 Unfortunately, barn owls are often killed flying across busy roads and motorways. They have also suffered from habitat loss in recent years. Unfortunately, barn owls are often killed flying across busy roads and motorways. Furthermore, they have suffered from habitat loss in recent years.

22 Prepositions Prepositions are position words (the clue s in the name!). They usually describe the position of something, or the time when something happens. above, against, before, after, below, between, inside, near, on, up... Chair game Task: can you create some sentences using prepositions?

23 Punctuation.,!? ; : -... Kung Fu Punctuation

24 Commas 1. To separate items in a list (this includes lists of adjectives before a noun) 2. Before you open direct speech 3. Before some conjunctions 4. After a fronted adverbial clarifying 5. To mark off a subordinate clause When you are writing, a comma does not indicate a pause! If in doubt, leave emout! I had ham and cheese sandwiches for lunch, they were delicious.

25 At the shop I bought, apples, pears, grapes and bananas. There were lots of things to buy in the shops: apples, pears, grapes and bananas. Comma or colon: I could see lots of trees, flowers and butterflies. Children learn many subjects at Welton maths, literacy and science.

26 Direct speech Miss Seddon said, I just love SATs tests!

27 Before some conjunctions I like pizza, but I don t like pasta. I was tired, so I went to bed. You can play football, or you can play rugby. It is sunny, yet it is still cold.

28 After a fronted adverbial At the end of the day, Miss Clarkson needs chocolate. Next year, I am emigrating to Iceland. Slowly and tiredly, Miss Seddon marked her books.

29 Comma Splicing When a comma is used to connect two independent clauses I love chocolate, I try not to eat too much! Bill usually gets on with everybody, he is a caring person. I love to travel, my favourite place is America. Encourage children to connect, or use a semi-colon

30 Where is the comma splicing in the following paragraph? Walking through the forest, I noticed the beautiful trees, they were immense. In the wind the flowers danced elegantly, they gave off an unusual fragrance. The bees were busy collecting pollen, the butterflies fluttered their delicate wings.

31 The dreaded apostrophe Only used in two instances. 1. To show that letters are missed out of a word (contraction) it s don t hadn't you re couldn t can t 2. To show ownership of something (possession). This means that something belongs to someone or something. The boy s pen James s hat Apostrophes should not be used for plurals! Cauliflower s are half price Cauliflowers are half price

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33 Paragraphs Just as the sentence contains one idea in all its fullness, so the paragraph should embrace a distinct episode. Winston Churchill TiPToP Time. Place. Topic. Person.

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