Chapter 7: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks. Fig. 7.21

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 7: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks. Fig. 7.21"

Transcription

1 Chapter 7: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Fig. 7.21

2 OBJECTIVES Restate how metamorphic rocks relate to the two other rock groups (sedimentary and igneous). Describe how metamorphic rocks are produced by the action of heat, pressure, and fluids on preexisting parent rocks over the course of time. Recognize the different types of metamorphism, the processes that cause them, and the environments in which they occur. Identify how the textures of metamorphic rocks reflect the environment of their formation.

3 OBJECTIVES Compare and contrast the types of metamorphic rock and explain the basis of their classification. Explain how the mineral content of metamorphic rocks indicates the pressure and temperature conditions of metamorphism. Compare and contrast the plate tectonic settings where metamorphism takes place and the variable conditions of metamorphism that the different settings produce.

4 Metamorphism Metamorphism means a change in form. Metamorphic rocks form when the texture or mineral composition of a rock changes. Heat, pressure, and fluids can cause metamorphism. Fig. 7.11

5 Comparing Metamorphic, Igneous, and Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic rocks form at higher temperatures and pressures than sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks form at lower temperatures than igneous rocks. The rock does not melt. Metamorphic processes generally cannot be observed directly.

6 Factors that Control Metamorphism The following factors control metamorphism: Heat Pressure Fluids Rock composition Time Gneiss Fig. 7.1d

7 Effects of Heating on Metamorphism Heating can make minerals less stable. Heating causes increase in bond length, distortion of bonds, breaking of bonds, and formation of new bonds. Heating can accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. Figs. 7.4, 7.5

8 Pressure and Metamorphism Confining pressure acts on a rock equally in all directions. Directed pressure acts more strongly in one direction than in others. Fig. 7.6

9 Fluids and Rock Composition Sources of metamorphic fluids are Fluid trapped in sedimentary rock Fluid introduced by tectonic and igneous processes Fluid expelled when minerals react Parent rock composition determines what fluids are released and what minerals can react. Amphibolite (parent rock = basalt) Fig. 7.8 Kyanite schist (parent rock = mudstone)

10 Types of Metamorphism There are six main types of metamorphism: Regional metamorphism: occurs when large regions of crustal rocks are subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures; takes place during mountain-building Contact metamorphism: rocks around an igneous body produced as a result of heating by an adjacent body of magma Dynamic metamorphism: occurs along fractures in Earth s crust where significant movement has taken place; involves crushing or smearing of rocks adjacent to fault zones

11 Types of Metamorphism Six main types of metamorphism (continued): Shock metamorphism: produced by the high-velocity impact of an extraterrestrial object such as a meteorite or an asteroid on Earth s surface Hydrothermal metamorphism: occurs when rocks react with adjacent hot circulating fluids Burial metamorphism: caused by burial beneath a thick succession of overlying rock layers

12 Regional Metamorphism Regional metamorphism affects large areas of rock. Mountain chains are associated with regional metamorphism. Metamorphic Zones: Regional metamorphism in Scotland Fig. 7.24

13 Contact Metamorphism Contact metamorphism occurs in rocks that are heated by nearby magma. Contact metamorphism affects rocks over a small area. The degree of metamorphism decreases with distance from the magma chamber. Fig. 7.10

14 Dynamic metamorphism is associated with faulting. Dynamic Metamorphism Dynamic metamorphism can produce crushing and smearing of rock layers. Fig 7.11 Crushing produces fault breccia (a); smearing produces mylonite (b). The schematic diagram (c) shows the locations of various rock types typically produced by dynamic metamorphism in a fault zone. Fault breccia at shallow depths gives way to mylonites at depth.

15 Shock Metamorphism Shock metamorphism is characterized by distinctive, highpressure minerals. Meteorite collisions produce shock metamorphism. Photo: Martin Schmieder The Barringer impact crater (Meteor Crater) Arizona Fig. 7.12a Shocked quartz from the Svasvesi impact structure, Finland

16 Hydrothermal Metamorphism Hydrothermal metamorphism is caused by hot, circulating fluids. Hydrothermal metamorphism occurs primarily at mid-ocean ridges. Hydrothermal vent Photo: NOAA

17 Burial Metamorphism Burial metamorphism occurs at high pressure when rock layers are buried at depth. Burial metamorphism is occurring beneath the thick sediments of the Mississippi Delta. Photo: NASA

18 Metamorphic Textures The fabric of a metamorphic rock describes the geometric arrangement of mineral grains. Metamorphic rocks can have a foliated or nonfoliated texture. Foliated (slate) Fig. 7.1a Nonfoliated (quartzite) Fig. 7.22

19 Classifying Metamorphic Rocks Foliated rocks are classified based on grain size and foliation. Slate, with microscopic grains Figs. 7.1 b, c Schist, with visible grains Nonfoliated rocks are classified based on origin or composition. Quartzite, composed of quartz Fig Marble, composed of calcite Fig. 7.20

20 Foliated Metamorphic Rocks Slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss are the four main types of foliated metamorphic rock. As metamorphic grade increases, grain size increases. Fig. 7.16

21 Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rocks Nonfoliated rocks can be classified based on either origin or composition. Hornfels, marble, quartzite, and amphibolite are common examples of nonfoliated rocks. Hornfels Marble Quartzite Amphibolite Figs. 7.19, 7.20, 7.22, 7.23

22 Metamorphic Zones and Facies Distinctive minerals characterize specific metamorphic temperatures and pressures. A metamorphic facies is a set of associated metamorphic rocks that formed under the same conditions. Fig. 7.25

23 Metamorphism and Plate Tectonics Metamorphism can occur at divergent and convergent boundaries. Divergent boundaries are characterized by hydrothermal metamorphism. Contact and regional metamorphism are common at convergent boundaries. Figs. 7.28b, 7.27b

24 Summary Metamorphic rocks Form when a rock's mineral composition and texture change Are influenced by heat, pressure, fluids, parent rock composition, and duration of metamorphism Form through regional, contact, dynamic, shock, hydrothermal, or burial metamorphism Can be classified as foliated (layered) or nonfoliated Can be classified based on mineral composition, origin, or grain size Contain minerals that can be used to infer the conditions under which they formed Form at divergent and convergent plate boundaries

Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids.

Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. Protolith or parent rock is

More information

Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007

Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007 Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007 1. Metamorphism is a that involves no melt phase. 2. The protolith of a metamorphic rock is the (a) sibling (b) brother (c) parent

More information

Unit 4: The Rock Cycle

Unit 4: The Rock Cycle Unit 4: The Rock Cycle Objective: E 3.1A Discriminate between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks and describe the processes that change one kind of rock into another. E 3.1B Explain the relationship

More information

Questions & Answers Proposed for Exam #3

Questions & Answers Proposed for Exam #3 Questions & Answers Proposed for Exam #3 GE50 Introduction to Physical Geology (Geology for Engineers) Missouri University of Science and Technology Fall Semester 2007, Leslie Gertsch (GertschL@mst.edu)

More information

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate

Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate 1. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most 1) minerals weather before they can be identified 2) minerals have

More information

What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does the texture of a rock reveal about how it was formed?

What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does the texture of a rock reveal about how it was formed? CHAPTER 4 1 The Rock Cycle SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does

More information

Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com

Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a, substance which has a What would be the opposite of this? KEY CONCEPT #2: What causes minerals to have different physical properties?

More information

Rocks and Plate Tectonics

Rocks and Plate Tectonics Name: Class: _ Date: _ Rocks and Plate Tectonics Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or

More information

Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com

Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com Name: KEY Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a naturally occurring, inorganic substance which has a definite chemical composition What would be the opposite of this? man-made,

More information

What are Rocks??? Rocks are the most common material on Earth. They are a naturally occurring collection of one or more minerals.

What are Rocks??? Rocks are the most common material on Earth. They are a naturally occurring collection of one or more minerals. The Rock Cycle What are Rocks??? Rocks are the most common material on Earth. They are a naturally occurring collection of one or more minerals. The Rock Cycle a cycle that continuously forms and changes

More information

Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle

Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle Name Date Per Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle I Can Statements I Can Statements are the learning targets for each unit. By the time you take the test for this unit, you should

More information

TYPES OF ROCKS & THE ROCK CYCLE

TYPES OF ROCKS & THE ROCK CYCLE Visit http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html to complete the following questions and activities. TYPES OF ROCKS: 1. Click on TYPES OF ROCKS. Read the information on the webpage and answer

More information

1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire

1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire UNIT 3 EXAM ROCKS AND MINERALS NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds

More information

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer Provide specific and detailed

More information

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE

Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer Provide specific and detailed

More information

TECTONICS ASSESSMENT

TECTONICS ASSESSMENT Tectonics Assessment / 1 TECTONICS ASSESSMENT 1. Movement along plate boundaries produces A. tides. B. fronts. C. hurricanes. D. earthquakes. 2. Which of the following is TRUE about the movement of continents?

More information

Earth Materials: Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks. The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth

Earth Materials: Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks. The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth Earth Materials: 1 The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth 2 Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks Three main categories of rocks: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic The most common minerals

More information

O.Jagoutz. We know from ~ 20.000 borehole measurements that the Earth continuously emits ~ 44TW

O.Jagoutz. We know from ~ 20.000 borehole measurements that the Earth continuously emits ~ 44TW Lecture Notes 12.001 Metamorphic rocks O.Jagoutz Metamorphism Metamorphism describes the changes a rock undergoes with changing P, T and composition (X). For simplistic reasons we will focus here in the

More information

II. Earth Science (Geology) Section (9/18/2013)

II. Earth Science (Geology) Section (9/18/2013) EAPS 100 Planet Earth Lecture Topics Brief Outlines II. Earth Science (Geology) Section (9/18/2013) 1. Interior of the Earth Learning objectives: Understand the structure of the Earth s interior crust,

More information

How Did These Ocean Features and Continental Margins Form?

How Did These Ocean Features and Continental Margins Form? 298 10.14 INVESTIGATION How Did These Ocean Features and Continental Margins Form? The terrain below contains various features on the seafloor, as well as parts of three continents. Some general observations

More information

Chapter 4. Metamorphic Rocks. 4.1 Types of Metamorphism

Chapter 4. Metamorphic Rocks. 4.1 Types of Metamorphism Chapter 4 Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have undergone a change in texture and/or mineralogy due to high temperature or pressure, or through the action of chemical alteration induced

More information

Geology 200 Getting Started...

Geology 200 Getting Started... Geology 200 Getting Started... Name This handout should be completed and become a part of your Notebook for this course. This handout is intended to be a review of some important ideas from your introductory

More information

EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY

EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY DR. WOLTEMADE NAME: SECTION: MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY INTRODUCTION The identification of minerals and rocks is an integral part of understanding our physical

More information

Regents Questions: Plate Tectonics

Regents Questions: Plate Tectonics Earth Science Regents Questions: Plate Tectonics Name: Date: Period: August 2013 Due Date: 17 Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is (1) less dense and more basaltic (3) more dense and

More information

1. The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers.

1. The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers. 1. The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers. Which statement about the deposition of the sediments best explains why these layers have the curved shape shown? 1) Sediments were

More information

Three Main Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks. Made by Liesl at The Homeschool Den

Three Main Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks. Made by Liesl at The Homeschool Den Three Main Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks Above and below: Basalt Above: Gabbro Above: Pumice Above: Basalt, Giant Causeway in Ireland Above: Obsidian Above:

More information

Igneous Rocks. Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists

Igneous Rocks. Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists Igneous Rocks Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists Magma Compositions Ultramafic - composition of mantle Mafic - composition of basalt, e.g. oceanic crust. 900-1200 o C, 50% SiO 2 Intermediate

More information

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY IN PLANETARY SCIENCE

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY IN PLANETARY SCIENCE Rocks and Minerals I. OBJECTIVES One of the many ways to study Earth is by examining the rocks that make up its surface. Earth is a dynamic planet, with plate tectonics, water, wind, volcanoes, and mountains.

More information

Interactive Plate Tectonics

Interactive Plate Tectonics Interactive Plate Tectonics Directions: Go to the following website and complete the questions below. http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/index.html How do scientists learn about the interior

More information

Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks

Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks OBJECTIVES Learn to identify metamorphic rocks by structure and mineralogy. Identify major minerals contained within a metamorphic rock. Distinguish between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks.

More information

METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information

METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information METAMORPHIC ROCKS Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information Lesson 1 - Formation of Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 2 - Metamorphic Rock Classification Chart Lesson 3 - Metamorphic

More information

Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Science Grade 6. Unit Organizer: Geology: Inside the Earth (Approximate Time: 7 Weeks)

Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Science Grade 6. Unit Organizer: Geology: Inside the Earth (Approximate Time: 7 Weeks) The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are

More information

Ch6&7 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Ch6&7 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Ch6&7 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following does NOT change the form of existing rock? a. tremendous pressure c.

More information

1 Exploring Earth s Interior

1 Exploring Earth s Interior 1 Exploring Earth s Interior Crust Mantle Outer Core Crust-to-Mantle Inner Core Cross Section From Surface to Center SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Earth Science Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Evidence for Continental

More information

FOURTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

FOURTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES FOURTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE OVERVIEW OF FOURTH GRADE VOLCANOES WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing different structures of volcanoes. LAB: Modeling three types

More information

DYNAMIC CRUST: Unit 4 Exam Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

DYNAMIC CRUST: Unit 4 Exam Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes DYNAMIC CRUST: Unit 4 Exam Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which

More information

Plate Tectonics Web-Quest

Plate Tectonics Web-Quest Plate Tectonics Web-Quest Part I: Earth s Structure. Use the following link to find these answers: http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html 1. Label the layers of Earth in the diagram

More information

6.E.2.2 Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes

6.E.2.2 Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes Name: Date: 1. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event. 3. The convergence of two continental plates would produce Which natural event most likely caused the crack in the road? island

More information

Earth Science Chapter 14 Section 2 Review

Earth Science Chapter 14 Section 2 Review Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 14 Section Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three

More information

The Dynamic Crust 2) EVIDENCE FOR CRUSTAL MOVEMENT

The Dynamic Crust 2) EVIDENCE FOR CRUSTAL MOVEMENT The Dynamic Crust 1) Virtually everything you need to know about the interior of the earth can be found on page 10 of your reference tables. Take the time to become familiar with page 10 and everything

More information

Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Shaky Ground 6 th Grade

Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Shaky Ground 6 th Grade The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are

More information

Plate tectonics states that the Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates.

Plate tectonics states that the Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. Notes on Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics states that the Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. These plates move around the mantle. Plates are composed of the crust and

More information

Igneous Geochemistry. What is magma? What is polymerization? Average compositions (% by weight) and liquidus temperatures of different magmas

Igneous Geochemistry. What is magma? What is polymerization? Average compositions (% by weight) and liquidus temperatures of different magmas 1 Igneous Geochemistry What is magma phases, compositions, properties Major igneous processes Making magma how and where Major-element variations Classification using a whole-rock analysis Fractional crystallization

More information

Geol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II

Geol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II Geol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II 4. Which of the following statements about paleomagnetism at spreading ridges is FALSE? A. there is a clear pattern of paleomagnetic

More information

Rock Identification. Introduction

Rock Identification. Introduction Introduction Rock Identification In our everyday lives, we often find confusion between the terms rock and mineral. People will sometimes use the terms interchangeably since they are both found in the

More information

Weathering, Erosion, and Soils. Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion

Weathering, Erosion, and Soils. Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion Weathering, Erosion, and Soils 1 The Grand Canyon, a landscape shaped by weathering and erosion 2 Weathering vs. erosion Types of weathering Physical Chemical Rates of weathering and erosion Climate Rock

More information

Continental Drift. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Proposed that all of the continents were once part of a large supercontinent - Pangaea Based on:

Continental Drift. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Proposed that all of the continents were once part of a large supercontinent - Pangaea Based on: Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Continental Drift Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Proposed that all of the continents were once part of a large supercontinent - Pangaea Based on: Similarities in shorelines

More information

The Rock Cycle: Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous Rocks

The Rock Cycle: Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous Rocks The Rock Cycle: Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous Rocks Intended for Grade: 3 Subject: Science Description: This presentation teaches students about the properties and formation of each of the three

More information

4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67)

4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67) 4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67) Seafloor Spreading In the early 1960s, samples of basaltic ocean crust were dredged up from various locations across the ocean basins. The samples were then analyzed to

More information

Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice

Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice 1. The basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust is classified as (1) felsic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3 (2) felsic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3 (3) mafic, with a density

More information

Rock Identification Lab

Rock Identification Lab Rock Identification Lab Name Mineral Hardness Objective: You will determine the relative hardness of common objects relative to the known hardness of index minerals. We will use fingernail, copper, glass,

More information

Earth Science Grade 4 Minerals

Earth Science Grade 4 Minerals Earth Science Grade 4 Minerals Standards: Identifies the physical properties of minerals Teacher Background Minerals are pure substances and mix together to make rocks. Rocks have a cycle and different

More information

Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries Deborah Jordan and Samuel Spiegel

Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries Deborah Jordan and Samuel Spiegel Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries Deborah Jordan and Samuel Spiegel Jordan, Deborah and Spiegel, Samuel: Learning Research Development Center, University of Pittsburgh. Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries.

More information

FIRST GRADE ROCKS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

FIRST GRADE ROCKS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES FIRST GRADE ROCKS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF FIRST GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing solids, gases, liquids, and plasma. LAB: Exploring how states of matter can change.

More information

SECOND GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

SECOND GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES SECOND GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SECOND GRADE VOLCANOES WEEK 1. PRE: Investigating the parts of a volcano. LAB: Comparing the parts of a

More information

Exploring How Rocks Are Formed

Exploring How Rocks Are Formed Exploring How Rocks Are Formed Grade Level: 3-4 Purpose and Goals: In this lesson, students are introduced to the three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. After receiving background

More information

ROCKS OF THE GRAND CANYON BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR DOCENTS

ROCKS OF THE GRAND CANYON BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR DOCENTS ROCKS OF THE GRAND CANYON BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR DOCENTS There are three distinct types of rock. Igneous rocks. Igneous comes from the Greek word for fire. It is so hot deep in the Earth that rocks

More information

1. You are about to begin a unit on geology. Can anyone tell me what geology is? The study of the physical earth I.

1. You are about to begin a unit on geology. Can anyone tell me what geology is? The study of the physical earth I. PLATE TECTONICS ACTIVITY The purpose of this lab is to introduce the concept of plate tectonics and the formation of mountains. Students will discuss the properties of the earth s crust and plate tectonics.

More information

[Geology Layers of the Earth] [Basic: Grade 2-3] [Advanced: Grade 5: Introduction to Plate Tectonics}

[Geology Layers of the Earth] [Basic: Grade 2-3] [Advanced: Grade 5: Introduction to Plate Tectonics} [Geology Layers of the Earth] [Basic: Grade 2-3] [Advanced: Grade 5: Introduction to Plate Tectonics} BACKGROUND Scientists and geologists have been able to do some drilling on Earth. They are also able

More information

1. Michigan Geological History Presentation (Michigan Natural Resources)

1. Michigan Geological History Presentation (Michigan Natural Resources) 1. Michigan Geological History Presentation (Michigan Natural Resources) The Michigan Geological History Presentation provides an overview of the approximately 3 billion years of Earth Processes that the

More information

Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 5 th edition, 2008)

Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 5 th edition, 2008) EAS 100 Study Guide to Textbook Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 5 th edition, 2008) STUDY GUIDE 1/08 The textbook for EAS 100, Foundations of Earth Science, by Lutgens and Tarbuck is

More information

Plate Tectonics Chapter 2

Plate Tectonics Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics Chapter 2 Does not include complete lecture notes. Continental drift: An idea before its time Alfred Wegener First proposed his continental drift hypothesis in 1915 Published The Origin

More information

How can you tell rocks apart?

How can you tell rocks apart? How can you tell rocks apart? Grade Range: 4-7 G.L.E Focus: 1.1.5 Time Budget: 1 1.5 hours WASL Vocabulary: Overview: Different rocks have different characteristics because of their minerals, the ways

More information

Plate Tectonics Practice Questions and Answers Revised August 2007

Plate Tectonics Practice Questions and Answers Revised August 2007 Plate Tectonics Practice Questions and Answers Revised August 2007 1. Please fill in the missing labels. 2. Please fill in the missing labels. 3. How many large plates form the outer shell of the earth?

More information

Chapter Overview. Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry. Echo Sounding Record. Measuring Bathymetry. CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces

Chapter Overview. Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry. Echo Sounding Record. Measuring Bathymetry. CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces Chapter Overview CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces The study of bathymetry charts ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools. Most ocean floor features

More information

Unit Plan: Plate Tectonics Shannon B. Carpenter TE 804 1/25/02

Unit Plan: Plate Tectonics Shannon B. Carpenter TE 804 1/25/02 Unit Plan: Plate Tectonics Shannon B. Carpenter TE 804 1/25/02 This unit plan is intended to cover about seven weeks and would be appropriate for a middle school general science class or an introductory

More information

Plate Tectonics. Introduction. Boundaries between crustal plates

Plate Tectonics. Introduction. Boundaries between crustal plates Plate Tectonics KEY WORDS: continental drift, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, mid ocean ridge (MOR) system, spreading center, rise, divergent plate boundary, subduction zone, convergent plate boundary,

More information

Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011)

Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011) EAS 100 Study Guide to Textbook Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011) STUDY GUIDE 8/2010 The textbook for EAS 100, Foundations of Earth Science, by Lutgens and Tarbuck

More information

Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test

Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the

More information

GRADE 3 INSTRUCTIONAL TASKS. Rocks and Minerals

GRADE 3 INSTRUCTIONAL TASKS. Rocks and Minerals GRADE 3 INSTRUCTIONAL TASKS Rocks and Minerals Grade-Level Expectations The exercises in these instructional tasks address content related to the following science grade-level expectations: Contents ESS-E-A1,

More information

The rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks?

The rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks? The rock cycle This Revision looks at the three types of rock: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. It looks at how they are formed, the weathering of rocks and the way one form of rock turns into another,

More information

Step 2: Learn where the nearest divergent boundaries are located.

Step 2: Learn where the nearest divergent boundaries are located. What happens when plates diverge? Plates spread apart, or diverge, from each other at divergent boundaries. At these boundaries new ocean crust is added to the Earth s surface and ocean basins are created.

More information

1. Foliation or schistose textures are easily seen in rocks consisting of. 2. Which of these tectonic settings will be hottest at 20km depth?

1. Foliation or schistose textures are easily seen in rocks consisting of. 2. Which of these tectonic settings will be hottest at 20km depth? 2nd Midterm Questions Metamorphic Rocks 1. Foliation or schistose textures are easily seen in rocks consisting of. a. framework silicates (quartz, feldspar) b. platy minerals (micas) c. chain-silicates

More information

Presents the. Rock Test Study Resource

Presents the. Rock Test Study Resource Presents the Rock Test Study Resource Created by Simone Markus Published by EngLinks 1 Preface This is a free resource provided by EngLinks for students in APSC 151. This presentation is a supplementary

More information

CHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

CHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS CHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet? 2. That Earth, evidence that Earth differentiated.

More information

Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles

Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles Page 1 of 19 EENS 3050 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles This page last updated on 31-Aug-2016 Objectives Since this course is

More information

Chesapeake Bay Governor School for Marine and Environmental Science

Chesapeake Bay Governor School for Marine and Environmental Science Choose the best answer and write on the answer sheet provided. 1. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming? (a) Loss of fertile delta regions for agriculture (b) Change

More information

ES Chapter 10 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

ES Chapter 10 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Class: Date: ES Chapter 10 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Scientists used the pattern of alternating normal and reversed

More information

Roadstone - which rock? Investigating the best rock type for the wearing course of roads

Roadstone - which rock? Investigating the best rock type for the wearing course of roads Roadstone - which rock? Investigating the best rock type for the wearing course of roads Roads are made of various types of rock aggregate (crushed rock fragments). Quarries provide the aggregate used

More information

Lesson 13: Plate Tectonics I

Lesson 13: Plate Tectonics I Standards Addressed Lesson 13: Plate Tectonics I Overview Lesson 13 introduces students to geological oceanography by presenting the basic structure of the Earth and the properties of Earth s primary layers.

More information

Rapid Changes in Earth s Surface

Rapid Changes in Earth s Surface TEKS investigate rapid changes in Earth s surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides Rapid Changes in Earth s Surface Constant Changes Earth s surface is constantly changing. Wind,

More information

Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days

Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days 6 th Grade Science Unit: Sedimentary Rocks Unit Snapshot Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil Duration: Grade Level: 6 9 days Summary The following activities allow students to focus on the study of rocks.

More information

Name Score /225. (Make sure you identify each key concept by identifying the section [1.1, 1.2, etc.].]

Name Score /225. (Make sure you identify each key concept by identifying the section [1.1, 1.2, etc.].] Name Score /225 Changing Earth Chapter 1 Worksheet Before reading Chapter 1 (pages 9 37). On a separate sheet of paper, make two columns. Title the first column Before I Read. Title the second column After

More information

Study Guide Questions Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

Study Guide Questions Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics Study Guide Questions Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics What evidence did Alfred Wegener present in 1912 to support the idea of continental drift? Why did most geologists at the time dismiss Wegener

More information

7.2.4 Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties

7.2.4 Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties 7.2.4 Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties Rock properties that affect seismic velocity Porosity Lithification Pressure Fluid saturation Velocity in unconsolidated near surface soils (the

More information

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab. Introduction

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab. Introduction Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab Introduction A rock is any natural aggregate composed of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic particles. There are three primary rock

More information

Plate Tectonics Lab. Continental Drift. The Birth of Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics Lab. Continental Drift. The Birth of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Lab Continental Drift Take a look at a globe sometime and observe the remarkable fit between South America and Africa. Could they have, in fact, been connected? During the 19th and early

More information

Ride the Rock Cycle. Suggested Goals: Students will gain an understanding of how a rock can move through the different stages of the rock cycle.

Ride the Rock Cycle. Suggested Goals: Students will gain an understanding of how a rock can move through the different stages of the rock cycle. Illinois State Museum Geology Online http://geologyonline.museum.state.il.us Ride the Rock Cycle Grade Level: 5 6 Purpose: To teach students that the rock cycle, like the water cycle, has various stages

More information

Curriculum Map Earth Science - High School

Curriculum Map Earth Science - High School September Science is a format process to use Use instruments to measure Measurement labs - mass, volume, to observe, classify, and analyze the observable properties. density environment. Use lab equipment

More information

Ocean Floor Continental Slope Begins at the Continental Shelf Very sharp drop to depths over 2 miles Covered with thick layers of sand, mud, and rocks

Ocean Floor Continental Slope Begins at the Continental Shelf Very sharp drop to depths over 2 miles Covered with thick layers of sand, mud, and rocks Ocean Floor Continental Shelf Begins at the shoreline Gently slopes underwater Average depth of 430 feet Thick layers of sand, mud, and rocks The beach is part of the Continental Shelf Ocean Floor Continental

More information

Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Page 1 of 13 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics This page last updated on 26-Aug-2015 Plate Tectonics is a theory

More information

P1: Rock identification (I)

P1: Rock identification (I) P1: Rock identification (I) Examine the rocks specimens provided with the aid of these notes. All the rocks come from Ireland, as detailed on the attached map. Answer the short question on each specimen

More information

Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Puzzling Evidence What evidence suggests that continents move? In the late 1800s, Alfred Wegener proposed his hypothesis of continental drift. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a

More information

FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK. Objectives. Sediments and Sedimentation

FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK. Objectives. Sediments and Sedimentation FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK Objectives Identify three types of sediments. Explain where and how chemical and biogenic sediments form. Explain three processes that lead to the lithification of sediments.

More information

Plate Tectonics. Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2

Plate Tectonics. Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2 1 Plate Tectonics Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... Continental Drift

More information

Tectonic plates push together at convergent boundaries.

Tectonic plates push together at convergent boundaries. KEY CONCEPT Plates converge or scrape past each other. BEFORE, you learned Plates move apart at divergent boundaries In the oceans, divergent boundaries mark where the sea floor spreads apart On land,

More information

Name: Period: # Plate Tectonics. Journey to the center of the Earth

Name: Period: # Plate Tectonics. Journey to the center of the Earth Plate Tectonics Journey to the center of the Earth Use pages 124 129 to answer the following questions. Exploring Inside Earth (p. 125-126) 1. What are the two main types of evidence that Geologist use

More information

Lesson 5: The Rock Cycle: Making the Connection

Lesson 5: The Rock Cycle: Making the Connection Target Grade or Age Level Sixth grade science Lesson 5: The Rock Cycle: Making the Connection Scientific Processes Addressed Defining operationally, formulating and testing hypotheses, constructing models

More information

3. Practice describing and classifying rocks as sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous.

3. Practice describing and classifying rocks as sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous. Science Unit: Lesson 3: Renewable & Non-renewable Resources Mining in BC School Year: 2009/20010 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Notes: Dr. R. E. McKechnie Elementary School,

More information

Prentice Hall Interactive Science Series 2011 Correlated to: Arizona Science Standards, Strands 1-6 (Grade 7)

Prentice Hall Interactive Science Series 2011 Correlated to: Arizona Science Standards, Strands 1-6 (Grade 7) Strand 1: Inquiry Process Inquiry Process establishes the basis for students learning in science. Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate

More information