Autonomous Sensors for Building Automation

Transcription

1 Autonomous Sensors for Building Automation

2 Joe Keating Director of Applications Engineering Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. Over15 years experience in the battery and power electronics industries. 2

3 Business Description The leading developer and manufacturer of high performance, solidstate, rechargeable, thin-film micro-energy storage devices & energy management devices including self-powered devices using energy harvesting Volume Manufacturing Rechargeable Micro-Energy Cell Products Power Management & Energy Storage Modules 3

4 THINERGY Micro-Energy Cell (MEC) World s Most Powerful Battery For Its Size! The Ideal Micro-battery All Solid-State Paper Thin & Flexible Rechargeable (lasts lifetime of system) High Discharge Rate Low Self-discharge Ideal for Energy Harvesting Inherently Safe / Non-toxic In Production & Commercially Available Now 4

5 Building Automation Sensor Categories: Environmental: Temperature, Humidity, Light Rarely served adequately Can have a huge impact on building operation costs Security: Occupancy, Intrusion, Motion Expensive to implement on all portals Occupancy detection can save on environmental costs if served adequately Safety: Fire, Carbon Monoxide, Foreign Contaminants Served by wired systems and battery powered systems. Too expensive. High maintenance costs 5

6 Cost of Ownership Wired solutions can cost upwards of $100s per foot to run through existing infrastructure With wireless solutions, battery replacement and failure costs will increase ownership costs as the system ages Energy Harvesting combined with long lived energy storage provides lowest cost of ownership 6

7 Building Automation Example Occupancy Sensing Reduces Energy Costs Typical Conference Room: Used 4 hours per day on average Maintained at 70F Assume 200sqft US Average cost per KWH ~ $0.10 Lighting, Heating and Cooling: ~17kWh electricity ($1.70) and $0.18 Natural Gas per square foot per year = $376 No occupancy Sensing Lights on continuously HVAC active 10 hours/day = $376 per year With occupancy Sensing Lights on 4 hours/day HVAC active 4 hours/day Assume ½ cost = $188 Lighting, Heating and Cooling represent between 54 and 71 percent of total building energy use 7

8 Cost of Ownership Calculator Initial Periodic Savings with THINERGY MEC & EH vs Battery Replacement App Life Through Year MEC / Energy Harvest Cost $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 Qty of Battery Replacements na Battery & Replacement Avg Total Cost $0.60 $6.85 $13.10 $19.35 $25.60 $38.10 MEC Savings $12.90 $6.65 $0.40 $5.85 $12.10 $24.60 $45.00 $40.00 $35.00 Unit Breakeven Analysis: THINERGY MEC + Energy Harvesting (EH) vs. Primary Battery $38.10 Ex: Single floor factory (IPS) 10 door sensors 40 windows 20 temperature 20 occupancy 20 fire 5 CO 115 sensors $30.00 $25.60 $25.00 $19.35 $20.00 $15.00 $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 $13.10 $13.50 $13.50 $13.50 $10.00 $6.85 $5.00 $0.60 $ Year MEC / Energy Harvest Cost Battery & Replacement Avg Total Cost System savings: 115 sensors * $24.60 = $2,829 8

9 Autonomous Building Control Building Control H Heat Source I Local Controller Room w/light L O Ethernet S H Local Controller Sensor Node Key: S Safety H HVAC/Environment I Intrusion/Security L Lighting A Inventory/Asset Inventory Control I A H Warehouse : No Energy Broadcast RF Power Source 9

10 Developing Autonomous Wireless Sensors for Buildings 2.4GHz/ Wireless Environment Sensor w/solar Energy Harvesting Evaluation Kit Uses simple, compact code, MiWi (Microchip Wireless protocol) Uses either on board solar or externally connected harvester Uses Max17710 PMIC to manage energy harvesting, storage and delivery Measures Humidity, Occupancy, Temperature, Light, and MEC Charge Has dynamic energy balance control to set TX interval based on energy input 10

11 Avergae Current (Amps) Simple Calculation of Current Usage Quiescent Current 1.00E-06 A Active tranceiver Current Transceiver On Time 0.03 A 0.02 s Sensor Node Average Current 1 Time Between Transmissions Average Current E E E E Average Current Time Between Transmissions 11

12 Energy Harvesters 4 General Categories Thermal Electric: Requires energy conversion Can produce very high power for it s size Motion/Vibration: Can be resonant or impulse Can also double as a sensor Wide cost variation Solar: Inexpensive Best Acceptance Well understood RF: Far Field - low average power Near Field - very high power Wide cost variation 12

13 MAX17710 First Fully Integrated Solution Overview The MAX17710 is a complete system for charging and protecting micro power storage cells Most available integrated PMIC features New part being introduced by Maxim Ideal PMIC Features Off Active Quiescent Current <1nA Can accept EH input directly from harvesters or from an integrated input boost converter (5µW source at >500mV) Overvoltage charge protection Undervoltage discharge protection LDO output regulation With low Iq regulation method with Iq<60nA Low temperature capacitor Micro-controller interface with off-active output enable/disable Ultra-thin: 0.5mm package to fit in low profile applications BATT CHG BSTENB GND LX PGND TOP VIEW MAX Paddle must be connected to GND ULTRA-THIN DFN 3mm x 3mm x 0.5mm CT LCE REG SEL1 SEL2 AE 13

14 LTC4071 Just Released Overview Li-Ion/Polymer Shunt Battery Charger System with Low Battery Disconnect Enhanced version of the LTC4070 Ideal PMIC Features ~1nA Iq in disconnect mode Simple, efficient EH input Overvoltage protection Temperature compensation Undervoltage protection (selectable disconnect level!) Battery Full indicator Low IQ Ship Mode eliminates selfdischarge while products are warehoused 14

15 Perpetual Power Is Now Available Enabled by THINERGY MEC + PMIC Solution When combined, an Energy Harvester + PMIC + THINERGY MEC form the most efficient EH solution with unrivaled performance Thinnest solution available with smallest footprint Highest energy density & power available for its size Ultra-low quiescent current allows decades of charge retention on a single charge (other solutions consume stored energy when not harvesting) Users can easily integrate within their own systems Autonomous Perpetual Power Supply + + Solar Cells (Example Energy Harvester) PMIC (Energy Management) THINERGY MEC (Energy Storage) 15

16 Summary Building Automation will decrease operation costs Increased sensor density is required for improved Building Automation Wireless sensor will be the best solution in the long run Wired solutions are too expensive to deploy on the scale needed to provide coverage adequate to reduce operation costs Wired solutions are expensive to reconfigure Energy harvesting will decrease overall cost of ownership of wireless nodes Component selection and system design must be appropriate for the long term life of the system. 16

17 IPS: Innovative Thin Power Solutions Solid-State, Rechargeable, Thin-Film Micro-Energy Cells QUESTIONS? Rechargeable, Solid-State, Power Management & Energy Storage 17