THE NEURAL SYSTEM. By Jessica Garcia, Elide Gonzalez, Jessica Alatorre, Diana Osuna and Fantasia Bolden

Transcription

1 THE NEURAL SYSTEM By Jessica Garcia, Elide Gonzalez, Jessica Alatorre, Diana Osuna and Fantasia Bolden

2 Thoracic Spinal Nerves Sacral Spinal Nerves The Spinal Cord The Nervous System The Brain Cervical Spinal Nerves Lumbar Spinal Nerves The Neural System aka the Nervous System is the system that coordinates the movement of muscles, chaperones the body s organs, builds up and processes input from the senses, and is the starting point of human reflexes.

3 NERVOUS TISSUE Neurons and Glial cells make up the nervous tissue Neurons are responsible for the transmission of nerve signals Glial cells surround the neurons and are directly associated with neurons as well They are represented in this background photo!!!

4 The Nerve Message There s an unequal distribution of ions and electrical charges between the 2 sides of the neurons plasma membrane (outside membrane is positive and the inside membrane is negative) When the ions pass through the cell membrane, is distributes the electrical charge along the cell.

5 Different types of Nervous Systems Basic fuctions of each nervous sysytem Receive sensory input from inside and outside environments Intergrate the input Respond to stimuli Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

6 Connects the brain and the spinal cord to the remainder of the body Motor pathways (carries signals to muscles and glands) Sensory pathways (carries signals to the central nervous system) Peripheral Nervous System

7 Somatic Nervous System Includes all nerves controlling the muscular system and the skin Effectors are muscle fibers and gland cells

8 Autonomic Nervous System It consists of motor neurons that control internal organs (2 parts) Sympathetic (fight or flight response) & Parasympathetic (relaxation) It s part of the Peripheral nervous system. It controls the heart muscle and internal organ muscles (bladder, intestine, etc.)

9 Central Nervous System Consists of the brain and the spinal cord Brain=cerebrum, medulla oblongata, and the cerebellum. It s the control center and works with the peripheral nervous system

10 The Brain & Spinal Cord The Brain Cerebral hemisphere Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Pons Medulla Midbrain Cerebellum The Spinal Cord Links the brain to the body Protected by the vertebral column Also involved in reflexes which doesn t require the brain

11 Senses

12 - There are more nerve cells in the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way. - If we lined up all the neurons in our body it would be around 600 miles long. - There are 100 billion neurons in your brain alone. - A newborn baby's brain grows almost 3 times during the course of its first year. - The left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body. - A New born baby loses about half of their nerve cells before they are born. - As we get older, the brain loses almost one gram per year. - There are about 13, 500,00 neurons in the human spinal cord. - The total surface area of the human brain is about 25, 000 square cm. - The base of the spinal cord has a cluster of nerves, which are most sensitive. - An average adult male brain weighs about 1375 grams. - An average adult female brain is about 1275 grams. - Only four percent of the brain's cells work while the remaining cells are kept in reserve. - Neurons do not under go mitosis - Neurons are the largest cells in the human body. (They can be up to 3 feet long) - The Nervous System can transmit impulses as fast as 100 meters per second. - Potassium and sodium ions are vital to the proper functioning of the Nervous System.

13 Resources m e/biobk/biobooknerv.html odynervousadvanced/826 en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nervous_system

14 This presentation was brought to you by Elide, Diana, Jessica, Fantasia, and Jessica!!!