Current Status of Bio-fuel and its Future in the South East Asia and Japan

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1 Current Status of Bio-fuel and its Future in the South East Asia and Japan GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FFB 81000t/y YOSHIHITO SHIRAI methane 400t/y process water 15000t/y EFB is used for fertilizer to oil palm plantation solid waste (EFB) 14500t/y solid waste (fiber) 14500t/y All the energy for the mill can be supplied by cobustio of fiber. CPO 27000t/y POME 40000t/y COD ppm SS ppm a current palm oil mill lagoon (anaerobic pond) Large amount of methane is releaed to the atmosphare.

2 Consumption World Consumption Grains 100kg/capita y 1 billion t/y 150kg/capita y Meat 100kg/capita y 800 million t/y 40kg/capita y grains for meat Edible Oil 18kg/capita y 80 million t/y 9kg/capita y World Demand for Bio-diesel in the near future 5 million t/y World Supply Vegetable Oil 110 million t/y 80% for food 20% for Industry Grains 2 billion t/y (Rice, Wheat, Corn, Potato, Cassava)

3 Fresh Fruit Bunch: FFB Fruit Oil Palm Tree FFB

4 for autoclave of FFB drams for autoclave Empty Fruit Bunch: EFB Palm Oil Mill

5 EFB heap Palm Oil mill Effluent: POME Fiber

6 ertilizer FFB: fresh fruit bunch 60 million t/y POME POME: palm oil mill effluent COD >40000ppm 25 million t/y water sterilization strip methane lagoon EFB: empty fruit bunch 14.4 million t/y moisture content 60% combustion 1400kcal/kg fruit shell fiber + oil P K palm kernel 3 million t/y 380 US$/t C P O rinse digesting press seed kernel oil CPO: crude palm oil 11 million t/y 400 US$/t fiber: 6 million t/y moisture content 40% combustion 2700 kcal/kg shell: 4 million t/y moisture content 10% combustion 4500kcal/kg PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

7 CDM Developed Country Joint Project Developing Country Joint Project Reducing GHG Boundary Space Time < 2012 Base Line Measurable No Yes GHG reduction

8 Site Descriptions Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill Anaerobic Treatment: 3600 m 3 open digesting tank (6 tanks) HRT 20 days Serting Palm Oil Mill Anaerobic Treatment: 7500 m 3 anaerobic pond (4 ponds) HRT 40 days

9 Findings: CH 4 emission & COD removed Correlation between CH 4 emission & COD removed Open tank 0.109kg CH 4 per kg COD removed Anaerobic pond 0.238kg CH 4 per kg COD removed COD removal efficiencies of anaerobic process Open tank 80.7% Anaerobic pond 97.8% Correlation between CH 4 emission & POME discharge Open tank 5.5kg CH 4 per tonne POME Anaerobic pond 12.36kg CH 4 per tonne POME CH 4 (kg/day) CH 4 (kg/day) 1600 Open Digesting Tank Anaerobic pond Total COD Removed (kg/day)

10 Biogas composition (measured) methane 35% CO2 65% (digesting tanks) methane 45% CO2 55% (facultative pond) Biogas amount (measured) 4.9 L/min m m3/day m2 (digesting tanks) 0.7L/min m m3/day m2 (facultative pond) Judging from Data from Felda Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill Total biogas from mill 4 million m3/y Total methane from mill 1000t/y POME m3/y Biogas (Methane+CO2) mill FFB t/y EFB FFB x 0.24 = 86400t/y Fiber FFB x 0.1 = 36000t/y CPO 65000t/y digesting tanks no biogas (30%) A model mill case study facultative pond Biogas (Methane+CO2)

11 Cooperative joint project among KIT UPM FELDA EFB(C-compounds) Cellulose 30% Hemi-cellulose 30% Lignin 30% Cellulose : 10000t/y Lignin : 10000t/y Hexose : 11000t/y Pentose : 11000t/y Lactic acid : 22000t/y Biomass (potentiality) 500m 3 methane tank system Ethanol : 5500t/y mill Installed by KIT and UPM POME m3/sep Cost Estimation 2.4 million JY (Fermentor, Scrubber Storage tank, and others) POME residence time would be reduced to 10 days (currently 20days). Biogas (Methane+CO2) FFB t/y EFB FFB x 0.24 = 86400t/y Fiber FFB x 0.1 = 36000t/y CPO 65000t/y digesting tanks no biogas (30%) facultative pond Biogas (Methane+CO2) Acids fermentation Acetic acid : 800t/y Propionic acid : 400t/y Butiric acid : 400t/y

12 Production of Ethanol from Kitchen Refuse in Japan Yoshihito Shirai Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology

13 Saccharified liquid from Kitchen Refuse 100 kg Kitchen Refuse 50 kg 30 g Glucoamylase Water Fertilizer 50 kg Saccharification of Kitchen Refuse 150 kg Residues Separation Saccharified liquid 100 kg Video

14 Ethanol Production from Food Waste in Kitakyushu Under NEDO Support Food Waste 10 t/d Ethanol plant now operating Power plant from municipal waste Ethanol 400 L/d Kitakyushu Eco Energy Co. Ltd.

15 Sugar Production from EFB (By Nikki) 130t/d SMB: Simulated Moving Bed Adsorber 500t/d Water EFB Saccharification SMB Residues 18t/d H 2 SO 4 352t/d 50t/d(H 2 SO 4 18t/d) 450t/d Conc. H 2 SO 4 (70%) 1200t/d Water 258t/d 10%Sugar Sol. 1040t/d (sugar 104t) H 2 SO 4 3 /kg 18t=54000 For Residues 2000 /t 50t=10000 total 154 k 154 k /104t = 1.5 /kg Resin 100t/y k k /25200t =2 円 /kg Energy fee:for 258t/d water evaporation 129t steam required :129t 500 /t = 円 /kg Labor fee (20 capita) /d 0.4 /kg Running fee 4.5 /kg to produce 1kg of sugar

16 FELDA 社のパームオイル搾油工場の所在地 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) Serting Hilir 水平のラインは FELDA 社のパームオイル工場の所在地を示す FELDA 社はマレーシア全土に 72 工場をもつ

17 ADVANTAGES of Palm Oil Industry as Green Industry!! Business as Usual (key word: BaU) Huge area and green energy by CDM Lower country risk Excellent labors Stability of Counterpart Environmentally & economically friendly business Constant collection of biomass through whole the year as BaU Resources Energy No logistics issues as BaU Even only one mill yields averagely no less than 40,000 tons of standardized biomass (they are not waste but resource!!) as BaU.

18 Novel Business Using Biomass Energy from Palm Oil Industry in Malaysia CDM provides profitable area for novel business to which biomass energy can be supplied from palm oil industry with a very good price CDM provides a complete methane fermentation system and can change lagoon area to the profitable area. for novel business CDM provides electricity using the methane fermentation system to supply to novel business with a very good price. 1. CDM can reduce GHG by sealing lagoons. 2. Local pollution can be prevented. (odd smell from lagoons stopped) 3. Local employment can be encouraged by inviting novel business. According to the economic growth in Malaysia and Indonesia development of new oil palm plantation in the tropical rain forest becomes no longer economically effective. To answer the increasing demand for palm oil in the future, it will become essential palm oil industry must cooperatively stay with other industry and people.

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