Austria Hungary: The Habsburg Heart of Europe. Irmgard Hein Ellingson
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1 Austria Hungary: The Habsburg Heart of Europe Irmgard Hein Ellingson
2 The Habsburg Empire - a common high culture - a common aristocratic ruling class - common state institutions one economic space
3 What factors shaped the identities of those who lived in the Habsburg heart of Europe?
4 The Holy Roman Empire the major political entity in the heart of Europe between 1500 and 1806
5 A more realistic term Austro-German Habsburg Empire Austrian Empire 1814 Austrian-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy
6 Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1512)
7 Charles VI (Karl VI) Charles VI (Karl VI) reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor, and Duke of Austria and sovereign of the Habsburg hereditary lands from He initiated the Great Schwabenzug with the 1 st or Carolingian, settlement in SE Europe.
8 The Enlightened Absolutists or the Enlightened Despots
9 Maria Theresa Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary & Bohemia (reigned )
10 Frederick II of Prussia reigned
11 Catherine II of Russia reigned
12 Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor, Co-Regent of, and then Successor in, Austrian Lands
13
14
15
16 from the Philips' New Historical Atlas for Students, 1911
17
18 Austria-Hungary Cis-Leithania 1. Bohemia 2. Bukovina 3. Carinthia 4. Carniola 5. Dalmatia 6. Galicia, 7. Küstenland 8. Lower Austria 9. Moravia 10. Salzburg 11. Silesia 12. Styria 13. Tyrol 14. Upper Austria Vorarlberg Kingdom of Hungary Transleithania 16. Hungary proper 17. Croatia-Slavonia; Austrian-Hungarian Condominium 18. Bosnia and Herzegovina
19 Where did you come from Papa? tuteszy people from here
20 Ethnic Group earlier Nationality still earlier Race
21 Citizenship - mandatory labor called Frondienst, robot, corvee - crop and livestock shares called Zehent, or tithe - suffrage, or the right to vote
22 Languages The dominant ethnic group in each half of the Empire was a minority in the area that it controlled. Beginning in 1770s, a shift from Latin to the vernacular in state-supervised schools aroused ethnic awareness. Parallel schools offered instruction in various languages if numbers warranted.
23 Languages and the Military Every male in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was required to be available for military service from Jan. 1 in the year of his 19 th birthday until Dec. 31 in the year of his 42 nd birthday. Because the population was made up of so many groups, each with its own language German speaking Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ruthenians, Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, Romanians, Italians, and Islamic Slavs the army was arranged on a territorial model. Whenever possible, men from one area who spoke the same language served together.
24 Austria-Hungary Linguistic Distribution German 24% Hungarian 20% Czech 13% Polish 10% Ruthenian 8% Romanian 6% Croat 5% Slovak 4% Serb 4% Slovene 3% Italian 3%
25 Distribution of Races in Austria-Hungary from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1911
26 The world s 3 great monotheistic - one God - religions were represented in the Habsburg Empire.
27 The oldest monotheistic religion of the world: Judaism. The name derives from the patriarch Judah, whose name designated the tribe and tribal district in which Jerusalem was located. The inhabitants of Judah and members of the tribe of Judah came to be called "Judahites" or in short form, "Jews.
28 Christianity: Roman Catholicism Orthodoxy Greek (Eastern Rite) Catholicism Protestantism
29 Christian Protestantism includes Evangelical / Lutheran Evangelical / Reformed Calvinists Anabaptists
30 The third great monotheistic religion is Islam. Muslim is the name for one who submits himself to Allah, the one God. Mohammed is his Prophet.
31 Religions in Habsburg Empire, 1910 Religion/Denomination Empire Cisleithania Transleithania Bosnia and Herzegovina Catholics 76.6% 90.9% 61.8% 22.9% Protestants 8.9% 2.1% 19.0% 0.0% E. Orthodox 8.7% 2.3% 14.3% 43.5% Jewish 4.4% 4.7% 4.9% 0.6% Muslim 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 32.7%
32 Shatter Belt
33 Emperor Franz Josef I reigned
34 What factors shaped the identities of those who lived in the Habsburg heart of Europe?
35 Ethnic Group Citizenship mandatory labor, suffrage Languages schools, military Religion
36 Whom do you seek, and for what event? ethnic group, citizenship, language, religion In what time frame? At what location was it then, and where is it now? country / state, principality, district, county
37 Who made the record entry? For what church or civil jurisdiction? Where were the records held? Where are they now, after two World Wars?
38 Important! do a place search for locations, resources, and microfilms in the Family History Library Catalog:
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The sea protected the city on three sides. A huge wall protected the fourth. A chain was stretched across the north harbor for even more protection.
Constantinople: The City of Constantine Constantine I was dissatisfied with Rome as his capital. He rebuilt Istanbul and renamed it Constantinople. Rome, Latin speaking, and pagan began its slow decline.
The Xenophile Historian
The Xenophile Historian Map Gallery Map 1: The spread of civilization in thousand-year steps. The purple areas became civilized by 3000 B.C. Civilization spread to the green areas by 2000 B.C., yellow