Regional Sharing Workshop on Assessment of Challenges & Opportunities in the Asia-Pacific Region for Rio +20

Transcription

1 Regional Sharing Workshop on Assessment of Challenges & Opportunities in the Asia-Pacific Region for Rio August, 2011 ICIMOD; Kathmandu, Nepal Presentation on Case Study on Nepal Biogas Programme: Its Success, Failure & Future Opportunities for Meeting Sustainable Mountain Development Goals Authors: Prof. Dr. Amrit B. Karki Ms. Jyoti Karki Presenter: Saroj Rai BSP-Nepal

2 Life without Biogas Women, Children and Environment Bear the Brunt!

3 And Life with Biogas. Biogas brings multiple Socio-economic & environmental benefits. Bio-slurry is equally useful product as organic fertiliser.

4 Thus.. Biogas for Better Life! 4 8/24/2011

5 Biogas Plant Design in Nepal (1): Fixed Dome Design Constructed out of Stone or Brick Masonry Standard Design of Nepal in Use for 2 Decades: GGC 2047 Model Plant Drawing Plant construction almost final. Plant in operation

6 Biogas Plant Design in Nepal (2): A Hydraulic Pressure System with No Moving Parts A Sectional View of Biogas Digester Showing Feed Inlet, Gas Outlet and Slurry Overflow.

7 Case Study Overview 7 Geographical Coverage: Nepal as a whole but with increasing emphasis on reaching remote hill and mountain regions. Overall theme: Promotion of biogas for green economy. Specific Objective: Disseminate biogas as mainstream RE solution, While better addressing poverty, social inclusion and regional balance With enhanced commercialization and sustainability of the sector.

8 Cumulative Biogas Plant Construction VDCs or Municipalities Reached = 2,769

9 Relevance to Three Pillars of SD & SMD: Benefits from Biogas & Bio-Slurry 9 Social Benefits Clean and convenient renewable energy for cooking & lighting Time saving & reduced women s drudgery Improved sanitation/hygiene with toilet connection Economic Benefits Reduced use of firewood, kerosene, dung, etc. Improved manure, improved crop yield Reduces use of chemical fertilizers Income generation opportunities with use of saved time, etc. Environmental Benefits Removes indoor air pollution, saves trees, improves greenery. Substantially, reduces Green House Gas emission.

10 Key Issues & Opportunities (1) 10 Working with market has many merits but there are some limitations as well How to Make Market Work? For the Poor and disadvantaged For remote hill and mountain people For wider promotion of community, institution or business owned biogas plants How to Deliver Quality at Low Cost? While following sustainable financing approaches.

11 Key Issues & Opportunities (2) 11 How to Make Use of Social Capital & Capacity Existing with non-market players in remote areas? Private sector goes where the market takes it to. How to Make Best Uses of Climate Funding Instruments like CDM? Nepal Biogas Programme has set an example by becoming first CDM project in Nepal. The above issues provide big challenges and big opportunities as well.

12 Key Findings & Lessons Leant (1) 12 Biogas Promotion is Challenging Taking an integrated approach with market mechanism is complex, But there is no short-cut to success and Sustainable Development. Seeing is Believing, Demonstrate the Success Quality (not cheap) is most important along with Subsidy for buying down the price and Additional support to reach the poor Additional subsidy, credit, support for income generation, etc.

13 Key Findings & Lessons Leant (2) 13 PPP Works for Rural Development, Provided Good policy & institutional frameworks are in place Starting with few standard quality products Improving design/technology for high altitude, etc. Up-scaling is Lot Easier Working with Private Sector and other Big Players. Replication is Possible & Already Happening SNV is already replicating it in some 7 countries in Asia and so many countries in Africa. But with necessary adaptation and fine-tuning in design and institutional set-ups.

14 Findings (3) Impact of Biogas in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - 1 MDGs Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduced child mortality Nepal Biogas Programme s Contribution Indirect impact thro employment and increased agriculture yield. Direct impact thro reduced drudgery, especially of girl children and thro provision of brighter light. Direct impact thro reduced drudgery of girls and women, cleaner indoor environment and thro improved sanitation and health. Direct impact thro improved maternal health and improved nutrition, etc.

15 Findings (4): Impact of Biogas in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - 2 MDGs Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development. Nepal Biogas Programme s Contribution Direct impact thro reduced drudgery, improved indoor environment, etc. Indirect impact thro reduced incidence of mainly respiratory and eye related diseases. Direct impacts thro saving trees, reduction in GHGs, etc. Direct impact thro CDM, tech. dissemination thro cooperation with private sector, etc.

16 Findings (5): Progressive Market Penetration & High Operation Rate Market Penetration Around 25% of technical potential of around 1.1 m dung based biogas plants in the country. Over 2,775 Village Development Committees or Municipalities reached; all 75 Districts reached. Operational Rate, etc. (Users Survey Results) 94 to 98% plants are operating 63 to 69% plants have toilet connection 74 to 86% users use slurry or after composting. Around 91% biogas users satisfied with the plants.

17 Trend of Household Size Biogas Plant Construction in Nepal Cumulative Biogas Plant Construction from 1992 = 249,814 (BSP = 241,919; GSP = 7,895) Fiscal Year Wise Biogas Plant Construction 25,000 GSP BSP 19,479 21,158 20,056 20,000 17,857 15,527 16,340 17,803 16,118 17,663 14,884 Number of Plants 15,000 10,000 7,157 8,387 9,869 11,052 13,265 11,259 7,1 5,000 3,318 3, / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /11 GSP 1,733 1,105 1,273 1,647 2,137 BSP 3,318 3,506 5,117 7,157 8,387 9,869 11,052 13,265 17,857 15,527 16,340 11,259 17,803 16,118 15,930 13,779 18,206 19,511 17,919 Fiscal Year

18 Cost Effectiveness & Environmental Sustainability 18 Nepal Chose Quality but Not-So-Cheap Solution and Avoided Failure There are ways to make a quality product, affordable as well, Thro innovative financing approaches like micro credit and linkage with income generation. CDM requires high quality products and program. Biogas has All Positive Environ. Impacts And tremendously contributes in Sustainable Development

19 Recommendations for Policy Makers (1) Though complex, integrated approach pays off in long-run To avoid failure, promote proven/rugged technologies; continue R&D Develop market, let it operate and make it work for the poor and disadvantaged with further inter-linkages 19

20 Recommendations for Policy Makers (2) Undertake deeper researches and studies to dig out reasons of success or failures and disseminate for successful up-scaling and replication. Promote learning-sharing of experiences and best practices for faster/better service to the mother earth and the mankind. 20 Thank you