Intestinal Cancer. Intestinal cancer is rare. But eating a high-fat diet or having certain digestive diseases can raise a person s risk.
|
|
- Daniella Cole
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Intestinal Cancer Introduction This reference summary discusses cancer of the small intestines, not cancer of the colon. Intestinal cancer starts in the cells of the small intestine. The small intestine connects the stomach to the large intestine. Intestinal cancer is rare. But eating a high-fat diet or having certain digestive diseases can raise a person s risk. This reference summary will help you better understand what intestinal cancer is and what treatment options are available. The Digestive Tract The digestive tract is made up of organs through which food and liquids pass. The small intestine is part of the digestive tract. This section reviews anatomy that is important in understanding intestinal cancer. Swallowed food goes through the esophagus, which is the feeding tube. Next, food passes through the stomach, where it is partially digested. Digested food goes from the stomach to the small intestine. The small intestine is the longest part of your digestive system. It is where most nutrients are further digested and absorbed into the body. The small intestine has three areas: Duodenum. Jejunum. Ileum. Esophagus Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Stomach Colon 1
2 Fibers and digested food finally reach the colon. In the colon, the rest of the nutrients get absorbed and stools are formed. Stools are also known as feces, or poop. Stools are stored in the last part of the colon before being excreted. This part of the colon is made up of the sigmoid colon and rectum. Stool leaves the body through the anus. The inside wall of the small intestines is called the mucosa. The mucosa of the small intestine contains many folds. The folds are covered with tiny, finger-like growths called villi. The villi allow the small intestine to absorb nutrients. Intestinal Cancer The body is made up of very small cells. Normal cells in the body grow and die in a controlled way. Sometimes cells keep dividing and growing in an uncontrolled way. This causes an abnormal growth called a tumor. If the tumor does not invade nearby tissues and body parts, it is called a benign tumor. A benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth. Benign tumors are usually not life threatening. If the tumor invades nearby tissues and body parts, it is called a malignant tumor, or cancer. Cancer cells spread to different parts of the body through blood vessels and lymph channels. Lymph is a clear fluid produced by the body that drains waste from cells. It travels through special vessels and bean-shaped structures called lymph nodes. Cancer that moves from one tissue to other body parts is known as metastatic cancer. For instance, an intestinal tumor may grow through the small intestine s outer layer and to nearby tissues over time. Cancers in the body are given names, depending on where the cancer started. Cancer that begins in the small intestine will always be called intestinal cancer, even if it spreads to other places. There are many different types of intestinal cancer. This program focuses on the two most common types: adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. The most common type of small intestine cancer is adenocarcinoma. This type starts in the cells that line the inside of the small intestine. Most of these tumors happen in the part of the small intestine near the stomach. They may grow and block the intestine. Adenocarcinoma 2
3 Leiomyosarcoma starts in the smooth muscle cells of the small intestine. Most of these tumors happen in the part of the small intestine near the large intestine. Risk Factors It is usually impossible to specify the cause of cancer in an individual patient. But we do know what causes cancer in general. Health care providers also know factors that can increase the chance of getting cancer. Leiomyosarcoma These are known as risk factors. Eating a high-fat diet raises the risk for intestinal cancer. Eating a high-fiber diet may lower the risk. Fiber helps to get rid of excess fat from the intestines. Having Crohn s disease also raises a person s risk. Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It can affect any area, from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine. High-Fiber Diet High-Fat Diet Another risk factor for intestinal cancer is having celiac disease. In people with celiac disease, the immune system harms the small intestine when a person eats gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye and barely. A history of colonic polyps raises the risk of intestinal cancer. A polyp is an extra piece of tissue that grows inside your body. Colonic polyps grow in the large intestine, or colon. Most are not dangerous, but they can turn into cancer. A person is also at risk for intestinal cancer if they have FAP. FAP stands for familial adenomatous polyposis. It is an inherited condition. FAP causes many polyps to grow on the inside walls of the colon and rectum. Symptoms Intestinal cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. Symptoms often start after the cancer has grown. 3
4 Common symptoms of intestinal cancer include: A lump in the abdomen. Abdominal pain. Black, tarry stool. Blood in the stool. Weakness and extreme tiredness. Weight loss for no reason. Abdominal pain is often the first symptom. Eating may cause the pain to start or to get worse. If a tumor blocks the intestines, it can cause severe pain. It may also cause severe nausea and vomiting. Rarely, intestinal cancer may cause a hole in the wall of the intestine. The partially digested food and other contents of the intestines can then leak into the abdomen. This can also cause severe pain, nausea and vomiting. But the symptoms often start very suddenly. These symptoms may not be caused by intestinal cancer. Make sure to see a health care provider to find out what is causing your symptoms. Diagnosis Your health care provider will ask about your personal and family medical history. A physical exam will be performed. You may also have blood tests or other lab tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms. A blood test can be used to measure how well the liver is working. If a certain substance in the blood is too high, it can be a sign of liver disease. Liver disease may be caused by small intestine cancer. Samples of stool, or poop, may also be collected for testing. A fecal occult blood test checks these samples for blood that can only be seen with a microscope. Imaging tests of the abdomen can be done to find tumors. These tests may include an abdominal x-ray, CT scan or MRI. A CT scan uses an x- ray machine linked to a computer. A CT scan takes a series of detailed pictures of your organs. You may be given contrast material by mouth or injection. This material will make abnormal areas easier to see. 4
5 An MRI uses strong magnets to create images of the inside of the body. You may receive contrast material by injection to make abnormal areas easier to see. A barium enema is a series of x-rays of the lower digestive tract. For this test, a liquid that contains barium is put into the rectum. The barium coats the lower digestive tract and makes it show up better on the x-rays. An upper GI series is also a series of x-rays, but these look at the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. For this test, the patient drinks a liquid that contains barium. An upper endoscopy can look at the inside of the esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine. This procedure uses a thin, lighted tube called an endoscope. It is inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus and to the small intestine. During an endoscopy, samples of tissue may be taken. This is called a biopsy. The samples are then viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells. A lymph node biopsy may also be done. For this biopsy, part or all of a lymph node is removed and examined for cancer cells. Sometimes a surgery called a laparotomy is needed to diagnose intestinal cancer. This surgery involves an incision, or cut, in the wall of the abdomen. A biopsy may also be done during this surgery. A pathologist will then examine the biopsy sample under a microscope to look for cancer cells. A biopsy is the only sure way to know if cancer cells are present. Staging If you have intestinal cancer, your health care provider will determine the stage of the cancer. Staging is an attempt to find out if the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Staging is helpful in deciding the best course of treatment. Stages are usually described using the numbers 1-4; a lower number indicates an earlier stage. 5
6 Intestinal cancer is also described in groups. These groups depend on: How many layers of the intestinal wall the tumor has invaded. Whether or not the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. Whether or not the cancer has spread to distant organs, such as the liver or lungs. Other health care providers may group intestinal cancer according to whether or not the tumor can be completely removed by surgery. Ask your health care provider about what stage of intestinal cancer you have and what that means. Treatment and Supportive Care The type of treatment used depends on the size and location of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the health of the patient. Treatment for intestinal cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or some combination of these treatments. Surgery is the most common treatment of intestinal cancer. It often involves removing part or all of the small intestine. Nearby organs may also be removed if they are affected. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be given in the blood stream through an IV or taken by mouth. It can also be placed in a specific area of the body. The type used depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may sometimes be done together. These treatments may be used on their own, before surgery or after surgery. There may also be clinical trials available for people with intestinal cancer. Clinical trials test new medical approaches and treatments. 6
7 Cancer and its treatment can lead to other health problems. It is important to have supportive care before, during and after cancer treatment. Supportive care is treatment to control symptoms. The goal is to relieve the side effects of therapy and help you cope with emotions. Supportive care also deals with the pain associated with cancer and its treatments. Your health care provider or a pain control specialist can suggest ways to relieve or reduce pain. Summary Intestinal cancers are rare. These cancers begin in the small intestine, which connects the stomach to the large intestine. There are different types of intestinal cancers. The most common type is adenocarcinoma. This type starts in the cells lining the inside of the small intestine. Even though intestinal cancers are rare, eating a high-fat diet or having certain digestive problems can raise a person s risk. These problems include: A history of colonic polyps. Celiac disease. Crohn s disease. FAP. Treatments for intestinal cancer usually include surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Some combination of these treatments may also be used. Intestinal cancer is most treatable in its early stages. Research has already led to advances that have helped people live longer. It continues to find better ways to care for people with intestinal cancer. 7
Mesothelioma. 1995-2013, The Patient Education Institute, Inc. www.x-plain.com ocft0101 Last reviewed: 03/21/2013 1
Mesothelioma Introduction Mesothelioma is a type of cancer. It starts in the tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs. This tissue is called mesothelium. Most people who get this
More informationGallbladder Diseases and Problems
Gallbladder Diseases and Problems Introduction Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. There are many diseases and problems that
More informationThymus Cancer. This reference summary will help you better understand what thymus cancer is and what treatment options are available.
Thymus Cancer Introduction Thymus cancer is a rare cancer. It starts in the small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone. The thymus makes white blood cells that protect the body against
More informationGastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Introduction Gastrointestinal bleeding is a symptom of many diseases rather than a disease itself. A number of different conditions can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Some causes
More informationIntroduction Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer happens mainly in women. But men can get it too.
Male Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer happens mainly in women. But men can get it too. Many people do not know that men can get breast
More informationUnderstanding. Pancreatic Cancer
Understanding Pancreatic Cancer Understanding Pancreatic Cancer The Pancreas The pancreas is an organ that is about 6 inches long. It s located deep in your belly between your stomach and backbone. Your
More informationBy Anne C. Travis, M.D., M.Sc. and John R. Saltzman, M.D., FACG Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
SMALL BOWEL BLEEDING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT By Anne C. Travis, M.D., M.Sc. and John R. Saltzman, M.D., FACG Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 1. What is the small
More informationMultiple Myeloma. This reference summary will help you understand multiple myeloma and its treatment options.
Multiple Myeloma Introduction Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. Each year, thousands of people find out that they have multiple myeloma. This reference summary will help
More informationLung Cancer. This reference summary will help you better understand lung cancer and the treatment options that are available.
Lung Cancer Introduction Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer of men and women. Over 165,000 people die of lung cancer every year in the United States. Most cases of lung cancer are related to cigarette
More informationSmoking and misuse of certain pain medicines can affect the risk of developing renal cell cancer.
Renal cell cancer Renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney. Renal cell cancer (also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma) is a disease in which
More informationColon and Rectal Cancer
Colon and Rectal Cancer What is colon or rectal cancer? Colon or rectal cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in your large intestine, which is also called the large bowel. The colon is the last 5 feet
More informationFrequently Asked Questions About Ovarian Cancer
Media Contact: Gerri Gomez Howard Cell: 303-748-3933 gerri@gomezhowardgroup.com Frequently Asked Questions About Ovarian Cancer What is ovarian cancer? Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues
More informationHow common is bowel cancer?
information Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology Bowel Cancer (1 of 6) How common is bowel cancer? Each year 35,000 people in Britain are diagnosed with cancer of the bowel, that is to say cancer
More informationPancreatic Cancer Understanding your diagnosis
Pancreatic Cancer Understanding your diagnosis Let s Make Cancer History 1 888 939-3333 cancer.ca Pancreatic Cancer Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer you may feel alone
More informationLaparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions
Laparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions What are the Colon and Rectum? The colon and rectum together make up the large intestine. After
More informationMesothelioma: Questions and Answers
CANCER FACTS N a t i o n a l C a n c e r I n s t i t u t e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s o f H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s Mesothelioma: Questions
More informationLung Cancer: Diagnosis, Staging and Treatment
PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Staging and Treatment Cancer begins in our cells. Cells are the building blocks of our tissues. Tissues make up the organs of the body.
More informationBrain Cancer. This reference summary will help you understand how brain tumors are diagnosed and what options are available to treat them.
Brain Cancer Introduction Brain tumors are not rare. Thousands of people are diagnosed every year with tumors of the brain and the rest of the nervous system. The diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors
More informationQuick Facts about Appendix Cancer
Quick Facts about Appendix Cancer What is the appendix? The appendix is a pouch-like tube attached to the first part of the large intestine (cecum). The appendix is about 10 centimetres long and has no
More informationFor Yourself and Loved Ones. A Colorectal Cancer Kit from NFCR
For Yourself and Loved Ones A Colorectal Cancer Kit from NFCR ABOUT THE NFCR COLORECTAL CANCER PREVENTION AND DETECTION KIT Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous
More informationGastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) What is cancer?
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) What is cancer? The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die in an orderly way. During the early years
More informationSmall cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer Small cell lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped breathing organs that are found within
More informationBile Duct Diseases and Problems
Bile Duct Diseases and Problems Introduction A bile duct is a tube that carries bile between the liver and gallbladder and the intestine. Bile is a substance made by the liver that helps with digestion.
More informationColorectal Cancer Care A Cancer Care Map for Patients
Colorectal Cancer Care A Cancer Care Map for Patients Understanding the process of care that a patient goes through in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in BC. Colorectal Cancer Care Map
More informationBreast Cancer. Sometimes cells keep dividing and growing without normal controls, causing an abnormal growth called a tumor.
Breast Cancer Introduction Cancer of the breast is the most common form of cancer that affects women but is no longer the leading cause of cancer deaths. About 1 out of 8 women are diagnosed with breast
More informationPeptic Ulcer. Anatomy The stomach is a hollow organ. It is located in the upper abdomen, under the ribs.
Peptic Ulcer Introduction A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of your small intestine. Peptic ulcers may also develop in the esophagus. Nearly
More informationAcute Myeloid Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Introduction Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. The increased number of these cells leads to overcrowding of healthy blood cells. As a result, the healthy cells are not
More informationColorectal Cancer Facts and Figures In support of the SPECTAcolor Biobank Project
Colorectal Cancer Facts and Figures In support of the SPECTAcolor Biobank Project ITALY Contact: Mathilde Fenoulhet, Fundraising Project Coordinator EORTC Headquarters mathilde.fenoulhet@eortc.be +32 2
More informationGeneral Information About Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
General Information About Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Non-small cell lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped breathing
More informationCEU Update. Pancreatic Cancer
CEU Update A semi-annual publication of the National Association for Health Professionals June 2015 Issue #0615 Pancreatic Cancer The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. (PanCAN), established in 1999,
More informationGastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) What are gastrointestinal stromal tumors? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer,
More informationProblems of the Digestive System
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists f AQ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ120 WOMEN S HEALTH Problems of the Digestive System What are some common digestive problems? What is constipation?
More informationEsophageal Cancer. Understanding your diagnosis
Esophageal Cancer Understanding your diagnosis Esophageal Cancer Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer, you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large
More informationColorectal Cancer: Preventable, Beatable, Treatable. American Cancer Society
Colorectal Cancer: Preventable, Beatable, Treatable American Cancer Society Reviewed January 2016 What we ll be talking about How common is colorectal cancer? What is colorectal cancer? What causes it?
More informationUnderstanding Pleural Mesothelioma
Understanding Pleural Mesothelioma UHN Information for patients and families Read this booklet to learn about: What is pleural mesothelioma? What causes it? What are the symptoms? What tests are done to
More informationColorectal Cancer: Preventable, Beatable, Treatable. American Cancer Society
Colorectal Cancer: Preventable, Beatable, Treatable American Cancer Society Reviewed January 2013 What we ll be talking about How common is colorectal cancer? What is colorectal cancer? What causes it?
More informationHow To Understand How Cancer Works
Mesothelioma Understanding your diagnosis Mesothelioma Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer, you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large amount of
More informationAFTER DIAGNOSIS: PROSTATE CANCER Understanding Your Treatment Options
AFTER DIAGNOSIS: PROSTATE CANCER Understanding Your Treatment Options INTRODUCTION This booklet describes how prostate cancer develops, how it affects the body and the current treatment methods. Although
More informationCancer of the Cervix
Cancer of the Cervix WOMENCARE A Healthy Woman is a Powerful Woman (407) 898-1500 A woman's cervix (the opening of the uterus) is lined with cells. Cancer of the cervix occurs when those cells change,
More informationCOLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING
COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING By Douglas K. Rex, M.D., FACG & Suthat Liangpunsakul, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis,
More informationLarge bowel cancer. Large bowel cancer: English
Large bowel cancer: English Large bowel cancer This fact sheet is about how cancer of the large bowel is diagnosed and treated. We also have fact sheets in your language about chemotherapy, radiotherapy,
More informationPancreatic Cancer Information for patients and their families
Pancreatic Cancer Information for patients and their families This handout answers common questions that are often asked by our patients and families. The information in this booklet is what we talked
More informationBowel cancer: should I be screened?
Patient information from the BMJ Group Bowel cancer: should I be screened? Bowel cancer is a serious condition, but there are good treatments. Treatment works best if it's started early.to pick up early
More informationColorectal Cancer Treatment
Scan for mobile link. Colorectal Cancer Treatment Colorectal cancer overview Colorectal cancer, also called large bowel cancer, is the term used to describe malignant tumors found in the colon and rectum.
More informationThe recommendations made throughout this book are by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
INTRODUCTION This book has been prepared for people with bowel cancer, their families and friends. The first section is for people with bowel cancer, and is intended to help you understand what bowel cancer
More informationRadiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Introduction Cancer of the prostate is the most common form of cancer that affects men. About 240,000 American men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year. Your
More informationEarly Prostate Cancer: Questions and Answers. Key Points
CANCER FACTS N a t i o n a l C a n c e r I n s t i t u t e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s o f H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s Early Prostate Cancer:
More informationSmall Intestine Cancer
Small Intestine Cancer What is a small intestine cancer? The gastrointestinal (digestive) system The digestive system processes food for energy and rids your body of solid waste. After you chew and swallow
More informationHEALTH EFFECTS. Inhalation
Health Effects HEALTH EFFECTS Asbestos can kill you. You must take extra precautions when you work with asbestos. Just because you do not notice any problems while you are working with asbestos, it still
More informationStomach Cancer Overview
Stomach Cancer Overview The information that follows is an overview of this type of cancer. It is based on the more detailed information in Stomach Cancer. This document and other information can be obtained
More informationRADIATION THERAPY FOR LYMPHOMA. Facts to Help Patients Make an Informed Decision TARGETING CANCER CARE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY
RADIATION THERAPY FOR Facts to Help Patients Make an Informed Decision TARGETING CANCER CARE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY FACTS ABOUT The lymphatic system is a network of tiny vessels extending
More informationLung Cancer Understanding your diagnosis
Lung Cancer Understanding your diagnosis Lung Cancer Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large amount of information
More informationDisease/Illness GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER. What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? www.simpsonmillar.co.uk Telephone 0844 858 3200
GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? Like tobacco smoking, exposure to asbestos can result in the development of lung cancer. Similarly, the risk of developing asbestos induced lung
More informationCervical Cancer The Importance of Cervical Screening and Vaccination
Cervical Cancer The Importance of Cervical Screening and Vaccination Cancer Cells Cancer begins in cells, the building blocks that make up tissues. Tissues make up the organs of the body. Sometimes, this
More informationBowel (Colorectal) Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Bowel (Colorectal) Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Introduction The information in this document has been reproduced with the permission of the Colorectal and Stoma Care Team, Barts & the London NHS Trust.
More informationCrohn s Disease. What I need to know about. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What I need to know about Crohn s Disease NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse U.S. Department of Health and Human Services What I need to know about Crohn
More informationEsophageal Cancer Treatment
Scan for mobile link. Esophageal Cancer Treatment What is Esophageal Cancer? Esophageal cancer occurs when cancer cells develop in the esophagus, a long, tube-like structure that connects the throat and
More informationNeuroendocrine Tumors
Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine tumors arise from cells that release a hormone in response to a signal from the nervous system. Neuro refers to the nervous system. Endocrine refers to the hormones.
More informationDiagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Main Page Risk Factors Reducing Your Risk Screening Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Overview Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Surgical Procedures Lifestyle Changes Managing Side Effects Talking to Your Doctor
More informationNational Cancer Institute. What You Need TM. To Know About. Stomach Cancer. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute What You Need TM To Know About Stomach Cancer U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Services This is only one of
More informationENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS)
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS) What you need to know before your procedure Your Doctor has decided that an EUS is necessary for further evaluation and treatment of your condition. This information sheet has
More informationLIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS
LIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS LIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS Healthy Liver Cirrhotic Liver Tumour What causes liver cancer? Many factors may play a role in the development of cancer. Because the liver filters blood
More informationMelanoma The Skin Understanding Cancer
Melanoma A form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or
More informationYour bladder cancer diary. WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network
Your bladder cancer diary WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network Patient information and persons to contact Your Name Date of Birth URMN (Patient Hospital Unit Number) Address Phone Mobile GP Name Phone
More informationThere are many different types of cancer and sometimes cancer is diagnosed when in fact you are not suffering from the disease at all.
About Cancer Cancer is a disease where there is a disturbance in the normal pattern of cell replacement. The cells mutate and become abnormal or grow uncontrollably. Not all tumours are cancerous (i.e.
More informationThe lungs What is lung cancer? How common is it? Risks & symptoms Diagnosis & treatment options
Why We re Here The lungs What is lung cancer? How common is it? Risks & symptoms Diagnosis & treatment options What Are Lungs? What Do They Do? 1 Located in the chest Allow you to breathe Provide oxygen
More informationLearning Objectives. Introduction to Medical Careers. Vocabulary: Chapter 16 FACTS. Functions. Organs. Digestive System Chapter 16
Learning Objectives Introduction to Medical Careers Digestive System Chapter 16 Define at least 10 terms relating to the digestive Describe the four functions of the digestive Identify different structures
More informationGetting Energy from Food Your Digestive System
9 Getting Energy from Food Your Digestive System The Digestive System You know how your body gets the oxygen it needs. But how do your body s cells get the nutrients they need? Nutrients come from the
More informationTreating Localized Prostate Cancer A Review of the Research for Adults
Treating Localized Prostate Cancer A Review of the Research for Adults Is this information right for me? Yes, this information is right for you if: Your doctor * said all tests show you have localized
More informationTreating Oesophageal Cancer A Quick Guide
Treating Oesophageal Cancer A Quick Guide Contents This is a brief summary of the information on Treating from our website. You will find more detailed information on the website. In this information there
More informationDigestive System Why is digestion important? How is food digested? Physical Digestion and Movement
Digestive System The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus and other organs that help the body break down
More informationNational Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Gastritis National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse U.S. Department of Health and Human Services NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH What is gastritis? Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach
More informationSurgery for oesophageal cancer
Surgery for oesophageal cancer This information is an extract from the booklet Understanding oesophageal cancer (cancer of the gullet). You may find the full booklet helpful. We can send you a free copy
More informationCancer of the Esophagus
National Cancer Institute What You Need To Know About Cancer of the Esophagus U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Services This is only
More informationColorectal cancer. A guide for journalists on colorectal cancer and its treatment
Colorectal cancer A guide for journalists on colorectal cancer and its treatment Contents Contents 2 3 Section 1: Colorectal cancer 4 i. What is colorectal cancer? 4 ii. Causes and risk factors 4 iii.
More informationGuide to Abdominal or Gastroenterological Surgery Claims
What are the steps towards abdominal surgery? Investigation and Diagnosis It is very important that all necessary tests are undertaken to investigate the patient s symptoms appropriately and an accurate
More information95% of childhood kidney cancer cases are Wilms tumours. Childhood kidney cancer is extremely rare, with only 90 cases a year in
James Whale Fund for Kidney Cancer Childhood kidney cancer factsheet Kidney cancer rarely afflicts children and about 90 paediatric cases are diagnosed in the UK each year. About 75% of childhood kidney
More informationSkin cancer Patient information
Skin cancer Patient information What is cancer? The human body is made up of billions of cells. In healthy people, cells grow, divide and die. New cells constantly replace old ones in an orderly way. This
More informationKidney Cancer. Understanding your diagnosis
Kidney Cancer Understanding your diagnosis Kidney Cancer Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer, you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large amount
More informationSurgery. Wedge resection only part of the lung, not. not a lobe, is removed. Cancer Council NSW
The treatment you receive will depend on your lung cancer type, for example, whether you have a non-small cell lung cancer Adenocarcinoma or Squamous cell carcinoma, and if this is a sub-type with a mutation.
More informationDigestive System. Gross Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive System Gross Anatomy and Physiology I. Introduction A. Base Function: Working with the circulatory system the digestive system provides the body with fuel. B. Main players: 1. Digestive tract:
More informationWhat will the doctor do?
Information about Pancreatic Cancer www.corecharity.org.uk What are the symptoms? What are the causes? Pancreatic Cancer explained When should I consult a doctor? What will the doctor do? How should I
More informationWHAT S WRONG WITH MY GALL BLADDER? GALL BLADDER POLYPS
WHAT S WRONG WITH MY GALL BLADDER? GALL BLADDER POLYPS This is a patient information booklet providing specific practical information about gall bladder polyps in brief. Its aim is to provide the patient
More informationWhat Is Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)? CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE (C. DIFF)
What Is Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)? Clostridium difficile, or C. diff for short, is an infection from a bacterium, or bug, that can grow in your intestines and cause bad GI symptoms. The main risk
More informationLYMPHOMA IN DOGS. Diagnosis/Initial evaluation. Treatment and Prognosis
LYMPHOMA IN DOGS Lymphoma is a relatively common cancer in dogs. It is a cancer of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and lymphoid tissues. Lymphoid tissue is normally present in many places in the
More informationSurgery and cancer of the pancreas
Surgery and cancer of the pancreas This information is an extract from the booklet Understanding cancer of the pancreas. You may find the full booklet helpful. We can send you a free copy see page 8. Introduction
More informationThe Digestive System
School of Social Work The Digestive System Undergraduate researcher: Nancy D. Bergerson (2010). 1 The Digestive System breaks down and absorbs food. When food is eaten, it is not in a form the body can
More informationX-Plain Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer - Adriamycin, Cytoxan, and Tamoxifen Reference Summary
X-Plain Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer - Adriamycin, Cytoxan, and Tamoxifen Reference Summary Introduction Breast cancer is a common condition that affects one out of every 11 women. Your doctor has recommended
More informationCancer of the Pancreas
National Cancer Institute What You Need TM To Know About Cancer of the Pancreas U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Services This is only
More informationUnderstanding Your Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
Understanding Your Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Introduction This guide is designed to help you clarify and understand the decisions that need to be made about your care for the
More informationLab 18 The Digestive System
Lab 18 The Digestive System Laboratory Objectives Identify on a diagram, model or cadaver the parts of the digestive system and accessory organs. Describe the general histology of the digestive system.
More informationDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
DIAGNOSIS: DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) This factsheet gives information on an early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). It explains what it is, how your breast is made
More informationX-ray (Radiography), Lower GI Tract
Scan for mobile link. X-ray (Radiography), Lower GI Tract What is Lower GI Tract X-ray Radiography (Barium Enema)? Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract radiography, also called a lower GI or barium enema,
More informationNon-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
Non-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours NET Patient Foundation Non-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours This booklet is intended to provide patients and their carers with information
More informationColorectal Cancer Overview
Colorectal Cancer Overview The information that follows is based on the more detailed information in our document Colorectal Cancer. What is colorectal cancer? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin
More informationNational Cancer Institute. What You Need TM. To Know About. Ovarian Cancer. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute What You Need TM To Know About Ovarian Cancer U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Contents About This Booklet 1 The Ovaries 2 Understanding
More informationCONTENTS: WHAT S IN THIS BOOKLET
Q Questions & A & Answers About Your Prostate Having a biopsy test to find out if you may have prostate cancer can bring up a lot of questions. This booklet will help answer those questions. CONTENTS:
More informationLung Cancer. Understanding your diagnosis
Lung Cancer Understanding your diagnosis Lung Cancer Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer, you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large amount of
More informationWHEN PROSTATE CANCER RETURNS: ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER. How Will I Know If My Prostate Cancer Returns?
WHEN PROSTATE CANCER RETURNS: ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER (The following information is based on the general experiences of many prostate cancer patients. Your experience may be different.) How Will I Know
More informationPeople Living with Cancer
Patient Guide ASCOInformation for People Living with Cancer ADVANCED LUNG CANCER TREATMENT Recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Welcome The American Society of Clinical Oncology
More information