Hadoop in the Cloud. Lot 2 - Platform as a Service. Version: 2.0, Issue Date: 05/12/2014. Classification: Open

Transcription

1 Hadoop in the Cloud Version: 2.0, Issue Date: 05/12/2014 Classification: Open

2 Classification: Open ii MDS Technologies Ltd /12/2014. Other than for the sole purpose of evaluating this Response, no part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the written permission of MDS Technologies Ltd. MDS Technologies Ltd, Spring Park, Westwells Road, Corsham, Wiltshire SN13 9GB Telephone: , Fax: Contents Why MDS?... 1 Summary of service benefits... 1 Product Overview... 1 Example Use Cases... 2 Trial Service... 2 Information Assurance... 3 Product Features... 3 Technical Features... 3 Skyscape Service Features... 4 Service Options... 5 Backup/Recovery and Disaster Recovery... 6 Pricing Model... 7 Commitment Discount... 9 Related Services Appendix... 11

3 Classification: Open 1 Why MDS? A tailored cloud solution that fits your business needs Full range of cloud hosting options from pure public cloud to hybrid cloud and physical enablement solutions A support team which is based on the same highly secure campus as our cloud platform An assured cloud platform that is independently validated for OFFICIAL and OFFICIAL SENSITIVE data A fully managed platform, supported up to Operating System Over 12 years experience of providing infrastructure services SC cleared operational support staff 24/7 support through our ITIL-aligned Service Desk Additional professional services such as project delivery and technical consultancy ISO 27001, ISO 9001, ISO14001 accredited Over 12 years experience in supporting Public Sector customers A privately owned, UK sovereign company We are an SME - agile with minimal bureaucracy PROFESSIONAL, PERSONALISED SOLUTIONS Summary of service benefits Exceptional value Our Hadoop optimised infrastructure delivers a secure, scalable and inexpensive platform for Hadoop Flexible and Adaptable the ideal Hadoop platform for proof of concept/proof of value exercises as well as production ready services UK Sovereign an assured cloud platform delivered from two secure UK data centres by a UK company with SC cleared UK staff Disaster tolerant two Tier 3 UK data centres separated by more than 100km and securely connected by high bandwidth, low latency dedicated connectivity enabling synchronous replication Optimised for OFFICIAL hosted in the UK and operated by SC cleared staff, the service benefits from extensive independent validation that it is properly aligned with CESG Cloud Security Principles making it the ideal service for all data classified at OFFICIAL (including OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE) and legacy IL0-IL4 solutions Flexible Connectivity options Connect via our DDoS protected Internet, a government community network (e.g. PSN Assured service, PSN Protected service, N3 or legacy GCF networks including PNN, GSI, GSE etc.) or by HybridConnect using your own dedicated circuits such as CPA encrypted tunnels, Leased Lines or MPLS. Product Overview Hadoop in the Cloud from Skyscape is an implementation of Hadoop built upon Skyscape s assured and secured infrastructure and environments (blue components in figure 1). The service enables organisations to explore the potential of big data solutions, along with deploying production grade environments, all without having to invest in the traditional cost, time and risk associated with on-premises purchasing, provisioning and configuring Hadoop infrastructure, platforms and licenses. Skyscape s service has been designed specifically for the UK public sector and is available only to the UK public sector. The service supports and complies with all relevant areas of the Government ICT Strategy and Information Principles for the UK Public Sector. Skyscape s data centres are some of the most energy efficient in the world and as such support the Green Government ICT Strategy in full.

4 Classification: Open 2 Data Architecture Application Architecture Tuning & Optimisation Data Ingest Tool Selection (Hive, HAWQ, etc) Analytics (e.g. MapReduce) Visualisation (Data Science) Customers /Partners Hadoop in the Cloud Skyscape service Hosted in Secure UK Data Centres Powered by OFFICIAL classified Infrastructure Well connected to Internet, PSN and N3* Figure 1 Solution Elements This service is targeted at Data Scientists as a data platform service rather than at end users who usually expect a complete SaaS analytics solution. Data Scientists can leverage the Skyscape service to build higher layer services for end-users. Using this service, Data Scientists can rapidly provision capacity optimised for Hadoop to support data intensive tasks such as indexing, mining, analytics and so on (orange components in figure 1). Skyscape s service has been designed specifically for the UK public sector and is available only to the UK public sector. The service supports and complies with all relevant areas of the Government ICT Strategy and Information Principles for the UK Public Sector. Skyscape s datacentres are some of the most energy efficient in the world and as such support the Green Government ICT Strategy in full. MDS is a reseller, at cost, of this Skyscape service. Example Use Cases Simpler Better Cheaper Many organisations are new to Hadoop and the unfamiliarity often leads to a perception of complexity as one is confronted with terms such as HDFS, NameNodes, DataNodes, blocks, etc. The Skyscape service removes the complexity of designing and deploying a Hadoop enabled infrastructure, allowing you to focus on managing and analysing your data. Trial Service Hadoop is promoted as a compelling solution to many data analytics requirements. However, many customers are still to determine the specific value that Hadoop can bring to their individual environments. The Skyscape service enables customers to leverage Hadoop solutions (without having to make a disproportionate investment) and rapidly conduct PoC/PoV evaluations to determine long term value. Hadoop solutions typically require a significant investment in dedicated hardware. Not only does this represent an unwanted capital expenditure for customers, but related operating expenses such as hardware maintenance, power/cooling, and similar are also not insignificant. The Skyscape service requires no upfront investment and no minimum commitment true usage based billing. Skyscape offer a free trial of a pre-configured installation of a production grade Hadoop in the Cloud environment, as per the Starter Pack configuration defined below. Your trial will be limited to 2TB HDFS storage for full functionality/proof of concept testing, with a time limit of 30 days. Free trial conditions as outlined in Appendix A of Skyscape Standard Terms & Conditions will apply.

5 Classification: Open 3 Information Assurance The Skyscape assured cloud platform is designed and optimised to meet the unique information assurance needs of UK public sector organisations. UK Sovereign cloud platform delivered from two secure UK data centres by a UK company with SC cleared UK staff Suitable for all data classified at OFFICIAL, including OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE data under the Government Security Classification Policy (GSCP) Suitable for legacy IL2, IL3 and IL4 (by aggregation) systems under the Government Protective Marking Scheme (GPMS) Extensive independent validation of alignment with the CESG Cloud Security Principles Planned Accredited PSN Service enabling secure, compliant access via both PSN Assured and PSN Protected networks Independently certified against ISO27001, Cyber Essentials Plus and members of the Cloud Security Alliance Secure (List X) and resilient (Tier 3) UK data centres facilities capable of hosting data classified at SECRET Product Features Hadoop in the Cloud provides a flexible and scalable Hadoop data platform which offers the following benefits: Rapidly provision Hadoop enabled infrastructure; avoid the cost, time and risk associated with procuring dedicated infrastructure Scale up the amount of resources allocated to your Hadoop cluster as your requirements change or evolves Hadoop HDFS Storage and the map reduce capabilities are separated from the Analytics Engines allowing for even greater flexibility, choice and cost savings by only provisioning the analytic components you need when you actually need them A cloud platform optimised specifically for Hadoop, in-line with best practices established by VMware and the Hadoop community Powered by Hortonworks HDP at launch, with additional distributions becoming available during 2015 Hortonworks HDP Based upon Apache TM - 100% Open Source Free to use enterprise distribution and features Support subscriptions are available directly from Hortonworks Assured security the service is hosted on infrastructure which is available at both Assured OFFICIAL and Elevated OFFICIAL security domains, hosted in highly resilient Tier 3, UK sovereign data centres and benefits from Protective Monitoring Green the Skyscape service is based in UK data centres which offer market leading efficiency for power and cooling Technical Features Skyscape use VMware vsphere as the hypervisor for the underlying IaaS service, with Hortonworks HDP being deployed at launch as the enabling Hadoop distribution.

6 Classification: Open 4 Skyscape will provide a deployment of the Hadoop Core Platform based upon its secured and assured infrastructure which has been specifically engineered for Hadoop. The Hadoop Core Platform consists of the following modules and associate supporting services: Hadoop Common: The common utilities that support the other Hadoop modules Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS ): A distributed file system that provides high-throughput access to application data Hadoop YARN: A framework for job scheduling and cluster resource management Hadoop MapReduce v2: A YARN-based system for parallel processing of large data sets The modules in the Hadoop Core Platform will facilitate data ingress, egress and native MapReduce v2 applications. In addition to the Hadoop Core Platform, Skyscape will also provision a Hadoop cluster management server based upon Ambari, a 100% open source project, for customers to manage and maintain their whole Hadoop cluster. Skyscape Service Features Skyscape will monitor and support all the VMs pertaining to the embedded Hadoop Core Platform as outlined in the Level 1 section of figure 2 along with providing reasonable endeavours support for all associated services required to provide the Hadoop Core Platform. Skyscape will support the container VM s pertaining to the Analytics Engines as outlined in the Level 2 section of figure 2, however Skyscape will not be responsible for the management of any image, software or service deployed within these VM s.

7 Skyscape Fully Embedded Environment Skyscape Configured Unmanaged VMs Customer Provisioned & Managed Environment Classification: Open 5 Skyscape s Hadoop in the Cloud Level 3 SAS Tableua Other... Level 2 HAWQ/ Hive HBASE Other... SCALABLE Level 1 Primary NameNode/ History Server Compute Secondary NameNode/ Resource Manager Compute Compute Ambari Management Server/ Gateway Storage Storage Storage SCALABLE Figure 2 Hadoop in the Cloud Topology From figure 2 you can see that the Skyscape Hadoop in the Cloud service is extensible allowing for additional Analytic Engines to be deployed to facilitate function beyond data ingest, egress and MapReduce v2 jobs, these include; Hortonworks HDP Knox for enhanced cluster security Apache TM Spark which is an in-memory data store on Hadoop Apache TM Falcon for data management and pipeline processing Apache TM Kafka - a fast, scalable, durable, and fault-tolerant publish-subscribe messaging system Note: Any additional functions will be deployed in to the Level 2 space within figure 2 and will be the responsibility of the customer or third party to manage and maintain. Service Options Skyscape will use reasonable endeavours to monitor the services and resources that underpin the Hadoop Core Platform, and ensure that the availability of Hadoop in the Cloud in a given calendar month equals the Hadoop Core Platform Availability Commitment of 99.50%. Availability of additional Hadoop Analytic Engine VM s (see Level 2 section of figure 2) are excluded from the Cluster Availability calculation, but are subject to their own availability calculations based upon the availability of the containing VM as per Skyscape s Compute as a Service product. The Availability Commitment for Level 2 VMs within our Hadoop in the Cloud product shall be a minimum of 99.90% dependent upon service level selected.

8 Classification: Open 6 If the availability of the Hadoop Core Platform Service is less than the associated availability commitment, the customer may request service credits for the service within 30 calendar days of the service being deemed unavailable. For more detailed information on our SLAs please request the Skyscape SLA definition document. Skyscape provides both an availability SLA and response time SLA for Hadoop as a Service as per the following table. Incident response Availability (monthly*) 99.50% P1 within 15 minutes P2 within 4 hours P3 within 24 hours P4 within 72 hours Service credits 3% of monthly spend for affected Hadoop Cluster * Availability indication based on an average 730hrs per month. Excludes planned & emergency maintenance. Unavailability definition Where the Hadoop Core Platform becomes unresponsive due to a fault within the Skyscape embedded environment, as recognised at Level 1 in figure 2. (i.e. where fault is within Skyscape controlled components such as the virtual infrastructure, storage, power and physical firewalls and routers etc.). Exclusions from any unavailability definitions or calculations shall include; Where fault rest with external connectivity providers (e.g. internet, PSN) and components collocated at Skyscape Any fault deemed to be within the consumer s control (ie. Powering down cluster or nodes, user deletion of cluster or nodes, etc.) In addition, Skyscape also provide an availability service level target on the Skyscape API and Portal. I.e. the ability to login to manage your environment via portal, create support tickets and use other functions. Access to the API allows direct commands to be sent to the environment for programmatic control of the Skyscape Compute Service. Target Availability (monthly*) Target Availability (monthly*) 99.90% Service credits Backup/Recovery and Disaster Recovery 1% of monthly spend per 1% below service level target or part thereof As standard, the storage engine of Hadoop, HDFS, has been engineered with infrastructure failure in mind. As such, localised component failures are tolerated within the infrastructure via data replication, thereby by eliminating single points of failure (including physical server failure or disk failure). Hadoop v allows for the manual creation of snapshots of HDFS which can then be stored off-line using Skyscape s Cloud Storage.

9 Classification: Open 7 Pricing Model Skyscape s Hadoop in the Cloud environment provides customer the flexibility to scale up HDFS Storage resources as and when required, whilst still retaining elasticity around analytic requirements. Pricing Matrix Assured OFFICIAL per TB hour Medium Nodes Large Nodes Elevated OFFICIAL per TB hour Assured OFFICIAL per TB hour Elevated OFFICIAL per TB hour Starter Pack Additional Slave Node(s) Large Nodes subject to availability Notes: Storage sizes reflect HDFS Cluster storage (already includes 3 HDFS replicas) Storage sizes are stated as raw capacity and might be slightly less Storage is expanded in 2TB (medium) or 6TB (large) blocks Starter Pack includes initial 2TB (medium) or 6TB (large) Pricing in the above table is based on GBP ( ) per hour (part hour charged as a whole hour, part 1TB of Hadoop HDFS cluster storage will be rounded up to the next whole TB) The pricing for the following items can be found in the Skyscape Pricing Guide. Data ingestion and extraction Connectivity options Hadoop Core Platform Starter Pack Configuration Management Node 1 (Ambari/Gateway) Management Node 2 (NameNode 1) Management Node 3 (NameNode 2) Slave Node 1 (DataNode 1) Slave Node 2 (DataNode 2) Slave Node 3 (DataNode 3) Figure 3 Hadoop Core Platform Minimal Starter Pack Configuration

10 Classification: Open 8 As shown in Figure 3, the minimal Starter Pack configuration which Skyscape shall deploy to provide a production grade Hadoop Core Platform shall be: 3 x Management Nodes 1 x Ambari Node, 2 x NameNodes 3 x Slave Nodes Minimal* number of nodes required for three factor data replication to provide the Hadoop cluster with protected persistent HDFS storage Notes: *HDFS Cluster storage can be expanded beyond the initial three Slave Nodes as capacity requirements grow (Note lead times in Appendix). In addition, in order to ensure your data is constantly accessible full hourly usage charges will apply to any provisioned Hadoop node regardless of its state (running, shutdown, paused). Whitepapers are available within Skyscape's Knowledge Center describing how to egress and ingress data from your Hadoop cluster to our Cloud Storage product. Analytic Engine VMs Customers can deploy and remove VMs to provide Analytic Engine resources as required. These additional VMs will be based upon our Master Node VM type and charged accordingly. Note: No Analytic Engine VMs are deployed by Skyscape as part of the default Hadoop in the Cloud Service. Licensing and Subscription (optional) Skyscape Hadoop in the Cloud is powered at launch by Hortonworks HDP Hortonworks HDP is free to use with no limitations or restrictions, but does not entitle customers to Hadoop support from Skyscape beyond reasonable endeavours. Customers are able to purchase support subscriptions directly from Hortonworks to provide you with support on your HDP cluster Although Skyscape will manage the resources required to ensure the availability of our Hadoop Core Platform service, we will not manage the analytics or software stacks that sit above. Unless your organisation has embedded Hadoop expertise and experience, we would strongly suggest undertaking a support subscription to assist with support and usage issues beyond our Hadoop Core Platform Service. Note: Whilst awaiting integration with Hadoop distributions other than Hortonworks HDP, customers still have the option to deploy upon Skyscape s IaaS product and manage their cluster directly or via a partner (i.e. Customers may deploy PivotalHDTM Enterprise edition upon Skyscape s IaaS and to benefit from support directly from Pivotal ). Select your partner Skyscape provides the Hadoop Core Platform service as a platform on which technical data scientists can build analysis, visualisation and other related business tools Customers who have (or are developing) in-house skills and experience with Hadoop should be able to gain benefit from using Skyscape Hadoop in the Cloud directly. However, customers expecting a service providing Business Intelligence or data analytics will require a specialist partner such as MDS to build those layers on top of the Skyscape Hadoop in the Cloud stack In addition, customers may choose to use a specialist partner such as MDS for a variety of enablement services and customers may also choose to use software services which might require licenses or support subscriptions as shown in figure 4.

11 Classification: Open 9 Supported Hortonworks HDP? Choose Number of Slave Nodes (Min 3) Choose Number of Slave Nodes (Min 3) Deploy Cluster Purchase Support Subscription from Hortonworks Deploy Cluster Select a Partner (Optional) Assessments PoC/PoV Consulting Data Science Training Commitment Discount Figure 4 Hadoop in the Cloud Support Subscription Example Consumers commit to spending a specific minimum amount each month for a minimum of 12 months. The discount level attained is based on the total spend committed for qualifying products (for example Skyscape Cloud Storage is excluded). To achieve the discount, the consumer will fix a value that they will commit to spend for each month of the term. This must be in a single PO with each month as a separate line item. As Consumers can consume more than their committed amount each month, they must also add an additional line item and value to cover any over spend. This must be part of the same PO. If the consumer has an existing contract, they must accept a contract change notice and set the values as outlined above. Where multiple contracts are affected any changes will be made via a Side Letter. PO Value < 250K 0% 250K- 499K 9% 500K- 749K 13% 750K- 1,499k 16% 1,500K + 19% Discount Level

12 Classification: Open 10 Points: Individual projects or departments (billing entities associated with each monthly spend) can be amended during the year through discussion with and agreement from Skyscape; however the committed value cannot be reduced midterm Consumers only get a discounted rate for each month, up to the set monthly figure i.e. not for over usage At the end of each month Skyscape will do one of two things If the actual usage is above the committed value, Skyscape will take the value from the monthly commitment line item and the remaining balance from the Overspend line item If the actual usage is below the set value, Skyscape will bill the consumer the committed value At the end of the 12 months, Skyscape will rebate the consumer the value of the applicable discount over the 12 month period minus any over usage for the last month. For example, the invoice for month 12 is for the committed consumption plus any overuse at standard prices with the potential for a 12 month rebate If the overspend PO line item value is spent prior to the 12 months, the consumer must issue a top up PO value for the remainder of the 12 months or increase their spend and commit to a further 12 months The consumer will pay for any usage above the set amount at the standard rates The discount is set based on the committed PO value, not the actual usage Related Services This service may be bought in conjunction with the following other G-Cloud services: Cloud Enablement Managed Server Application Management Connecting to the Cloud

13 Classification: Open 11 Appendix On-boarding and off-boarding On-boarding Within 10 business days of acceptance of an order, Skyscape will create the Hadoop cluster and send the consumer a welcome pack which includes the URL for the Skyscape Customer Portal and associated authentication details. Off-boarding Consumers are expected to maintain a master copy or backup copy of the data used in the Hadoop in the Cloud service. Hence, there is no requirement for the consumer to transfer their data out of the solution at the end of the contract. Rather, the consumer merely has to securely delete the data prior to the termination of the contract. Service management As a true Cloud service aligned to the NIST definition of IaaS, the service is designed to be self managed via the secure online Skyscape portal (or API) which provides common Service Management functionality and addresses standard requirements. On rare occasions, Skyscape may decide to assign an experienced, qualified ITIL Service Delivery Manager to some Consumers. In these cases, the SDM will provide additional assistance with reporting, incident escalation and continual service improvement, at all times following Skyscape s ISO20000 certified ITIL-based process framework. For Organisations that require more of a managed service, Skyscape work with MDS to provide a Managed Service wrapper around the Skyscape service. Skyscape use EMC as a subcontractor. Service constraints HDFS Cluster Capacity The Skyscape s Hadoop in the Cloud product has been engineered to be scalable and has currently been tested up to 200TB HDFS cluster storage. We advise consulting with Skyscape to work with you scaling beyond this capacity. Maintenance Skyscape will adhere to the following in terms of maintenance windows; Planned Maintenance means any pre-planned maintenance of any infrastructure relating to the Services. Skyscape shall provide the client with at least twenty four (24) hours advance notice of any such planned maintenance: Planned maintenance of Skyscape s infrastructure relating to the Services shall happen between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00 (UK local time) Monday to Sunday and/or between the hours of 08:00 and 12:00 (UK local time) on a Saturday and/or Sunday. No planned maintenance will take place on a Saturday unless agreed in advance by both parties; Planned Maintenance shall be excluded from any availability calculation in regard to service credits but shall be included in the monthly service reporting; Emergency Maintenance means any emergency maintenance of any of the infrastructure relating to the Services. Whenever possible, Skyscape shall provide the client with at least six (6) hours advance notice: Whenever possible Emergency Maintenance of Skyscape s infrastructure will happen between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00 (UK local time) Monday to Sunday and/or between the hours of 08:00 and 12:00 (UK local time)on Saturday and/or Sunday unless there is an identified and demonstrable immediate risk to a client s environment; Emergency Maintenance shall be excluded from any availability calculation in regard to service credits but shall be included in the monthly service reporting. Training Skyscape have created a number of videos, help guides, manuals and FAQs to help train and instruct users so that are up and running quickly and easily.

14 Classification: Open 12 MDS are able to deliver additional services such as training, support and managed services. Ordering and invoicing The service is offered subject to availability. Billing for the service is monthly in arrears. Payment can be via purchase order and direct debit. Service lead time Up to 10TB HDFS Over 10TB HDFS Cluster Expansion 20% uplift of HDFS Storage 21% to 30% uplift of HDFS Storage Over 30% uplift of HDFS Storage Initial Deployment 10 Days 20 Days Immediate 10 Days 20 Days Lead times are in working days and commence from acceptance of order. Shorter deployment times are typically achieved and can be prioritised upon request. Termination Terms At the point of termination, all consumer data, accounts and access will be permanently deleted, and will not be able to be subsequently recovered or restored. Costs There are no termination costs for this Service. Consumers are responsible for extracting their own data from the platform if required. Skyscape may make an additional charge for transferring data out of the service. Data restoration / service migration In many circumstances, Skyscape can help facilitate a bulk migration to the platform using local data import. This is priced on a time and materials basis form the Skyscape SFIA rate card. Customer responsibilities The control and management of access and responsibilities for end users including appropriate connectivity, security and accreditation if required. Where access is required over PSN, the consumer is responsible for adhering to the Code of Connection and assigning appropriate IP addresses from their own allocation to their services hosted on the Skyscape platform. Management and administration of layers above the Hadoop Core Platform (e.g. data ingest, analytics jobs, visualisation, tool selection, etc). Procurement of any additional partner services, product licenses or subscriptions as required for the consumer s specific implementation. Consumers must be aware of the variable nature of the billing based on usage. The consumer is also responsible for ensuring only appropriate data (e.g. OFFICIAL) is stored and processed by applications on this environment and that they comply with the Skyscape Security Operating Procedures (SyOps) and other information assurance requirements as specified in Skyscape System Interconnect and Security Policy (SISP) and associated accreditation documentation sets.

15 Classification: Open 13 Financial recompense model Refer to the service level section in this document. Technical requirements Consumers will require appropriate network connection. Consumers have a number of options to choose from with Skyscape to access their environment dependant on their requirement. The list below provides a guide to demonstrate what is possible but may require further engagement with Skyscape to explain and validate further. Assured OFFICIAL - Lower security domain Standard Internet connectivity over common protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, etc) N3 for access to the Health and Social Care community. You will be required to complete the N3 Information Governance Statement of Compliance process PSN Assured service You will need to be a PSN Service Provider or a HMG customer that has PSN certification. HybridConnect private circuit solutions including: CAS(T) compliant connections (e.g. Leased Line, MPLS, etc) non-cas(t) compliant connections (e.g. Leased Line, MPLS, etc) using additional CPA/PEPAS overlay encryption Site-to-Site VPN using standards based IPSEC solutions Dedicated fibre connectivity within Ark Data Centre Elevated OFFICIAL Higher security domain Preferred connectivity is over a Government Community Network such as N3 or PSN N3 for access to the Health and Social Care community. You will be required to complete the N3 Information Governance Statement of Compliance process (additional controls may need to be implemented to enable N3 access to the higher security domain) PSN Protected service - You will need to be a PSN Service Provider or a HMG customer that has PSN certification. Legacy GCF networks such as GSI, GSE, PNN, etc via the PSN Protected service Skyscape Secure Remote Access service HybridConnect private circuit solutions including: CAS(T) compliant connections (e.g. Leased Line, MPLS, etc) using additional CPA/PEPAS overlay encryption non-cas(t) compliant connections (e.g. Leased Line, MPLS, etc) using additional CPA/PEPAS overlay encryption Site-to-Site VPN using standards based CPA approved solutions Dedicated bonded fibre connectivity within Ark Data Centre